Effect of two different cropyear and the agrotechnological factors on the agronomic characteristic of the winter weat in a lon-term experiment

We studied the effects of crop rotation, fertilization and crop protection technologies on occurence of the major ear- and leaf-diseases (powdery mildew, helminthosporiosis, leaf rust, Fusarium wilt) and the degree of lodging in the winter wheat variety Mv Pálma in two very different years (2006/2007=dry; 2009/2010=rainy). The experiments were carried out at the Látókép Experimental Farm of the University of Debrecen CAAES in triculture (pea-wheat-maize) and biculture (wheat-maize) at five fertilization levels by applying three different crop protection technologies (extensive, average, intensive).In the cropyear of 2006/2007, the disease severity of leaf diseases was higher than the average in both crop rotations in spite of the fact that the weather during the whole vegetation period was dry. Infection by powdery mildew, helminthosporiosis and leaf rust increased with increasing fertilization, the highest infection was measured at the highest fertilization level (N200+PK) in the extensive crop protection technology. According to the results, no infection of ears by Fusarium and no lodging occurred in either bi- or triculture due to the dry year. The extremely rainy weather in 2009/2010 was favourable not only for the vegetative development of the stand, but also increased the occurance of leaf-, stalk- and ear-diseases and a high degree of lodging was observed. The highest infection by powdery mildew was observed in the plots with the highest fertilizer dosage under an extensive crop protection technology. A much higher helminthosporiosis infection was measured than in the cropyear of 2006/2007. The wet weather and higher than average temperature promoted the occurence and spreading of leaf rust. Under an extensive crop protection technology, a leaf rust infection of 24% and 31% was detected after maize and pea as a forecrop, respectively, in the N200+PK treatment. As opposed to 2006/2007, the disease severity of Fusarium was 3–8% and 2–7% in the control after maize and pea as a forecrop, respectively. This value, similarly to that of other pathogens, increased with increasing fertilization levels. Due to the large vegetative mass, a significant lodging was observed in the wheat stands in both bi- and triculture (17–100%, 12–100%).

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Study of plant production modells with different intensity in winter wheat production

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/32/3018 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 51-60

Author(s):

Mária Hornok ◽

Péter Pepó

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Leaf Rust ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Nutrient Supply ◽

Plant Production ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Protection Technology

The effects of crop rotation, nutrient supply and plant protection technologies were examined on the yield of Mv PÁLMA winter wheat variety and on the most important diseases of ear and leaf. Our experiments were carried out on chernozem soil in the Hajdúság in 2006 and 2007, and three plant protection technologies (extensive, average, intensive) and three irrigation variations (without irrigation, irrigated with 50 mm, irrigated with100 mm) were applied in different crop rotation systems. In the triculture crop rotation a higher rate of infection was observed than in the biculture crop rotation, because the vegetative growth was more expressed after pea and these microclimatic factors were favourable for the development of pathogens.In the triculture crop rotation (pea – wheat – maize) the powdery mildew, DTR and leaf rust of wheat were present in both examined years (powdery mildew 5-15%, DTR 14-42%, leaf rust 8-37% in cropyear 2005/2006, powdery mildew 12-32%, DTR 9-29%, leaf rust 8-26% in cropyear 2006/2007). Fusaria could be observed in 2006 (depending on the plant protection technologies and nutrient supply in the biculture 7-27% and in thetriculture 5-19%). With higher amounts of fertilizers the rate of infection increased and reached its maximum at the highest dose of nutrient supply (N200 +PK).We observed the highest rate of infection by ear and leaf diseases in the case of the extensive technology, while this rate could be considerably reduced by the application of the intensive technology.Both in 2006 and 2007, yields were the highest at the N100-200+PK levels in the triculture after pea (6028-7939 kg ha-1 in cropyear 2006, 6578-8690 kg ha-1 in cropyear 2007 depending on plant protection technologies), and at the N150-200+PK levels in the biculture after maize (6096-7653 kg ha-1 in cropyear 2006, 4974-8123 kg ha-1 in cropyear 2007 depending on the plant protection technologies). The highest yield maximums werereached when pea was the forecrop. The yields on the experimental plots of the intensive plant protection technology was 224-2198 kg ha-1 higher (depending on the forecrop) compared to the plots where the extensive technology was used.The highest yield without irrigation was at the N150+PK both in biculture and triculture crop rotation. Among the irrigated variations Ö2 and Ö3 at N200+PK fertilisation resulted in the highest yield in the biculture crop rotation, while the N100+PK level in triculture system. In the biculture crop rotation the extra yield was 14-51% higher (575-1225 kg ha-1 depending on plant protection technology) when 50 mm water was irrigated, and15-54% higher (778-2480 kg ha-1) if 100 mm irrigation was applied comparing to the non-irrigated versions. The yield was 7-17% higher (560-1086 kg ha-1) in the Ö2 irrigation variation, and 8-23% (691-1446 kg ha-1) higher in the Ö3 irrigation variation compared to Ö1 irrigation variation (non-irrigated).A correlation analysis was made to reveal the connection between the yield, the amount of fertilizers, the rate of infection, the plant protection technologies and the forecrops. Strong positive correlation (0.846) was found between year and fusaria infection. Strong positive correlation was observed between fertilization and powdery mildew infection (0.525), fertilization and DTR (0.528), fertilization and yield quantity (0.683). Lowercorrelation was found between fertilization and leaf rust infection (0.409), and forecrop and yield (0.472), recpectively. Negative correlation was calcutated between plant protection technologies and DTR (-0.611), and plant protection technologies and leaf rust (-0.649).

