scholarly journals The Concept of Access and the Mechanisms of the Threshold Space in Arab Traditional Built Environment: The Case of Najd, Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mashary Alnaim
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Space Syntax ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Crucial Aspect ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Built Form ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Relationship

Contemporary built environments experience a vast number of factors due to globalization, which effected and influenced how the built form is generated and used. The relationship between the urban and the building levels is a crucial aspect that needs a thorough investigation to understand how these two levels can integrate and complement the built environment's overall identity. This paper examines the concept of access and its location within the urban fabric and how an access influenced the formation of physical and nonphysical threshold spaces to overcome the number of socio-cultural issues. Space Syntax convex map and justified access graphs were used to understand the connectivity, density, and integration of the access and the threshold space in relation to the overall built form.

scholarly journals Established Urban Research Traditions and the Platform for Space Syntax

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Akkelies van Nes ◽  
Claudia Yamu
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Space Syntax ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Research Traditions ◽  
Urban Research ◽  
Built Form ◽  
Physical Elements

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of established researchtraditions in the analysis of physical elements of the built environment. Herein, we address the morphological, place phenomenological, andurban network traditions. Following this, a synopsis about spatial elements applied to these traditions, including space syntax, is given. Furthermore, in this chapter, we explain the differences between extrinsic and intrinsic properties of space and clarify the typology concepts of the built form. Finally, we introduce the basic spatial elements used in space syntax and the simplest spatialstructures that cities can have. Exercises are provided at the end of this chapter.

Dwelling form and culture in the traditional Najdi built environment, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed M. AlNaim
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Space Syntax ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Architectural Analysis ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Physical Form

PurposeThis study examines the built environment in the preserved historic settlements of the Najd region of Saudi Arabia, providing insight into shared core concepts and forms that were commonly shared across the settlement's dwellings before the Kingdom's period of modernization.Design/methodology/approachSpace syntax convex mapping and the justified access graphing as the main techniques to examine several internal elements at the building level. The study created elements such as connectivity, access graphs and depth graphs to understand the integration and placement of these elements to overcome surrounding forces. Also, the author combined graphical architectural analysis with space syntax techniques to understand the spatial and physical integration in three-dimensional space. This helped to establish a link between what is two-dimensional (the building layout) with what is three-dimensional (the physical form).FindingsThe paper found that the hierarchical order of internal spaces and the order's role in shaping the physical form served to satisfy the social behavior and environmental conditions. As a result, all building elements generated with the guidance of the main culturally rooted in support with internal spaces order. This order of spaces inside the house led the urban spatial hierarchy to connect but not conflict, as the whole process of generating the physical forms is to complement each other and to produce a unified built environment.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is limited to Najdi dwelling form and culture, the author believes expanding the number of study samples in the five traditional settlements or expanding the scope of the study to examine other Saudi regions may result in new findings and insights.Originality/valueThe paper offers and discusses two mechanisms on how to enhance the process of designing modern houses in similar cultures or elsewhere in the world. Also, how traditional dwelling elements generated with the guidance of the main, culturally rooted values and beliefs, in support of the internal spatial order.

Enriching social work research through architectural multisensory methods: Strategies for connecting the built environment and human experience

2020 ◽  
pp. 147332502092445
Author(s):  
Alison L Grittner ◽  
Victoria F Burns
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Spatial Justice ◽  
Social Work Research ◽  
The Relationship

Scholars have called for greater emphasis on the physical environment to expand social work research, policy, and practice; however, there has been little focus on the role of the built environment. Redressing this gap in the literature, this methodological paper explicates how four multisensory research methods commonly used in architecture—sketch walks, photography, spatial visualization, and mapping—can be used in social work research to create a greater understanding of the complex, interconnected, and multidimensional nature of built environments in relationship to human experience. The methods explored in this paper provide social work researchers with a methodological conduit to explore the relationship between the built environment and vulnerable populations, understand and advocate for spatial justice, and participate knowledgeably in interdisciplinary policy realms involving the built environment and marginalized populations.

scholarly journals Place-making and performance: The impact of walkable built environments on business performance in Phoenix and Boston

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Credit ◽  
Elizabeth Mack
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Sales Volume ◽  
Place Making ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examines the importance of place-making in economic development by evaluating the relationship between specific urban design features – based on Jacobs’ “four generators of diversity” and Ewing and Cervero’s “Five-D’s” – and business sales volume. Despite the increased recognition of the importance of walkable urbanism in recent years, relatively little research has assessed the potential economic development benefits of walkable places. While a few authors have assessed the impact of urban design on property values, this paper fills a gap by examining links between components of walkable built environments and individual business characteristics. This paper uses a Hierarchical Linear Modeling framework to explicitly look at the relationship between neighborhood built environment features at the Census tract level and the sales volume per employee of individual businesses in 2010. The cities of Phoenix and Boston are used as contrasting study sites in order to inspect how larger regional characteristics influence the built environment–performance link. The results indicate that specific features of walkable built environments are positively associated with business performance. However, the relationship between walkable built environments and business performance varies considerably depending on the type of business and city-level context being studied, indicating that significant nuance must be used when considering place-based economic interventions. Although no causal statements can be made about the built environment and business performance, the results of this paper indicate that (in some contexts) design-based place-making initiatives could be used to generate sustainable local economic development.

scholarly journals Urban Elements in the Saudi Arabian Najd Region and their Influence on Creating Threshold Spaces

