scholarly journals Evolution of some components of agroecosystems productivity from Vinga Plain in water stress situations

2010 ◽  
pp. 174-179
Author(s):  
Daniel Dicu ◽  
Iacob Borza ◽  
Dorin Tarau
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
System Level ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
No Till ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
On Line ◽  
New Interactions ◽  
The Impact

The researches are inscribed on line of substantiation of durable agricultural system, having main objective the prominence ofquantitative and qualitative modifications made on agro-system level under the effect of no-tillage system for wheat, maize and soybeans.The experimental field is placed on a cambium chernozem, with a medium content of clay, dominant in the Prodagro West Arad agrocentreand representative for a large surface in the Banat-Crisana Plain.The passing to no-till system change the structure of technological elements, through less soil works, so the impact on agro-system isdifferent comparing with conventional tillage, first less the intervention pressure on agro-system ant secondly appears new interactions, newequilibriums and disequilibriums.Considering the evolution of soil humidity, the observations made monthly (by taking soil samples and laboratory determinations) forthe three cultures showed that in the no-till system, there are more uniform values in the soil profile, and in the variants where the deep workof soil was made it could be observed a low increase of the water volume in the soil.

scholarly journals Preference of Peponapis pruinosa (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) for Tilled Soils Regardless of Soil Management System

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda R Skidmore ◽  
Clancy A Short ◽  
Chasity Dills ◽  
Karen Goodell ◽  
Ricardo T Bessin
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
No Till ◽  
Disturbed Soil ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Strip Tillage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Peponapis Pruinosa ◽  
Ground Nesting

Abstract Concerns about global pollinator declines have placed a growing focus on understanding the impact of agriculture practices on valuable native pollinators in these systems. Cultivation practices such as tillage disturb agroecosystems and can have negative impacts on ground-nesting pollinators. The squash bee, Peponapis pruinosa (Say), is a ground-nesting specialist pollinator of Cucurbita (Cucurbitaceae) crops (i.e., pumpkins and squash) that often nests in agricultural fields and thus may be vulnerable to these practices. We investigated the impact of tillage on nesting behavior of P. pruinosa in plasticulture and strip-tilled squash systems. We used choice experiments to test nesting substrate preference and nesting success of caged P. pruinosa in two soil tillage systems: strip tillage and plasticulture. The strip tillage system comprised two tillage zones (strip-tilled row with no-till edges), and the plasticulture system comprised two tillage zones (plastic bed and conventional tillage edge). The results of our study indicate that P. pruinosa nesting density did not significantly differ between the strip tillage and plasticulture systems. Within each system, P. pruinosa preferred excavating nests in the most disturbed soil zones (strip-tilled row and conventionally tilled edge). In the strip tillage system, the strip-tilled row had significantly more nests than the no-till edge. Results of these studies suggest that soil tillage practices can influence P. pruinosa nesting choice and production practices should be considered when developing a pollinator protection plan.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE BIODIVERSITY BETWEEN NO-TILL AND CONVENTIONAL TILL ON A CROP ROTATION

AGROFOR ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel MORENO-GARCÍA ◽  
Miguel Ángel REPULLO-RUIBÉRRIZ DE TORRES ◽  
Rosa María CARBONELL-BOJOLLO ◽  
Rafaela ORDÓÑEZ-FERNÁNDEZ
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
No Till ◽  
Agronomic Management ◽  
Tillage System

The technological development that agriculture has suffered in recent decades hasaffected biological diversity in agricultural fields. In particular, the life on the soilsurface, that is mainly constituted by invertebrates. This loss of biodiversity entailsthe disappearance of natural processes that this organisms support. For this reason,it is necessary to implement agronomic management that reduces impacts onagricultural soils. One of these alternatives is no-tillage system, which ischaracterized by the absence of soil ploughing and the maintenance of cropresidues on soil surface. In this sense, the present work has compared the existingbiodiversity in a crop rotation (sunflower-wheat-legume) between plots under notillageand plots under conventional tillage systems. With this objective, insects,arachnids, crustaceans and myriapods have been captured through pitfall traps.Four plots have been sampled, 2 under no-tillage and 2 under conventional tillage.In each plot have been placed 4 sampling areas, consisting of 5 pitfall traps each.The catches made have shown higher biodiversity values in no-tillage compared toconventional tillage. These differences have been significantly higher in terms ofnumber of species captured and with respect to the biodiversity indices ofMargalef, Simpson and Shannon. However, the increases in number of individualscaptured has not been significant as well as the uniformity indices of Pielou andSimpson.