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Development of powdery mildew and leaf rust epidemics in winter wheat cultivars

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/4154-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 49 (No. 10) ◽

pp. 439-442

Author(s):

L. Věchet

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Leaf Rust ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Winter Wheat Cultivars

Development of powdery mildew and leaf rust epidemics was examined on three winter wheat cultivars with different predispositions to powdery mildew in three-year experiments. The progress of powdery mildew and leaf rust on the same cultivar was conditioned by its dissimilar susceptibility to the respective disease. Fit temperature played an important role at the beginning of the particular disease and during its progress. Significant differences in the disease severity of powdery mildew and leaf rust were recorded on single leaves. Disease severity of leaf rust was higher on upper leaves while disease severity of powdery mildew was higher on lower leaves.

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Influence of sowing dates on the incidence of powdery mildew of chilli

Journal of AgriSearch ◽

10.21921/jas.v4i2.7784 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

SUDHEENDRA A. ASHTAPUTRE

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Field Experiment ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Time Interval ◽

Research Station ◽

Inoculum Potential ◽

Weather Factors ◽

Agricultural Research Station ◽

Sowing Dates

A field experiment was conducted during kharif, 2005 at Agricultural Research station, Devihosur, Haveri, Karnataka to assess the progress of powdery mildew at different time interval of sowing dates. Totally 20 different dates of sowings were imposed in the experiment at an interval of 10 days. The crop sown on last week of May to mid of June recorded minimum disease severity compared to rest of the date of sowings. This clearly indicated that crop sown during this period suffers less, which may be due to low inoculum potential, whereas late sown crop suffers more because of the readily available inoculum in the early sown crops. Low disease severity in last week of May to mid of June sowing may be attributed to the non-congenial weather factors for the development of the disease.

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Variety resistance of winter barley to powdery mildew in the field in 1976−2005

Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding ◽

10.17221/2067-cjgpb ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 43 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 87-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A. Dreiseitl

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽

Specific Resistance ◽

Winter Barley ◽

Mildew Resistance ◽

Average Resistance ◽

The Difference ◽

The Given ◽

Resistance Of Varieties

The results of evaluation of powdery mildew resistance in winter barley varieties in 285 Czech Official Trials conducted at 20 locations were analysed. Over the period, the number of varieties tested per year increased from four to seven in 1976−1985 to 53−61 in 2002−2005. To assess the resistance of varieties, only trials with sufficient disease severity were used. In 1976−2000, six varieties (1.7% of the varieties tested in the given years) ranked among resistant (average resistance of a variety in a year > 7.5) including NR-468 possessing the gene Mla13, KM-2099 with mlo and Marinka with the genes Mla7, MlaMu2. In 2001−2005, already 33 varieties (16.9%) ranked among resistant, of which Traminer possessing the genes Ml(St) and Ml(IM9 dominated. The proportion of susceptible varieties (average resistance ≤ 5.5) did not change in the two mentioned periods. Two-rowed varieties began to be tested as late as in 1990 (the first variety was Danilo), however, no difference was found in the resistance of two- and six-rowed varieties. Using an example of two pairs of varieties (Dura-Miraj and Marinka-Tiffany) with identical genes for specific resistance but with different resistance in the field, the efficiency of non-specific resistance is discussed. The resistance of domestic and foreign varieties was similar in 1994−2000; however, in 2001−2005 the difference was 0.75 point to disadvantage of domestic ones.

