scholarly journals Jurassic - Lower Cretaceous of the Danish Central Trough; - depositional environments, tectonism, and reservoirs

1987 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 1-45
Author(s):  
Olaf Michelsen ◽  
Niels Frandsen ◽  
Lise Holm ◽  
Thorkild Feldthusen Jensen ◽  
Jens Jørgen Møller ◽  
...  

A revised model for the Jurassic - Early Cretaceous basin development in the Danish Central Trough is described on the basis of new studies of the bio- and lithostratigraphy and sedimentological and seismic data. The trough has been subdivided into a number of areas, each characterized by specific structural evolution. Middle Jurassic fluvio-deltaic and coastal sands follow the mid Cimmerian unconformity and probably cover large parts of the trough. Right-lateral movements, initiated during the Late Jurassic along WNWESE trending faults, caused fault controlled basin subsidence. The Jurassic and early Early Cretaceous sedimentation were dominated and characterized by clay. More than 4000 m of clay were deposited. Organic carbon rich clays were deposited from the Kimmeridgian until the Late Ryazanian, when deposition of organic carbon poor sediments under oxygenated conditions commenced. During the Late Jurassic transgression coastal sands were deposited along tectonically quiet basin margins. Sands deposited from density currents accumulated along tectonically active margins at the Jurassic-Cretaceous transition. More centrally in the basins, more distal turbidite deposits of Late Jurassic age may be present. Early Cretaceous basin expansion caused by elevation of the sea-level led to decreasing siliciclastic deposition rates and hence to more calcareous sediment types. Contemporaneously basin subsidence decreased. At mid Hauterivian time the importance of differential subsidence governed by left-lateral transtensional wrenching along NNW-SSE trending faults decreased. This change was accompanied by a mild inversion controlled by NNW-SSE directed right-lateral transpression, heralding regional subsidence. Following this inversion chalk was deposited in almost the entire trough area. Later, during the Barremian and Aptian anoxia in the basin caused deposition of marls rich in organic carbon, followed by marls deposited under oxygenated conditions during the Albian transgression. The distribution and character of possible reservoir bodies are discussed.

Fossil Record ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Aberhan ◽  
Robert Bussert ◽  
Wolf-Dieter Heinrich ◽  
Eckhart Schrank ◽  
Stephan Schultka ◽  
...  

Fossil Record ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Aberhan ◽  
R. Bussert ◽  
W.-D. Heinrich ◽  
E. Schrank ◽  
S. Schultka ◽  
...  

The Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Tendaguru Beds (Tanzania, East Africa) have been well known for nearly a century for their diverse dinosaur assemblages. Here, we present sedimentological and palaeontological data collected by the German-Tanzanian Tendaguru Expedition 2000 in an attempt to reconstruct the palaeo-ecosystems of the Tendaguru Beds at their type locality. Our reconstructions are based on sedimentological data and on a palaeoecological analysis of macroinvertebrates, microvertebrates, plant fossils and microfossils (ostracods, foraminifera, charophytes, palynomorphs). In addition, we included data from previous expeditions, particularly those on the dinosaur assemblages. <br><br> The environmental model of the Tendaguru Beds presented herein comprises three broad palaeoenvironmental units in a marginal marine setting: (1) Lagoon-like, shallow marine environments above fair weather wave base and with evidence of tides and storms. These formed behind barriers such as ooid bar and siliciclastic sand bar complexes and were generally subject to minor salinity fluctuations. (2) Extended tidal flats and low-relief coastal plains. These include low-energy, brackish coastal lakes and ponds as well as pools and small fluvial channels of coastal plains in which the large dinosaurs were buried. Since these environments apparently were, at best, poorly vegetated, the main feeding grounds of giant sauropods must have been elsewhere. Presumably, tidal flats and coastal plains were visited by dinosaurs primarily during periods of drought. (3) Vegetated hinterland. Vegetation of this environment can only be inferred indirectly from plant material transported into the other depositional environments. Vegetation was dominated by a diverse conifer flora, which apparently formed part of the food source of large herbivorous sauropods. Evidence from various sources suggests a subtropical to tropical palaeoclimate, characterised by seasonal rainfall alternating with a pronounced dry season during the Late Jurassic. In Early Cretaceous times, sedimentological and palaeontological proxies suggest a climatic shift towards more humid conditions. <br><br> Die Tendaguru-Schichten von Tansania in Ostafrika (Oberjura bis Unterkreide) sind als Lagerstätte oberjurassischer Dinosaurier seit nahezu einem Jahrhundert weltweit bekannt. Anhand von sedimentologischen und paläontologischen Daten, die während der Deutsch-Tansanischen Tendaguru Expedition 2000 im Typus-Gebiet der Tendaguru-Schichten gewonnen wurden, werden Paläo-Ökosysteme rekonstruiert. Grundlage der Rekonstruktionen sind die Auswertung sedimentologischer Daten sowie die paläo-ökologische Analyse von Makroinvertebraten, Mikrovertebraten, pflanzlichen Fossilien und Mikrofossilien (Ostrakoden, Foraminiferen, Charophyten, Palynomorphen). Darüber hinaus werden Informationen über Dinosaurier berücksichtigt, die bei früheren Expeditionen gewonnen wurden. <br><br> Das hier vorgestellte Ablagerungsmodell der Tendaguru-Schichten umfaßt drei Teilbereiche eines randlich marinen Sedimentationsraumes, die wie folgt gekennzeichnet werden können: (1) Lagunen-artige, marine Flachwasserbereiche, die oberhalb der Schönwetter-Wellenbasis lagen und unter deutlichem Einfluß von Gezeiten und Stürmen standen. Sie waren vom offenen Meer durch Barrieren, wie Ooidbarren und siliziklastischen Sandbarrenkomplexen, getrennt und wiesen einen leicht schwankenden Salzgehalt auf. (2) Ausgedehnte Wattgebiete und flache Küstenebenen. Dort befanden sich niedrig-energetische, brackische Strandseen und Teiche sowie Tümpel und kleinere Flußrinnen, in denen die großen Dinosaurier eingebettet wurden. Da diese Lebensräume bestenfalls dürftig bewachsen waren, müssen die Nahrungsquellen und der eigentliche Lebensraum der riesigen Sauropoden anderswo gelegen haben. Vermutlich wurden die Wattgebiete und Flachküsten von Dinosauriern vorrangig in den Trockenzeiten aufgesucht. (3) Bewachsenes Hinterland. Die Vegetation dieses Lebensraumes kann nur indirekt aus Pflanzenresten erschlossen werden, die in die anderen Ablagerungsraume transportiert wurden. Die Vegetation wurde von einer diversen Koniferenflora dominiert, die zumindest teilweise die Nahrungsgrundlage der großen, herbivoren Sauropoden bildete. Sedimentologische und paläontologische Indikatoren sprechen für ein subtropisches bis tropisches Klima wahrend der späten Jurazeit mit einem jahreszeitlichen Wechsel von Regenfällen und ausgeprägten Trockenzeiten. In der frühen Kreidezeit deutet sich ein Wechsel zu starker humiden Bedingungen an. <br><br> doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmng.20020050103" target="_blank">10.1002/mmng.20020050103</a>


2020 ◽  
Vol 157 (8) ◽  
pp. 1238-1264
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Nirta ◽  
Martin Aberhan ◽  
Valerio Bortolotti ◽  
Nicolaos Carras ◽  
Francesco Menna ◽  
...  

AbstractAlong the Dinaric–Hellenic orogen, the Late Jurassic – Early Cretaceous ophiolite obduction over the Adria continental margin was sealed by sedimentation of clastic terrestrial deposits rapidly followed by a widespread carbonate platform system since the Early Cretaceous period. These Cretaceous sediments presently crop out over areas of varying extension, from several hundred kilometre wide undeformed continuous covers to small-scale tectonic slivers involved in the tectonic stack following the latest Cretaceous–Palaeogene collision. These deposits are unconformably sedimented above the units formed by the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous nappe stacking above the eastern Adria continental margin. We studied these deposits in a large area between western Serbia and eastern Bosnia. In the studied area, these deposits are divided into three lithostratigraphic groups according to their age, depositional environment and type of underlying basement. The Mokra Gora Group sediments (upper Aptian–Maastrichtian) were deposited on top of previously obducted and weathered ophiolites, the Kosjerić Group (Cenomanian–Campanian) overlies composite tectonic units comprising obducted ophiolites and their underlying continental basement portions, while the Guča Group (Campanian–Maastrichtian) exclusively rests on top of continental basement. The reconstructed sedimentary evolution of these groups, together with the comparison with the syn- and post-obduction deposits at the front of the ophiolitic nappe(s) in a wider area of the internal Dinarides (e.g. Pogari Group and Bosnian flysch), allowed us to clarify the obduction mechanisms, including their tectonic context, the changes in depositional environments and the timing of depositional and tectonic events, and, in a wider view, shed light on the geodynamic evolution of the Dinaric belt.