Effect of Tillage Systems on Soil Organic Carbon and Soil Quality in a Purple Paddy Soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 1190-1194
Author(s):  
Jun Ke Zhang ◽  
Qing Ju Hao ◽  
Chang Sheng Jiang ◽  
Yan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Purple Soil ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Field Station ◽  
No Till ◽  
The Impact

The impact of conservation tillage practices on carbon sequestration has been of great interest in recent years. This experiment analyzed the organic carbon status of soils sampled at depth increments from 0 to 60 cm after 20 years in a purple paddy soil. The tillage experiment was established in the Key Field Station for Monitoring of Eco-Environment of Purple Soil of the Ministry of Agriculture of China, located in the farm of Southwest University (30°26′N, 106°26′E), Chongqing. In this paper, five tillage treatments including conventional tillage with rice only system (DP), conventional tillage with rotation of rice and rape system (SL), no-till and ridge culture with rotation of rice and rape system (LM), no-till and plain culture with rotation of rice and rape system (XM) and tillage and ridge culture with rotation of rice and rape system (LF) were selected as research objectives to measure SOC storage and stratification ratio of SOC (CSR). The SOC storage under different tillage systems was calculated based on an equivalent soil mass. The CSR can be used as an indicator of soil quality because surface organic matter is essential to erosion control, water infiltration, and the conservation of nutrients. Results showed that in soil under no-till SOC was concentrated near the surface, while in tilled soil SOC decreased equably with the increase of soil depth. The difference of SOC contents between the five tillage systems was the largest in the top soil and the lowest in the bottom soil. The order of SOC storage was LM (158.52 Mg C•ha-1) >DP (106.74 Mg C•ha-1) >XM (100.11 Mg C•ha-1) >LF (93.11 Mg C•ha-1) >SL (88.59 Mg C•ha-1), LM treatment was significantly higher than the other treatments. The CSR of 0-10/50-60 cm was 2.65, 2.70 and 2.14 under LM, XM and LF treatments, while 1.54 and 1.92 under DP and SL treatments. We considered CSR>2 indicate an improvement in soil quality produced by changing from tillage to no-tillage, as well as changing from plane to ridge. Overall, long-term LM treatment is a valid strategy for increasing SOC storage and improving soil quality in a purple paddy soil in Southwest China.

WHEAT YIELD AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY UNDER CONTRASTING RESIDUE AND TILLAGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN A SEMIARID AREA OF MOROCCO

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mrabet
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Partial Removal ◽  
No Till ◽  
Management Technology ◽  
Use Efficiency

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) production using no-tillage is becoming an increasingly accepted management technology. Major obstacles to its adoption in Morocco, however, are exportation of wheat straw from the field and stubble grazing. Among pertinent solutions is the control of these practices. A four-year field study was conducted to determine the effect of residue level under no-tillage on wheat grain and total dry-matter yields, water use and water-use efficiency, and to compare this with conventional tillage systems. The aim was to evaluate whether all the straw produced is needed for no-till cropping or whether partial removal of straw from the field is possible without any adverse effect on production. No-tillage and deep tillage with disk plough performed equally well and subsurface tillage with an off-set disk produced the lowest yields. Both bare and full no-tillage covers depressed wheat production. Uo to 30% of straw produced under no-tillage can be removed without jeopardizing wheat crop performance.

scholarly journals Intercepted solar radiation by maize crops subjected to different tillage systems and water availability levels

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1331-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homero Bergamaschi ◽  
Genei Antonio Dalmago ◽  
João Ito Bergonci ◽  
Cleusa Adriane Menegassi Bianchi Krüger ◽  
Bruna Maria Machado Heckler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Extinction Coefficient ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Crop Cycle

The objective of this work was to evaluate changes in the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) interception efficiency and PPFD extinction coefficient for maize crop subjected to different soil tillage systems and water availability levels. Crops were subjected to no-tillage and conventional tillage systems combined with full irrigation and non-irrigation treatments. Continuous measurements of transmitted PPFD on the soil surface and incoming PPFD over the canopy were taken throughout the crop cycle. Leaf area index and soil water potential were also measured during the whole period. Considering a mean value over the maize cycle, intercepted PPFD was higher in the conventional tillage than in the no-tillage system. During the initial stages of plants, intercepted PPFD in the conventional tillage was double the PPFD interception in the no-tillage treatment. However, those differences were reduced up to the maximum leaf area index, close to tasseling stage. The lowest interception of PPFD occurred in the conventional tillage during the reproductive period, as leaf senescence progressed. Over the entire crop cycle, the interception of PPFD by the non-irrigated plants was about 20% lower than by the irrigated plants. The no-tillage system reduced the extinction coefficient for PPFD, which may have allowed a higher penetration of solar radiation into the canopy

scholarly journals ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA MỘT SỐ BIỆN PHÁP KỸ THUẬT CANH TÁC ĐẾN SINH TRƯỞNG, PHÁT TRIỂN VÀ NĂNG SUẤT CỦA GIỐNG NGÔ LAI HQ2000

