Effects of Graviola(Annona muricata) Ingestion and Swimming Exercise on antioxidant and inflammatory in high-fat diet

Abstract Background and aims The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has been alarmingly increased with no lines of effective treatment. Vanillic acid is a naturally occurring polyphenol with promising therapeutic effects. Exercise is well known to be an effective tool against obesity and its consequences. Thus, we aim to study the effect of vanillic acid alone and along with exercise on fatty liver induced by a high-fat diet in a rat model and to investigate possible novel mechanisms involved in their action. Methods In this study, 40 male rats were divided equally into five groups: control (standard chow diet), HFD (high-fat diet), HFD+VA (HFD+ vanillic acid (50 mg/kg/day orally), HFD+EX (HFD+ swimming exercise 5 days/week), HFD+VA+EX (HFD+ vanillic acid+ swimming exercise) for eight weeks. Results Body mass, liver weight, liver enzymes, cholesterol, and triglycerides were significantly decreased in the combined VA+EX group, with marked improvement in hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and consequently HOMA-IR index compared to the HFD group. These improvements were also reflected in the pathological view. VA and swimming, either solely or in combination, markedly increased hepatic and circulating fibroblast growth factor 21. Additionally, VA and swimming increased the immunohistochemical expression of the autophagosomal marker LC3 and decreased the expression of P62, which is selectively degraded during autophagy. Conclusions These results suggest the hepatoprotective effect of VA and swimming exercise against fatty liver and the involvement of FGF21 and autophagy in their effect.

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EFFECTS OF SWIMMING EXERCISE AND SOYBEAN SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE IMMUNE FUNCTIONS OF RATS FED A HIGH-FAT DIET

Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology ◽

10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04847.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 35 (5-6) ◽

pp. 638-642 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Dae Keun Kwon ◽

Keum Hee Hwang ◽

Young-Kyun Kim ◽

Kwang Ho Lee ◽

Young-Ju Song

Keyword(s):

High Fat Diet ◽

Swimming Exercise ◽

Immune Functions ◽

High Fat

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Swimming exercise increases serum irisin level and reduces body fat mass in high-fat-diet fed Wistar rats

Lipids in Health and Disease ◽

10.1186/s12944-016-0263-y ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Yun Lu ◽

Hongwei Li ◽

Shi-Wei Shen ◽

Zhen-Hai Shen ◽

Ming Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Swimming Exercise ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

High Fat

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Swimming Exercise Alleviated Insulin Resistance by Regulating Tripartite Motif Family Protein 72 Expression and AKT Signal Pathway in Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed with High-Fat Diet

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2016/1564386 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jie Qi ◽

Bo Yang ◽

Cailing Ren ◽

Jian Fu ◽

Jun Zhang

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Protein Expression ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Signal Pathway ◽

Swimming Exercise ◽

Standard Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Family Protein ◽

Tripartite Motif

We aimed to investigate whether swimming exercise could improve insulin resistance (IR) by regulating tripartite motif family protein 72 (TRIM72) expression and AKT signal pathway in rats fed with high-fat diet. Five-week-old rats were classified into 3 groups: standard diet as control (CON), high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD plus swimming exercise (Ex-HFD). After 8 weeks, glucose infusion rate (GIR), markers of oxidative stress, mRNA and protein expression of TRIM72, protein of IRS, p-AKTSer473, and AKT were determined in quadriceps muscles. Compared with HFD, the GIR, muscle SOD, and GSH-Px were significantly increased (p<0.05, resp.), whereas muscle MDA and 8-OHdG levels were significantly decreased (p<0.05andp<0.01) in Ex-HFD. Expression levels of TRIM72 mRNA and protein in muscles were significantly reduced (p<0.05andp<0.01), whereas protein expression levels of IRS-1, p-AKTSer473, and AKT were significantly increased in Ex-HFD compared with HFD (p<0.01,p<0.01, andp<0.05). These results suggest that an 8-week swimming exercise improves HFD-induced insulin resistance maybe through a reduction of TRIM72 in skeletal muscle and enhancement of AKT signal transduction.

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