Prácticas culturales colaborativas y sociabilidad débil. Una caracterización a partir de experiencias autogestivas en Tijuana y Monterrey, México

Although research on collaborative artistic projects and practices tend to emphasize the social ties and even the production of communities that they enact, normally, this very research does not pay attention to the singularity of the forms of sociality produced. This article engages in a double task –namely, a theoretical definition and an analytical application– derived from the fieldwork undertaken in the Mexican cities of Tijuana and Monterrey by means of which we developed the notion of “weak sociality” to name the modes of relationships produced by cultural actors from civil society enrolled in independent spaces or projects. We hold that the sociality these strategies produce is conflictive, ephemeral, spatially bound and affective. Both, our theoretical stance as well as our fieldwork findings will make us conclude that the relationships produced in this microspaces –where conflict is productive, ephemerality means open ended negotiations and affect implies care– work as an unavoidable process for the politicization of artistic collaborative practice in the neoliberal city. Si bien la investigación sobre prácticas y proyectos artísticos colaborativos suele enfatizar los lazos sociales e, incluso, la producción de comunidad que estos generan, es frecuente que no se atienda a la singularidad de las formas de sociabilidad que ahí se articulan. Este artículo propone un doble ejercicio, de definición teórica y de aplicación analítica, a partir del trabajo empírico realizado en las ciudades mexicanas de Tijuana y Monterrey. En nuestro análisis proponemos la noción de “sociabilidad débil” para nombrar los modos de relación producidos por agentes culturales de la sociedad civil en espacios o proyectos independientes. Sostenemos, así, que la sociabilidad que producen estas estrategias es conflictiva, efímera, espacialmente delimitada y afectiva. Tanto nuestra postura teórica como los hallazgos de nuestro trabajo de campo nos llevarán a concluir que las relaciones gestadas en estos microespacios –donde el conflicto es productivo, lo efímero predispone a la negociación y el afecto es cuidado– operan como un proceso imprescindible para la politización de las prácticas artísticas colaborativas en la ciudad neoliberal.

Electrochemical Sensors Based on the Electropolymerized Natural Phenolic Antioxidants and Their Analytical Application

The design and fabrication of novel electrochemical sensors with high analytical and operational characteristics are one of the sustainable trends in modern analytical chemistry. Polymeric film formation by the electropolymerization of suitable monomers is one of the methods of sensors fabrication. Among a wide range of the substances able to polymerize, the phenolic ones are of theoretical and practical interest. The attention is focused on the sensors based on the electropolymerized natural phenolic antioxidants and their analytical application. The typical electropolymerization reaction schemes are discussed. Phenol electropolymerization leads to insulating coverage formation. Therefore, a combination of electropolymerized natural phenolic antioxidants and carbon nanomaterials as modifiers is of special interest. Carbon nanomaterials provide conductivity and a high working surface area of the electrode, while the polymeric film properties affect the selectivity and sensitivity of the sensor response for the target analyte or the group of structurally related compounds. The possibility of guided changes in the electrochemical response for the improvement of target compounds’ analytical characteristics has appeared. The analytical capabilities of sensors based on electropolymerized natural phenolic antioxidants and their future development in this field are discussed.

A Theory for Parsimonious Voice-Leading Classes

This article introduces a theoretical-analytical model intended to address voice leading in popular music, considering specifically harmonic progressions characterized by dense chordal formations and smooth voicing connections, which is perfectly epitomized in Antonio Carlos Jobim's compositions. New concepts, typologies, preference rules, graphic representations, specific terminology/symbology, as well as an integrated analytical model provide the necessary foundation for the elaboration of a system of classes of parsimonious voice leading (PVL), which form the very core of the proposal. Some analytical application is provided in the last section of the article with the exam of five excerpts of Jobim’s compositions.

Recent advances on bipolar electrochemiluminescence in analytical application

Background: Bipolar electrode (BPE), as an immersed electrical conductor in the electrolyte, can be polarized into cathodic and anodic poles under a sufficient electric field without direct contact, which affords a unique way to promote asymmetrical reactions at two poles. Up to date, bipolar electrochemistry has been widely used in the preparation of Janus materials, the fabrication of sensing/screening platforms, target focusing, and microswimmers. However, the wireless feature of BPE makes the monitoring of Faradaic current difficult. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL), the light emission via an electrochemical reaction, matches the feature of bipolar electrochemistry and is widely adopted to achieve the recording of the Faradaic current flowing through the BPE. The objective of the present review aims to demonstrate the most recent advances of analytical applications (2016-2020) in combination with the high sensitive ECL as the output. Methods: Due to the difficulty in recording the Faradaic current flowing the BPE, the ECL, as a simple, sensitive and detectable signal-out, has become a popular method for analytical application based on the BPE. This review mainly summarizes the recent research on BPE/ECL based on the configuration and sensing principle of BPE designed in the ECL analysis. Results: The various sensors based on the BPE/ECL have been proposed for the electroactive targets and the bio-relevant molecules without the electroactivity by different ingenious designs. Besides, the microelectrode array and ultra-microelectrode (UME) array have also been applied in the BPE/ECL field to achieve the high temporal-spatial resolution imaging of the sample molecules based on the BPE microelectrode array. Conclusion: The combination of BPE and ECL provides a simple, portable, and versatile sensor strategy for various targets due to the unique advantages of BPE and ECL, and easily recognizes the fast, accurate, and point-of-care diagnostics of numerous diseases. Though the BPE/ECL analysis has many merits such as high-throughput, excellent sensitivity, high spatial-temporal resolution, the sensitive and commercial ECL analysis based on the BPE is still difficult to conduct and the analysis research on BPE/ECL is still in the early stage.