Post-Hurricane Michael damage assessment using ADCIRC storm surge hindcast, image classification, and LiDAR

Shore & Beach ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Davis ◽  
Diana Mitsova ◽  
Tynon Briggs ◽  
Tiffany Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Magnetic Current ◽  
Coastal Mapping ◽  
Electro Magnetic

Wave forcing from hurricanes, nor’easters, and energetic storms can cause erosion of the berm and beach face resulting in increased vulnerability of dunes and coastal infrastructure. LIDAR or other surveying techniques have quantified post-event morphology, but there is a lack of in situ hydrodynamic and morphodynamic measurements during extreme storm events. Two field studies were conducted in March 2018 and April 2019 at Bethany Beach, Delaware, where in situ hydrodynamic and morphodynamic measurements were made during a nor’easter (Nor’easter Riley) and an energetic storm (Easter Eve Storm). An array of sensors to measure water velocity, water depth, water elevation and bed elevation were mounted to scaffold pipes and deployed in a single cross-shore transect. Water velocity was measured using an electro-magnetic current meter while water and bed elevations were measured using an acoustic distance meter along with an algorithm to differentiate between the water and bed during swash processes. GPS profiles of the beach face were measured during every day-time low tide throughout the storm events. Both accretion and erosion were measured at different cross-shore positions and at different times during the storm events. Morphodynamic change along the back-beach was found to be related to berm erosion, suggesting an important morphologic feedback mechanism. Accumulated wave energy and wave energy flux per unit area between Nor’easter Riley and a recent mid-Atlantic hurricane (Hurricane Dorian) were calculated and compared. Coastal Observations: JALBTCX/NCMP emergency-response airborne Lidar coastal mapping & quick response data products for 2016/2017/2018 hurricane impact assessments

scholarly journals In situ hydrodynamic and morphodynamic measurements during extreme storm events

Shore & Beach ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Stanford Borrell ◽  
Jack Puleo
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Magnetic Current ◽  
Bed Elevation ◽  
Extreme Storm ◽  
Electro Magnetic

Wave forcing from hurricanes, nor’easters, and energetic storms can cause erosion of the berm and beach face resulting in increased vulnerability of dunes and coastal infrastructure. LIDAR or other surveying techniques have quantified post-event morphology, but there is a lack of in situ hydrodynamic and morphodynamic measurements during extreme storm events. Two field studies were conducted in March 2018 and April 2019 at Bethany Beach, Delaware, where in situ hydrodynamic and morphodynamic measurements were made during a nor’easter (Nor’easter Riley) and an energetic storm (Easter Eve Storm). An array of sensors to measure water velocity, water depth, water elevation and bed elevation were mounted to scaffold pipes and deployed in a single cross-shore transect. Water velocity was measured using an electro-magnetic current meter while water and bed elevations were measured using an acoustic distance meter along with an algorithm to differentiate between the water and bed during swash processes. GPS profiles of the beach face were measured during every day-time low tide throughout the storm events. Both accretion and erosion were measured at different cross-shore positions and at different times during the storm events. Morphodynamic change along the back-beach was found to be related to berm erosion, suggesting an important morphologic feedback mechanism. Accumulated wave energy and wave energy flux per unit area between Nor’easter Riley and a recent mid-Atlantic hurricane (Hurricane Dorian) were calculated and compared.

JALBTCX/NCMP emergency-response airborne Lidar coastal mapping & quick response data products for 2016/2017/2018 hurricane impact assessments

Shore & Beach ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Eve Eisemann ◽  
Lauren Dunkin ◽  
M. Hartman ◽  
Jennifer Wozencraft
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Army Corps ◽  
Storm Damage ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Army Corps Of Engineers ◽  
Critical Data ◽  
Coastal Mapping

The Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of Expertise (JALBTCX) deployed to support regional-scale post-storm damage assessments following Hurricanes Irma (2017), Maria (2017), and Michael (2018) for the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) following Hurricanes Matthew (2016) and Florence (2018). The JALBTCX has a long history of providing regional coastal surveys after storm impacts in the United States. These high-resolution, regional datasets extend beyond project boundaries, providing critical data to quantify large-scale impacts associated with storm events. These regional datasets directly support missions within the USACE, other federal agencies, academia, and the broader coastal community.

