scholarly journals THE USE OF EXTERNAL PHYSICAL INFLUENCE TO REGULATE THE FORMATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF STEEL INGOTS

Author(s):  
С. С-С. Ахтаев ◽  
А. С. Нурадинов ◽  
М. Р. Нахаев ◽  
Н. С. Уздиева

В настоящей работе исследовано влияние температурных и силовых параметров внешнего воздействия на кристаллизацию и структурообразование слитков из модельных и реальных сплавов. Показано, что скоростью зарождения и роста кристаллов, а также размерами структурных зон в слитках можно управлять, изменяя температурный градиент, возникающий в жидкой фазе перед границей затвердевания. Управлять градиентом температур по сечению затвердевающего расплава можно, регулируя интенсивность теплоотвода, а также дифференцируя теплоотвод по периметру формирующегося слитка. Установлено, что от соотношения градиента температуры к скорости кристаллизации - G/R зависит формирование той или иной структурной зоны слитков. Наглядно доказана эффективность влияния вибрации на формирование структуры исследуемых слитков. Определен механизм воздействия вибрации на процессы кристаллизации и формирования структур слитков, который заключается в проявлении следующих эффектов: в разрушении и дроблении дендритов, растущих на фронте кристаллизации, под действием знакопеременных изгибающих давлений упругой волны; в зарождении кристаллов в объеме кристаллизующегося расплава вследствие кавитации; в разрушении дендритов в расплаве и на фронте кристаллизации под действием давлений, возникающих в результате схлопывания кавитационных каверн. In this paper, the influence of temperature and force parameters of external influence on the crystallization and structure formation of ingots from model and real alloys is investigated. It is shown that the rate of crystal nucleation and growth, as well as the size of the structural zones in the ingots, can be controlled by changing the temperature gradient that occurs in the liquid phase before the solidification boundary. You can control the temperature gradient along the cross-section of the solidifying melt by adjusting the intensity of the heat sink, as well as differentiating the heat sink along the perimeter of the forming ingot. It is established that the ratio of the temperature gradient to the crystallization rate - G/R depends on the formation of a particular structural zone of ingots. The effectiveness of the influence of vibration on the formation of the structure of the ingots under study is clearly proved. The mechanism of vibration influence on the processes of crystallization and formation of ingot structures is determined, which consists in the manifestation of the following effects: in the destruction and crushing of dendrites growing at the crystallization front under the action of alternating bending pressures of an elastic wave; in the nucleation of crystals in the volume of the crystallizing melt due to cavitation; in the destruction of dendrites in the melt and at the crystallization front under the action of pressures resulting from the collapse of cavitation cavities.

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Wenlin Zhang ◽  
Lingyi Zou

We apply molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate crystal nucleation in incompatible polymer blends under deep supercooling conditions. Simulations of isothermal nucleation are performed for phase-separated blends with different degrees of incompatibility. In weakly segregated blends, slow and incompatible chains in crystallizable polymer domains can significantly hinder the crystal nucleation and growth. When a crystallizable polymer is blended with a more mobile species in interfacial regions, enhanced molecular mobility leads to the fast growth of crystalline order. However, the incubation time remains the same as that in pure samples. By inducing anisotropic alignment near the interfaces of strongly segregated blends, phase separation also promotes crystalline order to grow near interfaces between different polymer domains.


2013 ◽  
Vol 378 ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Dyamant ◽  
A.S. Abyzov ◽  
V.M. Fokin ◽  
E.D. Zanotto ◽  
J. Lumeau ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zicheng Li ◽  
Yifeng Gao ◽  
Zhihao Zhang ◽  
Qiu Xiong ◽  
Longhui Deng ◽  
...  

AbstractEfficient electron transport layers (ETLs) not only play a crucial role in promoting carrier separation and electron extraction in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) but also significantly affect the process of nucleation and growth of the perovskite layer. Herein, crystalline polymeric carbon nitrides (cPCN) are introduced to regulate the electronic properties of SnO2 nanocrystals, resulting in cPCN-composited SnO2 (SnO2-cPCN) ETLs with enhanced charge transport and perovskite layers with decreased grain boundaries. Firstly, SnO2-cPCN ETLs show three times higher electron mobility than pristine SnO2 while offering better energy level alignment with the perovskite layer. The SnO2-cPCN ETLs with decreased wettability endow the perovskite films with higher crystallinity by retarding the crystallization rate. In the end, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of planar PSCs can be boosted to 23.17% with negligible hysteresis and a steady-state efficiency output of 21.98%, which is one of the highest PCEs for PSCs with modified SnO2 ETLs. SnO2-cPCN based devices also showed higher stability than pristine SnO2, maintaining 88% of the initial PCE after 2000 h of storage in the ambient environment (with controlled RH of 30% ± 5%) without encapsulation.


2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 1208-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Lykke-Møller Sørensen ◽  
Samuel John Hjorth-Jensen ◽  
Esko Oksanen ◽  
Jacob Lauwring Andersen ◽  
Claus Olesen ◽  
...  

Neutron macromolecular crystallography (NMX) has the potential to provide the experimental input to address unresolved aspects of transport mechanisms and protonation in membrane proteins. However, despite this clear scientific motivation, the practical challenges of obtaining crystals that are large enough to make NMX feasible have so far been prohibitive. Here, the potential impact on feasibility of a more powerful neutron source is reviewed and a strategy for obtaining larger crystals is formulated, exemplified by the calcium-transporting ATPase SERCA1. The challenges encountered at the various steps in the process from crystal nucleation and growth to crystal mounting are explored, and it is demonstrated that NMX-compatible membrane-protein crystals can indeed be obtained.


Author(s):  
Chang-Yu Sun ◽  
László Gránásy ◽  
Cayla A. Stifler ◽  
Tal Zaquin ◽  
Rajesh V. Chopdekar ◽  
...  

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