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1878-1887
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Trung Hải ◽  
Trần Thanh Đức ◽  
Vi Thị Linh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Root Position ◽  
Tillage Treatment ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tillage Methods

Nghiên cứu này nhằm đánh giá tác động của các biện pháp làm đất và mật độ trồng khác nhau đến quá trình sinh trưởng, phát triển, năng suất và hiệu quả kinh tế của giống ngô lai HQ2000 trên đất cát nội đồng trong vụ Đông Xuân năm 2018-2019 tại Thừa Thiên Huế. Thí nghiệm thứ nhất gồm 3 công thức gồm làm đất truyền thống, làm đất tối thiểu và không làm đất trong đó thí nghiệm thứ hai gồm 4 công thức với mật độ gieo trồng lần lượt là 47.058, 53.333, 61.538 và 66.666 cây/ha. Kết quả thí nghiệm cho thấy: Thời gian hoàn thành các giai đoạn sinh trưởng và phát triển ở các biện pháp làm đất tối thiểu có xu hướng ngắn hơn các công thức làm đất truyền thống; chiều cao cây cuối cùng dao động từ 154 đến 175cm, số lá dao động từ 16 đến 18 lá, diện tích lá đóng bắp có xu hướng giảm ở các công thức làm đất tối thiểu trong khi các yếu tố khác như chiều cao đóng bắp, chiều dài bắp, đường kính bắp và đường kính lóng gốc ở các công thức thí nghiệm dao động tương đối ít. Năng suất lý thuyết dao động từ 61 đến 72 tạ/ha, năng suất thực thu đạt cao nhất là 59,8 tạ/ha ở công thức không làm đất. Đối với biện pháp canh tác truyền thống, năng suất đạt cao nhất ở mật độ 18,5 kg hạt giống/ha (63,4 tạ/ha). Ở các công thức thí nghiệm, lợi nhuận đạt cao nhất ở công thức không làm đất và ở mật độ trồng là 18,5 kg hạt giống/ha, tương đương 61.538 cây/ha.  ABSTRACT This study aims to evaluate the impact of different tillage methods and planting densities on the growth, development, grain yield and economic efficiency of hybrid maize HQ2000 on sandy soil in the 2018-2019 Winter-Spring season in Thua Thien Hue province. The first trial consisted of three treatments including conventional tillage, limited tillage and no tillage; the second trial consisted of four treatments with planting density of 47.058, 53.333, 61.538 và 66.666 plants/ha, respectively. Experimental results showed that: The completed time of the growth and development stages at the minimum tillage methods was shorter than conventional tillage treatments; final plant height varied from 154 to 175cm, the number of leaves ranged from 16 to 18 leaves, the leaf area at ​​corn position decreased in minimum tillage treatments while other factors such as ear height, ear length, ear diameter and stalk diameter at prop root position fluctuated slightly. Potential grain yield varied from 6.1 to 7.2 tons/ha, the highest actual grain yield was 5.98 tons/ha in the no-tillage treatment. For conventional tillage, the highest grain yield was at 18.5 kg seed/ha treatment (6.34 tons/ha). In the experimental treatments, the highest profit was achieved in the no-tillage treatment and in planting density of 18.5 kg seed/ha, equivalent 61,538 plants/ha.      

scholarly journals Distribution and vertical stratification of carbon and nitrogen in soil under different managements in the pampean region of Argentina

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1985-1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Rosa Álvarez ◽  
Alejandro Oscar Costantini ◽  
Alfredo Bono ◽  
Miguel Ángel Taboada ◽  
Flavio Hernán Gutiérrez Boem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
C Storage ◽  
C Pools ◽  
No Till ◽  
Total Organic C