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mashary Alnaim
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Traditional Architecture ◽  
Syntax Analysis ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Dual Functional ◽  
Built Form ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Space Syntax Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Gathering spaces are a significant component of any type of built form. Many factors influence their shape, size, and location and how they are integrated with the surrounding. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the location of urban elements and threshold spaces. The paper suggests that this relationship influenced the creation if dual-functional gathering spaces and increased their significant while maintaining the private areas. Space Syntax analysis technique is used to examine and understand the number of factors related to space, territory, society, culture, and environment. The paper objective is to discuss a way to how we look at traditional architecture from the lens of cultural context. To revel its concepts and lessons embedded developed by its society in the built heritage and use the tools for problem-solving.

scholarly journals The Body at the Center of Our Design Universe

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark David Major ◽  
Heba Osama Tannous
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Collective Good ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Adaptive Mechanism ◽  
Basic Design ◽  
The Relationship

A third factor has increasingly complicated the man-environment paradigm - the intellectual and physical framework defining the relationship between man and the environment, both built and natural - without definitive resolution since the mid-18th century. This is the man-machine paradigm, originating with Industrialization but transforming into new, unfamiliar forms with the digital revolutions of today. Our technological prowess and ingenuity as a species always seem to outrace our sensibilities, especially the most common kind, in the (sometimes-blind) pursuit of fame and fortune in modern capitalist societies. This is to be expected and even encouraged. However, we must always guard against the worst evils of human nature in this race. We are imperfect beings. Our machines will always be similarly imperfect. The built environment can be a wonderfully adaptive mechanism for the collective good but it alone cannot compensate for - and even disproportionately suffers from - the ill-advised design judgment of individuals. Given these circumstances, we will review some basic design principles to hold firm while doing better for our built environments of the future with a little foresight.

Stock Market Prediction using Data Mining Techniques

2020 ◽  
pp. 310-313
Author(s):  
Karunesh Makker ◽  
Prince Patel ◽  
Hrishikesh Roy ◽  
Sonali Borse
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Efficient Market Hypothesis ◽  
Deterministic System ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Robust Prediction

Stock market is a very volatile in-deterministic system with vast number of factors influencing the direction of trend on varying scales and multiple layers. Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) states that the market is unbeatable. This makes predicting the uptrend or downtrend a very challenging task. This research aims to combine multiple existing techniques into a much more robust prediction model which can handle various scenarios in which investment can be beneficial. Existing techniques like sentiment analysis or neural network techniques can be too narrow in their approach and can lead to erroneous outcomes for varying scenarios. By combing both techniques, this prediction model can provide more accurate and flexible recommendations. Embedding Technical indicators will guide the investor to minimize the risk and reap better returns.

scholarly journals Simulating the effects of redesigned street-scale built environments on access/egress pedestrian flows to metro stations

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanan Liu ◽  
Dujuan Yang ◽  
Harry J. P. Timmermans ◽  
Bauke de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Route Choice ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Destination Choice ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Renewal Processes ◽  
City Center ◽  
Metro Station ◽  
Route Choice Behavior ◽  
The City

AbstractIn urban renewal processes, metro line systems are widely used to accommodate the massive traffic needs and stimulate the redevelopment of the local area. The route choice of pedestrians, emanating from or going to the metro stations, is influenced by the street-scale built environment. Many renewal processes involve the improvement of the street-level built environment and thus influence pedestrian flows. To assess the effects of urban design on pedestrian flows, this article presents the results of a simulation model of pedestrian route choice behavior around Yingkoudao metro station in the city center of Tianjin, China. Simulated pedestrian flows based on 4 scenarios of changes in street-scale built environment characteristics are compared. Results indicate that the main streets are disproportionally more affected than smaller streets. The promotion of an intensified land use mix does not lead to a high increase in the number of pedestrians who choose the involved route when traveling from/to the metro station, assuming fixed destination choice.

Past testate amoeba communities in landslide mountain fens (Polish Carpathians): The relationship between shell types and sediment

The Holocene ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 095968362199464
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Marcisz ◽  
Krzysztof Buczek ◽  
Mariusz Gałka ◽  
Włodzimierz Margielewski ◽  
Matthieu Mulot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Testate Amoebae ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Testate Amoeba ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Depth To Water Table ◽  
Polish Carpathians ◽  
The Relationship

Landslide mountain fens formed in landslide depressions are dynamic environments as their development is disturbed by a number of factors, for example, landslides, slopewash, and surface run-off. These processes lead to the accumulation of mineral material and wood in peat. Disturbed peatlands are interesting archives of past environmental changes, but they may be challenging for providing biotic proxy-based quantitative reconstructions. Here we investigate long-term changes in testate amoeba communities from two landslide mountain fens – so far an overlooked habitat for testate amoeba investigations. Our results show that abundances of testate amoebae are extremely low in this type of peatlands, therefore not suitable for providing quantitative depth-to-water table reconstructions. However, frequent shifts of dominant testate amoeba species reflect dynamic lithological situation of the studied fens. We observed that high and stable mineral matter input into the peatlands was associated with high abundances of species producing agglutinated (xenosomic) as well as idiosomic shells which prevailed in the testate amoeba communities in both analyzed profiles. This is the first study that explores testate amoebae of landslide mountain fens in such detail, providing novel information about microbial communities of these ecosystems.

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