scholarly journals Neuroprotective effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Commiphora caudata (Wight & Arn) against lipopolysaccharide-induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-507
Author(s):  
Ponmalai Srinivasan ◽  
Balasubramanian Arul ◽  
Ramalingam Kothai
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Behavioral Tests ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Introduction: Commiphora caudata contains various essential phytoconstituents and is a potential medicinal plant used traditionally to treat various ailments such as neurodegenerative diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Commiphora caudata against the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced behavioral changes in rats. Methods: The in-vitro antioxidant potential was evaluated by 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay methods. For in-vivo studies, the animals were pre-treated with ethanolic leaf extract of Commiphora caudata (EECC) at 200 and 400 mg/kg of b.w for 30 days, and neurotoxicity was induced with a single intraperitoneal injection of LPS 1 mg/kg, b.w on day 31. The neurotoxicity was evaluated with a chain of behavioral tests such as the Morris water maze test, radial arm maze, and choice reaction time (CRT) tests. At the end of the study, rats were sacrificed, the brain hippocampal region was removed, and the levels of acetylcholinesterase, nitric oxide, and protein were measured. Results: The IC50 value in the DPPH method was 71.58 ± 15.62 μg, and the total antioxidant activity of EECC was found to be 742.33 ± 14.57 μmol Fe (II)/g extract. In behavioral tests, animals treated with EECC at 200 and 400 mg/kg showed a neuroprotective effect in the Morris water maze test, an 8-arm radial maze test, and in the CRT test. Both doses reduced acetylcholinesterase, nitric oxide, and protein levels (P < 0.001), respectively. Conclusion: The present study results showed the promising neuroprotective effects of ethanolic extract of leaves of Commiphora caudata and its action against the LPS-induced cognitive impairment in rats.

scholarly journals The Effects ofLoranthus parasiticuson Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Bae Weon ◽  
Jiwoo Lee ◽  
Min Rye Eom ◽  
Youn Sik Jung ◽  
Choong Je Ma
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Passive Avoidance Test ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Ht22 Cells ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Maze Test

This study is undertaken to evaluate cognitive enhancing effect and neuroprotective effect ofLoranthus parasiticus. Cognitive enhancing effect ofLoranthus parasiticuswas investigated on scopolamine-induced amnesia model in Morris water maze test and passive avoidance test. We also examined the neuroprotective effect on glutamate-induced cell death in HT22 cells by MTT assay. These results of Morris water maze test and passive avoidance test indicated that 10 and 50 mg/kg ofLoranthus parasiticusreversed scopolamine-induced memory deficits.Loranthus parasiticusalso protected against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in HT22 cells. As a result ofin vitrotest for elucidating possible mechanism,Loranthus parasiticusinhibited AChE activity, ROS production, and Ca2+accumulation.Loranthus parasiticusshowed memory enhancing effect and neuroprotective effect and these effects may be related to inhibition of AChE activity, ROS level, and Ca2+influx.

Diosgenin Ameliorates Cognition Deficit and Attenuates Oxidative Damage in Senescent Mice Induced by D-Galactose

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (03) ◽  
pp. 551-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan-Sung Chiu ◽  
Yung-Jia Chiu ◽  
Lung-Yuan Wu ◽  
Tsung-Chun Lu ◽  
Tai-Hung Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Mice Brain ◽  
Improved Learning ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant ◽  
The Brain

This study attempted to access the neuroprotective effect of diosgenin on the senescent mice induced by d-galactose (D-gal). The mice in the experiments were orally administered with diosgenin (1, 5, 25 and 125 mg/kg), for four weeks from the sixth week. The learning and memory abilities of the mice in Morris water maze test and the mechanism involved in the neuroprotective effect of diosgenin on the mice brain tissue were investigated. Diosgenin (5, 25 and 125 mg/kg, p.o.) showed significantly improved learning and memory abilities in Morris water maze test compared to D-gal treated mice (200 mg/kg, ten weeks). Diosgenin also increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the brain of D-gal treated mice. These results indicated that diosgenin has the potential to be a useful treatment for cognitive impairment. In addition, the memory enhancing effect of diosgenin may be partly mediated via enhancing endogenous antioxidant enzymatic activities.

