Obtaining and characterization of fibroblast cultures from skin samples of some marine mammal species

AbstractThe population decline in the common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) has necessitated the preservation of their genetic resources for species conservation and research. Of all actions, cryopreservation of fibroblast cell cultures derived from animal biopsy is considered a simple but efficient means. Nevertheless, preserving viable cell cultures of the common hippopotamus has not been achieved to our knowledge. To this end, we detailed a method to establish fibroblast cell cultures from a female common hippopotamus fetus in this study. By combining the classic tissue explant direct culture and enzymatic digestion methods, we isolated a great number of cells with typical fibroblastic morphology and high viability. Characterization of the fibroblast cultures was carried out using different techniques. In short, neither bacteria/fungi nor mycoplasma was detectable in the cell cultures throughout the study. The population doubling time was 23.9 h according to the growth curve. Karyotyping based on Giemsa staining showed that cultured cells were diploid with 36 chromosomes in all, one pair of which was sex chromosomes. Mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I gene sequence of the cultured cells was 99.26% identical with the Hippopotamus amphibius complete mitochondrial DNA sequence registered in GenBank, confirming the cells were derived from a common hippopotamus. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining results revealed that the detected cells were positive for fibroblast markers, S100A4 and Vimentin. In conclusion, we isolated and characterized a new fibroblast cell culture from a common hippopotamus skin sample and the cryopreserved cells could be useful genetic materials for the future research.

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Publisher Correction: Deep neural networks for automated detection of marine mammal species

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-67560-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yu Shiu ◽

K. J. Palmer ◽

Marie A. Roch ◽

Erica Fleishman ◽

Xiaobai Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neural Networks ◽

Marine Mammal ◽

Deep Neural Networks ◽

Automated Detection ◽

Mammal Species

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Glider-Based Passive Acoustic Monitoring in the Arctic

Marine Technology Society Journal ◽

10.4031/mtsj.48.5.2 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 48 (5) ◽

pp. 40-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Mark F. Baumgartner ◽

Kathleen M. Stafford ◽

Peter Winsor ◽

Hank Statscewich ◽

David M. Fratantoni

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Marine Mammal ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Acoustic Monitoring ◽

Bowhead Whale ◽

The Arctic ◽

Mammal Species ◽

Frequency Detection ◽

Passive Acoustic ◽

The Impact

AbstractPersistently poor weather in the Arctic makes traditional marine mammal research from aircraft and ships difficult, yet collecting information on marine mammal distribution and habitat utilization is vital for understanding the impact of climate change on Arctic ecosystems. Moreover, as industrial use of the Arctic increases with the expansion of the open-water summer season, there is an urgent need to monitor the effects of noise from oil and gas exploration and commercial shipping on marine mammals. During September 2013, we deployed a single Slocum glider equipped with a digital acoustic monitoring (DMON) instrument to record and process in situ low-frequency (<5 kHz) audio to characterize marine mammal occurrence and habitat as well as ambient noise in the Chukchi Sea off the northwest coast of Alaska, USA. The DMON was programmed with the low-frequency detection and classification system (LFDCS) to autonomously detect and classify sounds of a variety of Arctic and sub-Arctic marine mammal species. The DMON/LFDCS reported regularly in near real time via Iridium satellite detailed detection data, summary classification information, and spectra of background noise. The spatial distributions of bowhead whale, bearded seal, and walrus call rates were correlated with surface salinity measured by the glider. Bowhead whale and walrus call rates were strongly associated with a warm and salty water mass of Bering Sea origin. With a passive acoustic capability that allows both archival recording and near real-time reporting, we envision ocean gliders will become a standard tool for marine mammal and ocean noise research and monitoring in the Arctic.

