RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE HUMAN FERTILITY RATE IN GERMANY AND THE LEVELS OF INCOME OF THE POPULATION

Agon Baftijari; Igballe Ferati Preshova

doi:10.35409/ijbmer.2021.3343

Increment of ambient exposure to fine particles and the reduced human fertility rate in China, 2000–2010

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.075 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 642 ◽

pp. 497-504 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Tao Xue ◽

Tong Zhu

Keyword(s):

Fine Particles ◽

Fertility Rate ◽

Ambient Exposure ◽

Human Fertility

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Recent marriage and childbearing trends in Croatia and Slovenia: A comparative review

Acta geographica Slovenica ◽

10.3986/ags.8596 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Vera Graovac Matassi ◽

Ana Talan

Keyword(s):

Total Fertility Rate ◽

Birth Rate ◽

Statistical Data ◽

Marriage Rate ◽

Fertility Rate ◽

Fertility Rates ◽

Birth Rates ◽

First Marriage ◽

Human Fertility ◽

Comparative Review

The paper discusses the marriage and childbearing trends in Croatia and Slovenia from 1985 to 2017. We made a comparative review of several indicators related to marriage and childbearing trends: mean ages of women at first marriage and first childbirth, birth rates, births within and outside marriage, total fertility rate, tempo-adjusted fertility rate, age-specific fertility rates, and marriage rate. The analysis is based on the official statistical data provided by the statistical offices of both countries and Human Fertility Database. Many of the indicators, including the birth rate, total fertility rate and age-specific fertility rate, are somewhat more favourable in Slovenia than in Croatia. One of the major differences between the two countries is that in Slovenia the connection between marriage and childbearing is not as nearly significant as in Croatia.

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Changes in demand for children between 2003 and 2013 in Nigeria: Evidence from survey data

Population Horizons ◽

10.2478/pophzn-2018-0006 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 16-29

Author(s):

Stella Babalola ◽

Joshua O. Akinyemi ◽

Clifford O. Odimegwu

Keyword(s):

Health Surveys ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Religious Affiliation ◽

Large Family ◽

Fertility Rate ◽

Demographic And Health Surveys ◽

High Fertility ◽

Fertility Desire ◽

The North ◽

Demand For Children

Abstract Nigeria has one of the highest fertility rates in Africa. Data from 2013 Demographic and Health Surveys indicate a virtual stagnation of fertility rate since 2003. Low contraceptive use and pronatalist attitudes are among the factors contributing to the high fertility rate in Nigeria. In this manuscript, we pooled data from three most recent waves of Demographic and Health Surveys to examine trends in demand for children over time and identify the factors associated with change in demand for children. The data show that demand for children has declined since 2003 although not monotonically so. Variables that were positively associated with increased likelihood of desiring no additional children were residence in the South-West (as opposed to residence in the North-Central), exposure to family planning (FP) messages on the mass media, number of children ever born, educational level, and urban residence. In contrast, uncertainty about fertility desire was more widespread in 2008 compared to 2013 although less widespread in 2003 than in 2013. The likelihood of being undecided about fertility desire was positively associated with discrepancies in family size desires between husband and wife, parity and Islamic religious affiliation. Programs should aim to increase access to effective contraceptive methods and promote demand for contraceptives as a way of fostering a sustainable reduction in demand for children. Furthermore, strategies that address uncertainty by fostering women’s understanding of the social and health implications of large family sizes are relevant.

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Analysis of factors affecting fertility rate in modern Japan

Journal of Oriental Studies ◽

10.26577/jos-2016-2-768 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 77 (2) ◽

pp. 138-143

Author(s):

Shokobayeva V.P. ◽

◽

Balakayeva L.T ◽

Keyword(s):

Fertility Rate ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Modern Japan

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A New Look at the Asian Fertility Transition (Distinguishedl Lecture)

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v35i4ipp.385-398 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 35 (4I) ◽

pp. 385-398 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

John C. Caldwell

Keyword(s):

Total Fertility Rate ◽

Birth Rate ◽

Fertility Transition ◽

Fertility Rate ◽

Asian Women ◽

Population Replacement ◽

Planning Meeting ◽

Annual Birth Rate

The significance of the Asian fertility transition can hardly be overestimated. The relatively sanguine view of population growth expressed at the 1994 International Conference for Population and Development (ICPD) in Cairo was possible only because of the demographic events in Asia over the last 30 years. In 1965 Asian women were still bearing about six children. Even at current rates, today’s young women will give birth to half as many. This measure, namely the average number of live births over a reproductive lifetime, is called the total fertility rate. It has to be above 2— considerably above if mortality is still high—to achieve long-term population replacement. By 1995 East Asia, taken as a whole, exhibited a total fertility rate of 1.9. Elsewhere, Singapore was below long-term replacement, Thailand had just achieved it, and Sri Lanka was only a little above. The role of Asia in the global fertility transition is shown by estimates I made a few years ago for a World Bank Planning Meeting covering the first quarter of a century of the Asian transition [Caldwell (1993), p. 300]. Between 1965 and 1988 the world’s annual birth rate fell by 22 percent. In 1988 there would have been 40 million more births if there had been no decline from 1965 fertility levels. Of that total decline in the world’s births, almost 80 percent had been contributed by Asia, compared with only 10 percent by Latin America, nothing by Africa, and, unexpectedly, 10 percent by the high-income countries of the West. Indeed, 60 percent of the decline was produced by two countries, China and India, even though they constitute only 38 percent of the world’s population. They accounted, between them, for over threequarters of Asia’s fall in births.

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Determinants of Aggregate Fertility in Pakistan

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v25i4pp.553-570 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 553-570

Author(s):

Ghulam Yasin Soomro

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Economic Status ◽

Development Planning ◽

Natural Increase ◽

High Fertility ◽

Household Level ◽

Fertility Behaviour ◽

Human Fertility ◽

Control Programmes ◽

The Difference

Experiencing high fertility and declining mortality levels, the developing countries are today faced with the problem of relatively high rates of natural increase in their populations. This pace of growth in population, influenced by high fertility levels, impedes the overall development planning. As pointed out in a document prepared by the Planning Commission of Pakistan, 'A vicious circle is set in motion in which high fertility and socio-economic stagnation breed upon each other' [5]. In the developing countries, development programmes including birth control programmes are in operation. The sustained high fertility levels, therefore, call for more insights into the mechanisms operating in the society and influencing fertility. Studies of fertility behaviour are conducted at both micro and macro levels. The difference between micro and macro is a matter of emphasis rather than one of kind, and both approaches are concerned with each level of social aggregation. Macrolevel studies describe the level and pattern of change resulting from the ongoing socio-econornic development in the society as a whole and do not explain variations in fertility at the household level [12]. However, development programmes, which are implemented at aggregate levels defined by geographical boundaries, influence the population in terms of socio-economic status and fertility behaviour. There are many factors which affect human fertility individually or collectively. Attempts have been made to identify these factors, and conceptual frameworks have been developed to explain the causal hypotheses. In this context mention may be made of the demographic transition theory, which is often applied to study fertility behaviour.

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