The influence of tobacco smoke and nicotine on antidepressant and memory-improving effects of venlafaxine

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Nowakowska ◽  
Krzysztof Kus ◽  
Ewa Florek ◽  
Anna Czubak ◽  
Jadwiga Jodynis-Liebert
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Immobility Time

In experimental and clinical studies, central nicotinic systems have been shown to play an important role in cognitive function. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors also mediate the reinforcing properties of nicotine (NIC) in tobacco products. A variety of studies have shown that acute treatment with NIC or nicotinic agonists can improve working memory function. Moreover, it is known that the monoaminergic system plays an important role in memory function. And there is evidence suggesting that prolonged use of NIC may exert antidepressant action via nicotinic receptors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interactions between a novel antidepressant, venlafaxine (VEN), a blocker of noradrenaline and 5–hydroxytryptamine reuptake sites, and pure NIC in the context of antidepressant and memory function in tobacco smoke exposed and nonexposed rats. The animals were subjected to Porsolt's test for testing antidepressant activity and their memory function (spatial memory) was evaluated in the Morris Water Maze Test. In tobacco smoke non–exposed and exposed rats both single and chronic administration of VEN (20 mg/kg po) shortened immobility time. NIC (0.2 mg/kg sc) significantly reduced immobility time on the 1st, 7th and 14th test days in both non–exposed and exposed rats. Combined VEN–NIC treatment in tobacco smoke non–exposed rats reduced immobility too. This effect of the combination of drugs was significantly stronger as compared to the effects obtained after individual administration of VEN or NIC. In the group exposed to tobacco smoke, joint administration of VEN–NIC induced a significant reduction of immobility as compared to the control and NIC groups. In the Morris Water Maze Test single and chronic administration of VEN, lower values of escape latencies and lower numbers of crossed quadrants were noted in both exposed and non–exposed rats, which indicates improved performance. After administering NIC we could observe improvement of spatial memory in both the exposed and non–exposed group. A similar effect of improvement of spatial memory was observed after joint administration of VEN and NIC. The study results support the involvement of nicotinic systems in memory processes in rats. Memory improvement and antidepressant effects following joint administration of VEN and NIC may depend on nicotinic interactions with monoaminergic systems and VEN may represent a new therapeutic approach to smoking cessation.

Yam (Dioscorea pseudojaponica Yamamoto) Ameliorates Cognition Deficit and Attenuates Oxidative Damage in Senescent Mice Induced by D-Galactose

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (05) ◽  
pp. 889-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan-Sung Chiu ◽  
Jeng-Shyan Deng ◽  
Ming-Tsuen Hsieh ◽  
Ming-Jen Fan ◽  
Min-Min Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Mice Brain ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

This study attempted to access the neuroprotective effect of yam (Dioscorea pseudojaponica Yamamoto) on the senescent mice induced by D-gal. The mice in the experiments were administered orally with yam (20, 100 or 500 mg/kg for 4 weeks, from the sixth week). The learning and memory abilities of the mice in Morris water maze test and the mechanisms involved in the neuroprotective effect of yam on the mice brain tissue were investigated. The content of diosgenin in the yam was also detected by using HPLC. Mice treated with yam were found to significantly improve their learning and memory abilities in Morris water maze test compared to those treated with D-gal (200 mg/kg for 10 weeks). In addition, yam was also found to increase the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and decrease the malondialdehyde (MDA) level on the brains of D-gal treated mice. Finally, the amount of diosgenin in the yam was 5.49 mg/g extract. To sum up, these results indicate that yam had the potential to be a useful treatment for cognitive impairment in TCM. Its beneficial effect may be partly mediated via enhancing endogenous antioxidant enzymatic activities.