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Transmission of morbilliviruses within and among marine mammal species

Current Opinion in Virology ◽

10.1016/j.coviro.2017.12.005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 133-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Wendy K Jo ◽

Albert DME Osterhaus ◽

Martin Ludlow

Keyword(s):

Marine Mammal ◽

Mammal Species

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Do bigger bodies require bigger radiators? Insights into thermal ecology from closely related marine mammal species and implications for ecogeographic rules

Journal of Biogeography ◽

10.1111/jbi.13796 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

pp. 1193-1206

Author(s):

Stephanie K. Adamczak ◽

D. Ann Pabst ◽

William A. McLellan ◽

Lesley H. Thorne

Keyword(s):

Marine Mammal ◽

Thermal Ecology ◽

Mammal Species

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Molecular Characterization of Arcobacter Isolates Collected in a Poultry Slaughterhouse

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-66.3.364 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 364-369 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

KURT HOUF ◽

LIEVEN DE ZUTTER ◽

BIEKE VERBEKE ◽

JAN VAN HOOF ◽

PETER VANDAMME

Keyword(s):

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Processing Plant ◽

Poultry Products ◽

Before And After ◽

Arcobacter Butzleri ◽

Processing Water ◽

Contamination Levels ◽

Almost All ◽

Skin Samples

In a poultry slaughterhouse, Arcobacter contamination was examined over a period of 1 week to establish possible routes of contamination. Samples were collected from the slaughter equipment and from processing water before the onset of slaughter and from the first broiler flock slaughtered on each sampling day. Characterization of 1,079 isolates by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus–polymerase chain reaction and a random amplified polymorphic DNA assay resulted in the delineation of 159 Arcobacter butzleri and 139 Arcobacter cryaerophilus types. From almost all 140 neck skin samples collected before and after evisceration, A. butzleri and A. cryaerophilus were isolated simultaneously at contamination levels ranging from 101 to 104 CFU/g. Only six A. butzleri types present in the slaughterhouse environment were also present on the broiler carcasses. None of the A. cryaerophilus genotypes were detected in both the neck skin and the environmental samples. All A. butzleri types isolated from the feather samples were also isolated from broiler neck skin samples. The slaughter equipment was contaminated with arcobacters before the onset of slaughter, but it appeared unlikely that contamination through the slaughter equipment alone explained the high contamination levels on poultry products. Arcobacters were also present in processing water, but types present in water and poultry products were different. Characterization of the Arcobacter isolates did not clarify the routes of transmission, probably because of the extreme heterogeneity among Arcobacter isolates. However, the results obtained in this study brought to light insufficient decontamination at the processing plant involved in the study and confirmed the survival capacity of certain A. butzleri strains.

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Maximizing surveillance through spatial characterization of marine mammal stranding hot spots

Marine Mammal Science ◽

10.1111/mms.12696 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 1083-1096

Author(s):

Jennifer K. Olson ◽

John Aschoff ◽

Alice Goble ◽

Shawn Larson ◽

Joseph K. Gaydos

Keyword(s):

Marine Mammal ◽

Hot Spots ◽

Spatial Characterization

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Collapse of a Marine Mammal Species Driven by Human Impacts

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0043130 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. e43130 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Tero Harkonen ◽

Karin C. Harding ◽

Susan Wilson ◽

Mirgaliy Baimukanov ◽

Lilia Dmitrieva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Marine Mammal ◽

Human Impacts ◽

Mammal Species

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Genetic characterization of a novel picornavirus distantly related to the marine mammal-infecting aquamaviruses in a long-distance migrant bird species, European roller (Coracias garrulus)

Journal of General Virology ◽

10.1099/vir.0.054676-0 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 94 (9) ◽

pp. 2029-2035 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Ákos Boros ◽

Tamás Kiss ◽

Orsolya Kiss ◽

Péter Pankovics ◽

Beatrix Kapusinszky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Marine Mammal ◽

Genetic Characterization ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Bird Species ◽

Long Distance ◽

Coracias Garrulus ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

European Roller ◽

Migrant Bird

Despite the continuously growing number of known avian picornaviruses (family Picornaviridae), knowledge of their genetic diversity in wild birds, especially in long-distance migrant species is very limited. In this study, we report the presence of a novel picornavirus identified from one of 18 analysed faecal samples of an Afro-Palearctic migrant bird, the European roller (Coracias garrulus L., 1758), which is distantly related to the marine-mammal-infecting seal aquamavirus A1 (genus Aquamavirus). The phylogenetic analyses and the low sequence identity (P1 26.3 %, P2 25.8 % and P3 28.4 %) suggest that this picornavirus could be the founding member of a novel picornavirus genus that we have provisionally named ‘Kunsagivirus’, with ‘Greplavirus A’ (strain roller/SZAL6-KuV/2011/HUN, GenBank accession no. KC935379) as the candidate type species.

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