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Continuous Lighting Reduces Conidial Production and Germinability in the Rose Powdery Mildew Pathosystem

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-94-3-0339 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 94 (3) ◽

pp. 339-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

A. Suthaparan ◽

Arne Stensvand ◽

S. Torre ◽

Maria L. Herrero ◽

R. I. Pettersen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Interspecific Hybrid ◽

Day Length ◽

Artificial Light ◽

Potted Plants ◽

Severity Of Disease ◽

Detached Leaves ◽

Growth Chambers ◽

The Rose

The effect of day length on production and germinability of conidia and severity of disease caused by Podosphaera pannosa, the causal agent of rose powdery mildew, was studied. Whole potted plants or detached leaves of Rosa interspecific hybrid ‘Mistral’ were inoculated with P. pannosa and exposed to 0, 12, 18, 20, 22, or 24 h of artificial light per day in growth chambers equipped with mercury lamps. Increasing duration of illumination from 18 to 20 to 24 h per day reduced production of conidia by 22 to 62%. Exposure to 24 h of illumination per day also strongly reduced disease severity compared with 18 h. Our results suggest that increasing day lengths from 18 h per day to 20 to 24 h may suppress the disease significantly and, thereby, reduce the need for fungicide applications against powdery mildew.

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Identification of powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis sp. tritici) and take-all disease (Gaeumannomyces graminis sp. tritici) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by means of leaf reflectance measurements

Open Life Sciences ◽

10.2478/s11535-006-0020-8 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 275-288 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Simone Graeff ◽

Johanna Link ◽

Wilhelm Claupein

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Plant Stress ◽

Stress Factors ◽

Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽

Disease Assessment ◽

Leaf Reflectance ◽

Reflectance Measurements ◽

Take All

AbstractThe ability to identify diseases in an early infection stage and to accurately quantify the severity of infection is crucial in plant disease assessment and management. A greenhouse study was conducted to assess changes in leaf spectral reflectance of wheat plants during infection by powdery mildew and take-all disease to evaluate leaf reflectance measurements as a tool to identify and quantify disease severity and to discriminate between different diseases. Wheat plants were inoculated under controlled conditions in different intensities either with powdery mildew or take-all. Leaf reflectance was measured with a digital imager (Leica S1 Pro, Leica, Germany) under controlled light conditions in various wavelength ranges covering the visible and the near-infrared spectra (380–1300 nm). Leaf scans were evaluated by means of L*a*b*-color system. Visual estimates of disease severity were made for each of the epidemics daily from the onset of visible symptoms to maximum disease severity. Reflectance within the ranges of 490780 nm (r2 = 0.69), 510780nm (r2 = 0.74), 5161300nm (r2 = 0.62) and 5401300 nm (r2 = 0.60) exhibited the strongest relationship with infection levels of both powdery mildew and take-all disease. Among the evaluated spectra the range of 490780nm showed most sensitive response to damage caused by powdery mildew and take-all infestation. The results of this study indicated that disease detection and discrimination by means of reflectance measurements may be realized by the use of specific wavelength ranges. Further studies have to be carried out, to discriminate powdery mildew and take-all infection from other plant stress factors in order to develop suitable decision support systems for site-specific fungicide application.

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Allelism and resistance loci of powdery mildew and leaf rust in Egyptian hexaploid bread wheat

Cereal Research Communications ◽

10.1007/s42976-021-00163-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ibrahim Sobhy Draz ◽

Ahmed Fawzy Elkot ◽

Abdelrazek Shaarawy Abdelrhim

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Leaf Rust ◽

Bread Wheat

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Resistance of Tangmai 4 wheat to powdery mildew, stem rust, leaf rust, and stripe rust and its chromosome composition

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p03-195 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 84 (4) ◽

pp. 1015-1023 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

H. J. Li ◽

R. L. Conner ◽

B. D. McCallum ◽

X. M. Chen ◽

H. Su ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Leaf Rust ◽

Stripe Rust ◽

Stem Rust ◽

Northern China ◽

Western Canada ◽

C Banding ◽

Rust Diseases ◽

Hard Red Winter Wheat ◽

Secale Cereale L

The hard red winter wheat Tangmai 4 did not develop symptoms of infection following inoculation with powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC. f. sp. tritici E. Marchal) isolates from regions of western Canada and northern China. Tangmai 4 exhibited resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & Henn.) and leaf rust (P. triticina Eriks.) races from western Canada. This wheat line was resistant to individual stripe rust (P. striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Eriks.) races from the U.S. and Canada. Sequential C-banding and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), and electrophoretic analyses of high molecular weight glutenins and gliadins demonstrated that Tangmai 4 carried a pair of T1BL·1RS wheat-rye (Secale cereale L.) translocated chromosomes. Since the genes located on T1BL·1RS are no longer effective in controlling powdery mildew and the rust diseases, Tangmai 4 must carry additional genes for resistance to these diseases, which makes it a valuable resource for the improvement of resistance in wheat against these diseases. Key words: T1BL·1RS translocation, disease resistance, sequential C-banding and GISH, glutenin, gliadin

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