Isoflurane-induced miR-140-5p aggravates neurotoxicity in diabetic rats by targeting SNX12

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongyi Fan ◽  
Simin Yang ◽  
Yuxiang Han ◽  
Ru Zhang ◽  
Lukun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Luciferase Activity Assay ◽  
Novel Target ◽  
Isoflurane Treatment

Objectives: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are widely known as critical regulators in isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity during the development of brain. Isoflurane could aggravate cognitive impairment in diabetic rats. The present study was designed to explore the role and mechanism of miR-140-5p on isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetic rats model was established by injection of streptozotocin (STZ) and identified by Morris water maze test. Expression of miR-140-5p in diabetic rats under isoflurane treatment was evaluated via qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction). Latency to platform and time spent in the target quadrant were calculated to detect the effect of miR-140-5p on neurotoxicity. The potential target for miR-140-5p was validated via dual luciferase activity assay. Results: Morris water maze test indicated that isoflurane treatment exacerbated STZ-induced cognitive impairment, as demonstrated by increase of latency to platform and decrease of time spent in the target quadrant. MiR-140-5p was up-regulated in diabetic rats under isoflurane treatment. Moreover, knockdown of miR-140-5p attenuated neurotoxicity in diabetic rats. Mechanistically, we found that miR-140-5p could directly bind to SNX12 (sorting nexin 12). The neuroprotective effect of miR-140-5p against isoflurane-aggravated neurotoxicity in diabetic rats dependent on up-regulation of SNX12 and inhibition of cell apoptosis. Conclusions: Knockdown of miR-140-5p relieved isoflurane-aggravated neurotoxicity in diabetic rats through targeting SNX12, suggesting a novel target for neuroprotection in diabetes under isoflurane treatment.

scholarly journals Spade Leaf Extract Phytosome Modulates Krox-20, Neuregulinـ1, Phospholipids, and Cognitive Function of Traumatic Brain Injury Model in Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alif Fariz Jazmi ◽  
Putri Fitri Alfiantya ◽  
Sitti Ayu Hemas Nurarifah ◽  
Erlin Aditia Purmitasari ◽  
Lilin Andreas Vitania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Maze Test

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a disorder of the central nervous system due to head trauma. TBI can damage nerve membrane phospholipids and decrease protein synthesis of neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) because of the transcription factor Krox-20. These conditions cause the lowering in nerve re-myelination which contribute to the decline of cognitive function. In Indonesia, citicoline is a neuroprotective drug that widely used to repair and prevent further damage of the nerve cells membrane caused by trauma. Spade leaf (Centella asiatica) extract phytosome (SEP) is a model of drug delivery system which expected to enhance the therapeutic effects as neuroprotective drug. This study aims to demonstrate and compare the effectiveness from SEP and citicoline as a neuroprotective characterized by increasing the activation of Krox-20, the expression of NRG-1, the distribution of phospholipids, and the improvement of cognitive levels on TBI-induced rats. Rats were divided into 5 groups namely: control (-); control (+); treatment with SEP 90mg/kgBW; citicoline 250mg/kgBW, and SEP in combination with citicoline. Krox-20, NRG-1, and phospholipids expression were measured by immunohistochemical assay, while cognitive function were assessed with the Morris Water Maze test. According to ANOVA test results, it was showed that SEP improved the nerve cells through the activation of Krox-20, NRG-1 expression, and distribution of phospholipids significantly (p <0.05). Based on Morris Water Maze test, SEP also improved the cognitive function in TBI-induced rats. Thus, it can be concluded that spade leaf extract phytosome combined with citicoline increase a higher phospholipids distribution and give the fastest time in the cognitive tests compared with of spade leaf extract phytosome and citicoline alone.Keywords : NRG-1, Krox-20, phospholipids, phytosome, Centella asiatica.

scholarly journals Musical Electroacupuncture May Be a Better Choice than Electroacupuncture in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Jiang ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
Suhua Shi ◽  
Zhigang Li
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Samp8 Mice

Objectives. To compare musical electroacupuncture and electroacupuncture in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease.Methods. In this study, 7.5-month-old male senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice were used as an Alzheimer’s disease animal model. In the normal control paradigm, 7.5-month-old male SAMR1 mice were used as the blank control group (N group). After 15 days of treatment, using Morris water maze test, micro-PET, and immunohistochemistry, the differences among the musical electroacupuncture (MEA), electroacupuncture (EA), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and normal (N) groups were assessed.Results. The Morris water maze test, micro-PET, and immunohistochemistry revealed that MEA and EA therapies could improve spatial learning and memory ability, glucose metabolism level in the brain, and Aβamyloid content in the frontal lobe, compared with the AD group (P<0.05). Moreover, MEA therapy performed better than EA treatment in decreasing amyloid-beta levels in the frontal lobe of mice with AD.Conclusion. MEA therapy may be superior to EA in treating Alzheimer’s disease as demonstrated in SAMP8 mice.