One of the expected benefits of no-tillage systems is a higher rate of soil C sequestration. However, higher C retention in soil is not always apparent when no-tillage is applied, due e.g., to substantial differences in soil type and initial C content. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of no-tillage management to increase the stock of total organic C in soils of the Pampas region in Argentina. Forty crop fields under no-tillage and conventional tillage systems and seven undisturbed soils were sampled. Total organic C, total N, their fractions and stratification ratios and the C storage capacity of the soils under different managements were assessed in samples to a depth of 30 cm, in three layers (0-5, 5-15 and 15-30 cm). The differences between the C pools of the undisturbed and cultivated soils were significant (p < 0.05) and most pronounced in the top (0-5 cm) soil layer, with more active C near the soil surface (undisturbed > no-tillage > conventional tillage). Based on the stratification ratio of the labile C pool (0-5/5-15 cm), the untilled were separated from conventionally tilled areas. Much of the variation in potentially mineralizable C was explained by this active C fraction (R² = 0.61) and by total organic C (R² = 0.67). No-till soils did not accumulate more organic C than conventionally tilled soils in the 0-30 cm layer, but there was substantial stratification of total and active C pools at no till sites. If the C stratification ratio is really an indicator of soil quality, then the C storage potential of no-tillage would be greater than in conventional tillage, at least in the surface layers. Particulate organic C and potentially mineralizable C may be useful to evaluate variations in topsoil organic matter.

Seed production and seedbank dynamics in subthreshold velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) populations

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Cardina ◽  
Heather M. Norquay
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Single Seed ◽  
No Till ◽  
The Impact

The impact of seed production by subthreshold weed populations on future weed problems has impeded the adoption of integrated pest-management principles for weed management. Studies were conducted in fields with no velvetleaf history to determine how seedbanks and seedling populations change following seed production 1 yr or 5 consecutive yr in plow-disk and no-tillage corn. Cumulative seed production by 0.19 velvetleaf plants m−2increased in a linear fashion from 1989 to 1994, with annual additions averaging from 330 seeds m−2for velvetleaf in corn to 2,500 seeds m−2for velvetleaf without competition from corn. Five-year cumulative seed production was 1,480 seeds m−2in plow-disk and 1,810 seeds m−2in no-till corn. In no-till corn, 42 velvetleaf seedlings m−2emerged the 1st year after the 1989 seed rain, but only 35 seedlings m−2emerged over the next 4 yr. In plow-disk plots, annual emergence averaged 12 seedlings m−2. Five years after the 1989 seed rain, the proportion of seeds lost to emergence was about 20% in both tillage treatments. Where velvetleaf seeds were allowed to return to the soil every year, cumulative seedling emergence was lower in plow-disk than in no-till corn, with total emergence of 70 and 360 seedlings m−2, respectively, after 5 yr. Seedbank numbers ranged from 10 seeds m−25 yr after a single seed rain (290 seeds m−2) by velvetleaf in plow-disk corn to 1,020 seeds m−2following 5 consecutive yr of seed rain where 12,580 seeds m−2were returned without corn competition in no-till. Seedbank samples in the fall of the 5th year had 69 to 98% fewer seeds than were accounted for by cumulative seed rain and seedling emergence, with greater apparent seed losses in plow-disk corn than in no-till corn. Over 90% velvetleaf control would be required annually to maintain subthreshold populations for 5 yr following a single seed rain. By comparison, over 95% control would be required annually to maintain subthreshold populations where velvetleaf seed return is permitted each year.

scholarly journals Effect of tillage system on soil temperature in a rainfed Mediterranean Vertisol

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Muñoz-Romero ◽  
Luis Lopez-Bellido ◽  
Rafael J. Lopez-Bellido
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Grain Formation ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Sowing Period

Abstract Soil temperature is a factor that influences the rates of physical, chemical, and biological reactions in soils and has a strong influence on plant growth. A field study was conducted during 2006-2007 and 2009-2010 on a typical rainfed Mediterranean Vertisol to determine the effects of the tillage system and the crop on soil temperature. The experimental treatments were the tillage system (no-tillage and conventional tillage) and the crop (wheat and faba bean). Soil temperature was measured at a 20 cm depth at 1 h intervals from December 1st to November 30th of 2006-2007 and 2009-2010. There was a highly significant relationship between air temperature (both maximum and minimum) and soil temperature for the two tillage systems. Soil temperature was similar in the growing season for both crops but was higher in the conventional tillage than in the no-tillage system, with differences between 0.7 and 2.6°C depending on the month of the year. A higher soil temperature with conventional tillage can be beneficial in the cold sowing period (November-December), improving crop establishment. In contrast, in critical periods with water deficits (spring) during which grain formation occurs, the lower temperature corresponding to the no-tillage system would be more favourable.

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