Coliform transport in a pristine reservoir: modeling and field studies

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Garvey ◽  
John E. Tobiason ◽  
Michael Hayes ◽  
Evelyn Wolfram ◽  
David A. Reckhow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Development ◽  
Fate And Transport ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Reservoir Modeling ◽  
Vertical Circulation ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Circulation Patterns ◽  
In Situ Experiments

This paper reports on field studies and model development aimed at understanding coliform fate and transport in the Quabbin Reservoir, an oligotrophic drinking water supply reservoir. An investigation of reservoir currents suggested the importance of wind driven phenomena, and that both lateral and vertical circulation patterns exist. In-situ experiments of coliform decay suggested dependence on light intensity and yielded an appropriate decay coefficient to be used in CE-QUAL-W2, a two-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model. Modeling confirmed the sensitivity of reservoir outlet concentration to vertical variability within the reservoir, meteorological conditions, and location of coliform source.

Real-life Field Studies of the NOx Removing Properties of Photocatalytic Surfaces in Roskilde and Copenhagen Airport, Denmark

2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Jensen ◽  
Pernille D. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
High Stability ◽  
Reference Site ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The Real ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Photocatalytic Concrete

Aims: To evaluate the real-life effect of photocatalytic surfaces on the air quality at two test-sites in Denmark. Background: Poor air quality is today one of the largest environmental issues, due to the adverse effects on human health associated with high levels of air pollution, including respiratory issues, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and lung cancer. NOx removal by TiO2 based photocatalysis is a tool to improve air quality locally in areas where people are exposed. Methods: Two test sites were constructed in Roskilde and Copenhage airport. In Roskilde, the existing asphalt at two parking lots was treated with TiO2 containing liquid and an in-situ ISO 22197-1 test setup was developed to enable in-situ evaluation of the activity of the asphalt. In CPH airport, photocatalytic concrete tiles were installed at the "kiss and fly" parking lot, and NOx levels were continuously monitored in 0.5 m by CLD at the active site and a comparable reference site before and after installation for a period of 2 years. Results: The Roskilde showed high stability of the photocatalytic coating with the activity being largely unchanged over a period of 2 years. The CPH airport study showed that the average NOx levels were decreased by 12 % comparing the before and after NOx concentrations at the active and reference site. Conclusion: The joined results of the two Danish demonstration projects illustrate a high stability of the photocatalytic coating as well as a high potential for improvements of the real-life air quality in polluted areas.

Wave Breaking Dissipation in a Young Wind Sea

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schwendeman ◽  
Jim Thomson ◽  
Johannes R. Gemmrich
Keyword(s):  
Wind Waves ◽  
Phase Speed ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Turbulent Energy ◽  
Strength Parameter ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Sonar System ◽  
Wind Sea ◽  
Equilibrium Range

Abstract Coupled in situ and remote sensing measurements of young, strongly forced wind waves are applied to assess the role of breaking in an evolving wave field. In situ measurements of turbulent energy dissipation from wave-following Surface Wave Instrument Float with Tracking (SWIFT) drifters and a tethered acoustic Doppler sonar system are consistent with wave evolution and wind input (as estimated using the radiative transfer equation). The Phillips breaking crest distribution Λ(c) is calculated using stabilized shipboard video recordings and the Fourier-based method of Thomson and Jessup, with minor modifications. The resulting Λ(c) are unimodal distributions centered around half of the phase speed of the dominant waves, consistent with several recent studies. Breaking rates from Λ(c) increase with slope, similar to in situ dissipation. However, comparison of the breaking rate estimates from the shipboard video recordings with the SWIFT video recordings show that the breaking rate is likely underestimated in the shipboard video when wave conditions are calmer and breaking crests are small. The breaking strength parameter b is calculated by comparison of the fifth moment of Λ(c) with the measured dissipation rates. Neglecting recordings with inconsistent breaking rates, the resulting b data do not display any clear trends and are in the range of other reported values. The Λ(c) distributions are compared with the Phillips equilibrium range prediction and previous laboratory and field studies, leading to the identification of several inconsistencies.