Protective Effects of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. Alkaloids on Alzheimer's Disease-like Symptoms Induced by High-methionine Diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Pi ◽  
Guangping Lang ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Jingshan Shi
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Cpg Island ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Dendrobium Nobile ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Neuron Damage ◽  
Cpg Island Methylation

Background: High methionine-diet (HMD) causes Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like symptoms. Previous studies have shown that Dendrobium nobile Lindle. alkaloids (DNLA) had potential benefits for AD. Object: Whether DNLA can improve AD-like symptoms induced by HMD is to be explored. Method: Mice were fed with 2% HMD diet for 11 weeks, the DNLA20 control group (20 mg/kg), DNLA10 group (10 mg/kg), and DNLA20 group (20 mg/kg) were administrated with DNLA for 3 months. Morris water maze test was used to detect learning and memory ability. Neuron damage was evaluated by HE and Nissl stainings. Levels of homocysteine (Hcy), beta-amyloid 1-42 (Aβ1-42), S-adenosine methionine (SAM), and S-adenosine homocysteine (SAH) were detected by ELISA. Immunofluorescence and western blotting (WB) were used to determine the expression of proteins. CPG island methylation. Results: Morris water maze test revealed that DNLA improved learning and memory dysfunction. HE, Nissl, and immunofluorescence stainings showed that DNLA alleviated neuron damage and reduced the 5-methylcytosine (5-mC), Aβ1-40, and Aβ1-42 levels. DNLA also decreased the levels of Hcy and Aβ1-42 in the serum, along with decreased SAM/SAH levels in the liver tissue. WB results showed that DNLA down-regulated the expression of the amyloid-precursor protein (APP), presenilin-1 (PS1), beta-secretase-1 (BACE1), DNA methyltransferase1 (DNMT1), Aβ1-40, and Aβ1-42 proteins. DNLA also up-regulated the expression of the protein of insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), neprilysin (NEP), DNMT3a, and DNMT3b. Meanwhile, DNLA increased CPG island methylation levels of APP and BACE1 genes. Conclusions: DNLA alleviated AD-like symptoms induced by HMD via the DNA methylation pathway.

Soybean Isoflavones Influences Learning and Memory and Caspase-3 Levels in the Hippocampus of Rats after MWM Test

2013 ◽  
Vol 411-414 ◽  
pp. 3178-3180
Author(s):  
Li Hai Jin ◽  
Xing Yu Zhao ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Guo Qing Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Soybean Isoflavones ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Intermediate Dose

We assessed the effectiveness and mechanism of action of Soybean Isoflavones on learning and memory and Caspase-3 levels in the hippocampus of rats after Morris water maze (MWM test). Soybean Isoflavones (200,400 or 800 mg/kg/d) were administered by intragavage once daily for 14 consecutive days. The Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the ability of Soybean Isoflavones to increase learning and memory impairment. The levels of Caspase-3 in hippocampus of rats were detected by Westernblot after MWM test. Compared to untreated controls (P<0.01), MWM could be prolonged after Soybean Isoflavones treatment (P<0.05 for="" low="" and="" intermediate="" dose="" groups="" westernblot="" analysis="" showed="" that="" the="" protein="" expression="" of="" caspase-3="" was="" decreased="" in="" different="" concentration="" soybean="" isoflavones="" i="">P<0.05 and="" i="">P<0.01, respectively). The results suggest that Soybean Isoflavones is effective in improving the learning and memory in rats , the mechanism of which may be related Caspase ways.

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