2021 ◽  
pp. M57-2018-19
Author(s):  
Alf Eivind Ryseth ◽  
Dominique Similox-Tohon ◽  
Olaf Thieβen

AbstractThe Tromsø - Bjørnøya composite tectono-sedimentary element in the southwestern Barents Sea comprises strata of Late Paleozoic - Paleocene age. Since the Paleozoic Caledonian orogeny, the structural evolution of the CTSE is mainly related to extension, culminating in Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous hyperextension. Some compressive deformation observed during Late Cretaceous - Paleogene times may relate to activity in the North Atlantic prior to the Early Eocene onset of sea floor spreading between Norway and Greenland.The sedimentary succession may be up to 14 km thick. It comprises Late Paleozoic continental facies, followed by carbonates, evaporites and eventually cherts and marine clastic material. The overlying Triassic - Paleocene succession is entirely siliciclastic, reflecting Triassic - Middle Jurassic deltaic and shallow marine conditions followed by deeper marine conditions during Late Jurassic - Paleocene times.Primary reservoirs are encountered in the latest Triassic - Middle Jurassic succession, with secondary reservoirs found in Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous syn-rift succession, and in Paleocene strata. The primary source rock for petroleum is of Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous age. Other source rocks include strata of Triassic and Barremian age, and a recently observed unit of Cenomanian - Early Turonian age.


Fossil Record ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Aberhan ◽  
Robert Bussert ◽  
Wolf-Dieter Heinrich ◽  
Eckhart Schrank ◽  
Stephan Schultka ◽  
...  

Fossil Record ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.-D. Heinrich ◽  
R. Bussert ◽  
M. Aberhan ◽  
O. Hampe ◽  
S. Kapilima ◽  
...  