Imaging the Plasmasphere and Topside Ionosphere during Geomagnetic Storms based on a Tomographic Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabricio Prol ◽  
Mainul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Electron Density ◽  
Space Weather ◽  
Geomagnetic Storms ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Topside Ionosphere ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Density Distributions ◽  
Defense Meteorological Satellite Program ◽  
Meteorological Satellite

<p>In this study, TEC measurements from METOP (Meteorological Operational) satellites are used together with a tomographic algorithm to estimate electron density distributions during geomagnetic storm events. The proposed method is applied during four geomagnetic storms to check the tomographic capabilities for space weather monitoring. The developed method was capable to successfully capture and reconstruct well-known enhancement and decrease of electron density during the geomagnetic storms. The comparison with in-situ electron densities from DMSP (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program) satellites has shown an improvement around 11% and a better plasma description compared to the background. Our study also reveals that the plasmasphere TEC contribution to ground-based TEC may vary 10 to 60% during geomagnetic storms, and the contribution tends to reduce during the storm-recovery phase.</p>

Sampling and Reconstructing User Experience

2013 ◽  
pp. 225-245
Author(s):  
Panos Markopoulos ◽  
Vassilis-Javed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Reconstruction Method ◽  
Working Parents ◽  
Diary Method ◽  
User Attitudes ◽  
Communication Needs ◽  
Sampling And Reconstruction

The Experience Sampling and Reconstruction Method (ESRM) is a research method suitable for user studies conducted in situ that is needed for the design and evaluation of ambient intelligence technologies. ESRM is a diary method supported by a distributed application, Reconexp, which runs on a mobile device and a website, enabling surveying user attitudes, experiences, and requirements in field studies. ESRM combines aspects of the Experience Sampling Method and the Day Reconstruction Method aiming to reduce data loss, improve data quality, and reduce burden put upon participants. The authors present a case study of using this method in the context of a study of communication needs of working parents with young children. Requirements for future developments of the tool and the method are discussed.

General Overview of Autonomous Forward-Deployed Systems and Their Energy Needs

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Dallas J. Meggitt ◽  
Michèle Bullock
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Sensor Systems ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Remote Sensor ◽  
Deployed Systems

AbstractForward-deployed and remote sensor systems all require persistent, autonomous, reliable in situ sources of energy. There are several different classes of forward-deployed systems, each of which typically has a different range of energy requirements. Some of these systems are buoys; others are bottom-laid. Several such systems are being developed for a variety of scientific and military applications, including, for example, (1) remote systems with a single or small number of sensors; (2) networked scientific sensor systems (Undersea Distributed Networks); (3) low-power, forward-deployed surveillance systems with many sensors; and (4) forward-deployed communications relay systems. Energy requirements for these systems depend on several factors, including overall energy requirements, mission duration, duty cycle, observability, and fixed or mobile system. Many previous and current forward-deployed systems have depended on batteries for energy, but batteries are limited in the amount of energy they can store unless they can be recharged or replaced. Some previous systems have used diesel, sometimes in combination with solar panels and battery backups, but solar panels degrade and lose efficiency with salt encrustation, corrosion, and bird excrement. Recent developments in reliable, scalable wave energy technology, together with relatively efficient energy storage technologies, offer the opportunity for application of these technologies for providing autonomous power to remote sensor systems. This paper describes several remote sensor systems, reviews and summarizes energy requirements for these systems, and provides in situ wave energy system concepts to meet these requirements. The paper focuses on wave energy as being closest to practical implementation of current renewable energy technologies.

scholarly journals Vertical wind retrieved by airborne lidar and analysis of island induced gravity waves in combination with numerical models and in-situ particle measurements

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Chouza ◽  
O. Reitebuch ◽  
M. Jähn ◽  
S. Rahm ◽  
B. Weinzierl
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Particle Number Density ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Vertical Wind ◽  
Induced Gravity ◽  
First Case ◽  
Lee Waves

Abstract. This study presents the analysis of island induced gravity waves observed by an airborne Doppler wind lidar (DWL) during SALTRACE. First, the instrumental corrections required for the retrieval of high spatial resolution vertical wind measurements from an airborne DWL are presented and the measurement accuracy estimated by means of two different methods. The estimated systematic error is below -0.05 m s-1 for the selected case of study, while the random error lies between 0.1 m s-1 and 0.16 m s-1 depending on the estimation method. Then, the presented method is applied to two measurement flights during which the presence of island induced gravity waves was detected. The first case corresponds to a research flight conducted on 17 June 2013 in the Cape Verde islands region, while the second case corresponds to a measurement flight on 26 June 2013 in the Barbados region. The presence of trapped lee waves predicted by the calculated Scorer parameter profiles was confirmed by the lidar and in-situ observations. The DWL measurements are used in combination with in-situ wind and particle number density measurements, large eddy simulations (LES), and wavelet analysis to determine the main characteristics of the observed island induced trapped waves.

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