scholarly journals Solubility, correlation, dissolution thermodynamics and preferential solvation of meloxicam in aqueous mixtures of 2-propanol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darío A Tinjacá ◽  
Fleming Martinez ◽  
Ovidio A Almanza ◽  
Abolghasem Jouyban ◽  
William E Acree
Keyword(s):  
Gibbs Energy ◽  
Preferential Solvation ◽  
Mixed Solvents ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Thermodynamic Quantities ◽  
Aqueous Mixtures ◽  
Mixing Processes ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Homogeneous Liquid ◽  
Rich Mixtures

Background: Meloxicam is a powerful analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug widely prescribed by physicians in current therapeutics. Because of the very low aqueous equilibrium solubility of meloxicam, this property has been studied in {2-propanol + water} mixtures from (293.15 to 313.15) K to expand the solubility database about pharmaceutical compounds in mixed solvents useful for homogeneous liquid dosage forms design. Methods: Flask shaken method and UV-vis spectrophotometry were used for meloxicam solubility determinations. Jouyban-Acree model was challenged for solubility correlation. The van’t Hoff and Gibbs equations were employed here to calculate the respective apparent standard thermodynamic quantities for the dissolution and mixing processes, namely Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy. In addition, the inverse Kirkwood-Buff integrals were employed to compute the preferential solvation parameters of meloxicam by 2-propanol in the mixtures. Results: Meloxicam solubility increases with temperature arising and maximum solubilities are observed in the mixture of x1 = 0.70 at all temperatures. Jouyban-Acree model correlates the meloxicam solubility very well. Dissolution processes were endothermic in all cases and entropy-driven in the interval 0.20 ≤ x1 ≤ 1.00. Non-linear enthalpy–entropy relationship was observed in the plot of enthalpy vs. Gibbs energy exhibiting negative but variant slopes in the composition region 0.00 < x1 < 0.40 and variant negative and positive slopes in the other mixtures. Meloxicam is preferentially solvated by water in water-rich mixtures, it is apparently solvated by water in 2-propanol-rich mixtures, but it is preferentially solvated by 2-propanol in the composition interval of 0.19 < x1 < 0.78. Conclusion: Solid-liquid equilibrium of meloxicam in {2-propanol + water} mixtures has been studied at several temperatures as a contribution to preformulation studies of homogeneous liquid pharmaceutical dosage forms based on this drug.

Determination of pKa Values of Some Antipsychotic Drugs by HPLC—Correlations with the Kamlet and Taft Solvatochromic Parameters and HPLC Analysis in Dosage Forms

2013 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senem Sanli ◽  
Ediha Kmese ◽  
Yuksel Altun
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Preferential Solvation ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Retention Factor ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Solvatochromic Parameters ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Pka Values

Abstract In this study, ionization constant (pKa) values were determined by using the dependence of the retention factor on the pH of the mobile phase for four ionizable drugs, namely, risperidone (RI), clozapine (CL), olanzapine (OL), and sertindole (SE). The effect of the mobile phase composition on the pKa was studied by measuring the pKa at different acetonitrile–water mixtures in an HPLC-UV method. To explain the variation of the pKa values obtained over the whole composition range studied, the quasi-lattice quasi-chemical theory of preferential solvation was applied. The pKa values of drugs were correlated with the Kamlet and Taft solvatochromic parameters. Kamlet and Taft's general equation was reduced to two terms by using combined factor analysis and target factor analysis in these mixtures: the independent term and the hydrogen-bond donating ability α. The HPLC-UV method was successfully applied for the determination of RI, OL, and SE in pharmaceutical dosage forms. CL was chosen as an internal standard. Additionally, the repeatability, reproducibility, selectivity, precision, and accuracy of the method in all media were investigated and calculated.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Alendronate Sodium by using Sodium-1,2-Naphthoquinone-4-Sulphonate

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1563-1568
Author(s):  
Sagar Suman Panda ◽  
Ravi Kumar B V V ◽  
D Patanaik
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Absorption Maximum ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Alendronate Sodium ◽  
Colored Complex ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Recovery Study ◽  
Assay Conditions

A simple, precise and accurate spectrophotometric method was developed for analysis of the osteoporesis drug alendronate sodium (ALS). The method is based on reaction of the drug with sodium-1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulphonate (NQS) in presence of alkali to form a brown colored complex giving absorption maximum at 525 nm. The drug obeyed Beer’s law in the range of 5-70 µg/ml with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The LOD and LOQ values are 1.7 µg/ml and 5.0 µg/ml, respectively. The average recoveries for recovery study were found to be in the range of 99.37%-100.46%. The R.S.D. values for intraday and inter-day precision were found to be 0.48 and 0.62, respectively. The optimized assay conditions were applied successfully for determination of ALS in pharmaceutical dosage forms. No interference was observed from the excipients present in the dosage form. The method is statistically validated as per the ICH requirements.  

Electroanalytical Methods for Determination of Calcium Channel Blockers

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Ağın
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Calcium Channel Blockers ◽  
Channel Blocker ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Electroanalytical Methods ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Ischemic Heart Diseases

Background:Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) are widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular and ischemic heart diseases in recent years. They treat arrhythmias by reducing cardiac cycle contraction and also benefit ischemic heart diseases. Electroanalytical methods are very powerful analytical methods used in the pharmaceutical industry because of the determination of therapeutic agents and/or their metabolites in clinical samples at extremely low concentrations (10-50 ng/ml). The purpose of this review is to gather electroanalytical methods used for the determination of calcium channel blocker drugs in pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological media selected mainly from current articles.Methods:This review mainly includes recent determination studies of calcium channel blockers by electroanalytical methods from pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological samples. The studies of calcium channel blockers electroanalytical determination in the literature were reviewed and interpreted.Results:There are a lot of studies on amlodipine and nifedipine, but the number of studies on benidipine, cilnidipine, felodipine, isradipine, lercanidipine, lacidipine, levamlodipine, manidipine, nicardipine, nilvadipine, nimodipine, nisoldipine, nitrendipine, diltiazem, and verapamil are limited in the literature. In these studies, DPV and SWV are the most used methods. The other methods were used less for the determination of calcium channel blocker drugs.Conclusion:Electroanalytical methods especially voltammetric methods supply reproducible and reliable results for the analysis of the analyte. These methods are simple, more sensitive, rapid and inexpensive compared to the usually used spectroscopic and chromatographic methods.

An Overview of Excipients Classification and Their Use in Pharmaceuticals

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cansel Kose Ozkan ◽  
Ozgur Esim ◽  
Ayhan Savaser ◽  
Yalcin Ozkan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Form ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Product Identification ◽  
Direct Administration ◽  
Active Substances

: The content and the application of pharmaceutical dosage forms must meet several basic requirements to ensure and maintain efficiency, safety and quality. A large number of active substances have limited ability to direct administration. Excipients are generally used to overcome the limitation of direct administration of these active substances. However, the function, behavior and composition of the excipients need to be well known in the design, development and production of pharmaceutical dosage forms. In this review, excipients used to assist in any pharmaceutical dosage form production processes of drugs, to preserve, promote or increase stability, bioavailability and patient compliance, to assist in product identification / separation, or to enhance overall safety and effectiveness of the drug delivery system during storage or use are explained. Moreover, the use of these excipients in drug delivery systems are identified. Excipient toxicity, which is an issue discussed in the light of current studies, also discussed in this review.

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