The celebrated fossil locality of Tendaguru (Tanzania, East Africa) has been well known for its unique Late Jurassic dinosaur assemblages since the early decades of the 20th century. Recently, within the scope of the German-Tanzanian Tendaguru project, an expedition returned to Tendaguru with the aim of collecting microvertebrates, micro- and macroinvertebrates, plant fossils and new sedimentological and stratigraphical data. Applying a multidisciplinary research approach, the data collected were used to address various controversial issues regarding the Tendaguru Beds. These include their exact age, depositional environments and reconstructions of the palaeoecosystems in which the dinosaurs lived. <br><br> Field work resulted in a new standard section for the Tendaguru Beds. Preliminary biostratigraphic results, based on ammonites, charophytes and palynomorphs, support a Late Kimmeridgian age for the <i>Nerinea</i> Bed, an early Tithonian age for the <i>Trigonia smeei</i> Bed, and an Early Cretaceous (possibly Valanginian to Hauterivian) age for the <i>Trigonia schwarzi</i> Bed. Facies analysis of the Tendaguru Beds indicates environments ranging from storm- and tide-influenced, siliciclastic coastal barrier systems, ooid sand bar complexes and backbarrier tidal flats to sabkha-like coastal plains with brackish lakes and pools. Sedimentological indicators of palaeoclimate and palynological data point to a subtropical to tropical climate with pronounced dry seasons. In concert with sedimentological data, quantitative palaeoecological analysis of macroinvertebrates helped to finetune understanding of environmental factors such as substrate conditions, salinity, sedimentation rate and water depth. Along with abundant microvertebrate remains and fragments of fusain and cuticles, these new data have considerably improved our knowledge of the fauna and flora found in the Tendaguru Beds, and provide a solid basis for developing a better understanding of the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous Tendaguru palaeoecosystems. <br><br> To put the German-Tanzanian Tendaguru expedition in perspective, a brief review of previous activities is given and future research objectives are outlined. <br><br> Die berühmte Fossilfundstätte Tendaguru (Tansania, Ostafrika) ist seit Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts weltweit für ihre Dinosaurier aus der späten Jura-Zeit bekannt. Im Rahmen des Deutsch-Tansanischen Tendaguru Projekts fand im August und September 2000 eine Expedition in die Umgebung des Tendaguru-Hügels statt. Ziel der Expedition war es, umfangreiche Fossilaufsammlungen von Mikrovertebraten, Mikro- und Makroinvertebraten und pflanzlichen Fossilien durchzuführen und neue sedimentologische und stratigraphische Daten aufzunehmen. Unter Anwendung eines interdisziplinären Forschungsansatzes wurden mit den gesammelten Daten verschiedene, bisher kontrovers diskutierte Aspekte der Tendaguru-Schichten untersucht. Offene Fragen umfassten die genaue Alterseinstufung, eine Interpretation der Ablagerungsräume und die Rekonstruktion der Paläoökosysteme, in denen die Dinosaurier lebten. <br><br> Die erste Auswertung der Geländedaten führte zu einem neuen Standardprofil für die Tendaguru-Schichten. Vorläufige biostratigraphische Ergebnisse, die auf Ammoniten, Charophyten und Palynomorphen basieren, sprechen für ein Ober-Kimmeridgium Alter der Nerineen Schicht, Unteres Tithonium für die <i>Trigonia smeei</i> Schicht und Untere Kreide (möglicherweise Valanginium bis Hauterivium) für die <i>Trigonia schwarzi</i> Schicht. Die Lebens- und Ablagerungsräume der Tendaguru-Schichten reichten von sturm- und gezeitenbeeinflussten, küstennahen, siliziklastischen Barrieresystemen und Kalkooid-Barren über ausgedehnte Wattflächen bis zu sabkha-artigen Küstenebenen mit brackischen Seen und Tümpeln. Sedimentologische Anzeiger des Paläoklimas und palynologische Daten sprechen für ein subtropisches bis tropisches Klima mit ausgeprägten Trockenzeiten. Im Verbund mit sedimentologischen Daten ermöglicht die quantitative paläoökologische Analyse der Makroinvertebraten eine genauere Charakterisierung wichtiger physikalischer Umweltparameter wie Substrateigenschaften. Salinität. Sedimentationsrate und Bathymetrie. Zusammen mit den häufig vorkommenden Mikrovertebraten und Bruchstücken von Fusit und Cuticulen haben diese neu gewonnenen Daten die Kenntnisse über die Faunen und Floren der Tendaguru-Schichten erheblich erweitert und liefern die Basis für ein besseres Verständnis der in den Ablagerungen dokumentierten Ökosysteme aus Jura- und Kreidezeit. <br><br> Neben einem kurzen Abriss der Forschungsgeschichte werden die für die Zukunft geplanten Forschungsaktivitäten dargestellt. <br><br> doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmng.20010040113" target="_blank">10.1002/mmng.20010040113</a>


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G. Ogg ◽  
◽  
Chunju Huang ◽  
Chunju Huang ◽  
Linda A. Hinnov ◽  
...  

2009 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. KNOLL ◽  
J. I. RUIZ-OMEÑACA

AbstractThe theropod teeth from the Berriasian (Early Cretaceous) site of Anoual (N Morocco) are described. The assemblage is important in that it comes from one of the very few dinosaur sites of this age globally and the only one for the whole of Gondwana. The theropod teeth from Anoual are morphologically diverse. Most of the material possibly belongs to the clade Dromaeosauridae, which would be an early occurrence for this taxon. The palaeogeographic position of Anoual enables it to provide data on the dispersal events that affected terrestrial faunas during Mesozoic times. A Laurasian influence is evidenced by the presence of Velociraptorinae and, on the whole, the theropod fauna from Anoual provides support for the existence of a trans-Tethyan passage allowing terrestrial faunal interchanges during Late Jurassic and/or earliest Cretaceous times. Additionally, Anoual records the existence of diminutive theropods. However, it cannot yet be determined whether the small size of the specimens is genetic or ontogenetic.


2021 ◽  
pp. 100067
Author(s):  
Panchala Weerakoon ◽  
Harinam Joshi ◽  
Neha Aggarwal ◽  
Neerja Jha ◽  
Hetti Arachchige Hemachandra Jayasena ◽  
...  

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