scholarly journals O.I.T.A.F. and CEOC as examples of international organizations and associations dealing with transportation by rope

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Sebastian Rudnik
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Public International Law ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Definition Of

The purpose of this article is an attempt of describing the fundamental problems associated with the nature of international non-governmental organizations. The paper analyses the definition of international organizations (governmental and non-governmental) functioning in public international law. The classification of international non-governmental organizations will be also presented, as well as the examples of the functioning of the two international organizations dealing with transportation by rope and safety of technical devices.

Sources and the Subjects of International Law

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert McCorquodale
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
Armed Groups ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Multiple Actors ◽  
Law Making

This chapter explores the range of participants involved in international law-making, including corporations, non-State armed groups, and non-governmental organizations, in addition to States and international organizations. The approach taken in this chapter is that of global legal pluralism, which recognizes that there can be multiple actors participating in a legal system to create law, and which accepts disparities in powers. In addition, the chapter indicates that the terminology of ‘subjects’ is deeply problematic in international law and should be abandoned.

scholarly journals An Introduction: International Law as Instrument

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Rebecca Ingber ◽  
Neha Jain ◽  
Rahim Moloo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
International Law ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Humanitarian Crises ◽  
International Legal System ◽  
Fact Finding

Discussions of international law often focus on questions of constraint and prohibition. This year's Annual Meeting considered the role of international law as an instrument. Actors on the international stage use a variety of tools to address their concerns, from climate change to economic development; from humanitarian crises to cross-border disputes; from commercial regulation to global trade. Governments and international organizations employ diplomacy and coercion, corporations use negotiation and persuasion, and non-governmental organizations engage in fact-finding and advocacy. And all of these actors affect and are affected by international law and use the international legal system to effectuate change and solve problems.

Ch.1 Introduction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vrdoljak Ana Filipa ◽  
Francioni Francesco
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
International Law ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Intangible Heritage ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Special Rules ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
International Instruments

This chapter provides an introductory overview to the Handbook. It outlines the definition of cultural heritage as covered by the key international instruments covering movable and immovable, tangible and intangible heritage. It outlines the role of key stakeholders including States, the international community, individuals, groups and communities (including Indigenous peoples), and experts and non-governmental organizations. Finally, the structure of the Handbook is explained. It outlines that there are special rules covering cultural heritage in most specialist areas of international law. It signposts how practice relating to cultural heritage is influencing the development of the rules of general public international law. Likewise, it notes that cultural heritage is influencing disputes resolution processes, integral to the interpretation and implementation of these rules. Finally, the role of regional practice in Africa, Asia, Oceania, the Americas, Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa is flagged.

The International Regulation and Governance of Time

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 394-426
Author(s):  
Andreas Witte
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
International Regulation ◽  
Daylight Saving ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
System A ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Government Laboratories ◽  
Calendar Dates

The paper examines the system for the regulation and governance of time, both with respect to the time of day (i.e., clock readings), and calendar dates. Sub-topics of the two areas include the definition of Universal Time Coordinated (UTC), time zones, daylight saving time, and the International Date Line (IDL). The analysis begins, for both areas, by briefly sketching out the scientific background—without which the subsequent legal and institutional discussion would not be meaningful—and the historical development. It then goes on to describe the present-day mechanism for the regulation of both areas. This examination will reveal noteworthy differences: whereas the regulation of clock readings is based on a complex interplay between national statutes and government laboratories, international organizations, and non-governmental organizations, hardly any formal legal or institutional framework is in place for the regulation of calendars. An explanation for this discrepancy is suggested. The paper then proceeds to address questions of interpretation where international legal instruments make reference to time without specifying the relevant time reckoning system; a solution is proposed which builds on 19th-century domestic litigation, adapted to the context of public international law. A final paragraph draws more general conclusions and undertakes a brief outlook into the future.

scholarly journals The Problem of Classification of NGOs

2016 ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
V V Hovsepyan
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Indirect Influence ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The World ◽  
Single State ◽  
Almost All

Over the last few decades, non-governmental organizations intensively act as a relatively independent party in internal and external affairs of different countries and international relations in general. Almost all socio-political and international law issues are solved, in particular, under their direct or indirect influence of NGOs. Some NGOs have more influence in the world than a single state or a group of states. This situation requires more attention to NGOs, detailed study of their activities and position in globalized society.

scholarly journals Attributing Wrongful Conduct of Implementing Partners to unhcr

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 42-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Janmyr
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
International Protection ◽  
Host State ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
International Responsibility

Refugee camps are often managed by a wide set of actors other than the Host State. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (unhcr), tasked under international law to provide “international protection” to refugees and to seek “permanent solutions for the problem of refugees”, often sub-contracts the daily management of camps to non-governmental organizations (ngo). In 2013, unhcr collaborated with 733 ngos worldwide. Together with unhcr, these “implementing partners” often perform public powers normally exercised by the Host State. But when human rights violations occur following the conduct of a unhcr implementing partner, which actor(s) are responsible under international law? This article focuses on unhcr’s international responsibility for the conduct of ngo implementing partners. By exploring unhcr’s standard sub-contracting agreements through the lens of the International Law Commission’s (ilc) Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations (ario), it answers questions such as: Which human rights requirements does unhcr place on implementing partners? Under what circumstances may unhcr be held responsible under the ario for the acts of its implementing partners? It finds that an application of the ario would make unhcr internationally responsible for the wrongful conduct of implementing partners, even when sub-contracting agreements include clauses absolving unhcr from any liability.

Understanding the Functions of Jurisdictional Law

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Jerker B. Svantesson
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Legal Philosophy ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
Public International Law ◽  
Important Concept ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter takes us into the domain of legal theory and legal philosophy as it places the questions of Internet jurisdiction in a broader theoretical, and indeed philosophical, context. Indeed, it goes as far as to (1) present a definition of what is law, (2) discuss what are the law’s tools, and (3) to describe the roles of law. In addition, it provides distinctions important for how we understand the role of jurisdictional rules both in private international law and in public international law as traditionally defined. Furthermore, it adds law reform tools by introducing and discussing the concept of ‘market sovereignty’ based on ‘market destroying measures’––an important concept for solving the Internet jurisdiction puzzle.

Are human rights archives accessible? Challenges and possible solutions to improve access for Dealing with the Past initiatives

Comma ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 139-150
Author(s):  
Romain Ledauphin ◽  
Claudia Josi ◽  
Rahel Siegrist
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Truth Commissions ◽  
Records Management ◽  
Maturity Model ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
The Past ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Federal Department ◽  
Definition Of

Records and archives containing information relating to grave violations of human rights and international humanitarian law represent a fundamental source for, and can become trustworthy documentary evidence within, Dealing with the Past (DWP) processes including truth commissions, criminal tribunals, reparation programs, vetting processes and outreach projects. Those intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) and international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) working in the fields of human rights and peace and security are themselves important observers and actors in DWP processes and hence their records and archives are highly relevant to DWP initiatives. Such organizations should therefore be transparent and be able to facilitate DWP processes by granting access to their records. Given the International Council on Archives’ definition of “access” as relating to “… the availability of records for consultation as a result both of legal authorization and the existence of finding aids”, and the experience of swisspeace in advising DWP initiatives on collecting evidence and improving records management capacity, swisspeace together with the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs developed a roadmap which centres on the development of an “archives accessibility maturity model”. This tool will not only improve hands-on access in practice, but will ultimately improve knowledge about the multi-layered complexity of archives’ accessibility, strengthening the capacity of IGOs, INGOs and DWP initiatives to design and implement their access regulations, and thereby improving DWP initiatives’ ability to make successful access requests.

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