scholarly journals Análisis de la evaluación de daños en edificios basada en imágenes de satélite y aéreas en el ámbito de Copernicus EMS Mapping

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-98
Author(s):  
Raquel Ciriza Labiano ◽  
Uxue Donezar Hoyos ◽  
Fermín Ros Elso ◽  
Teresa De Blas Corral ◽  
Agustín Tamés Noriega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Management Service ◽  
Macroseismic Scale

El Servicio de Gestión de Emergencias de Copernicus (Copernicus EMS del inglés, Copernicus Emergency Management Service) es un programa financiado con fondos públicos de la Unión Europea y coordinado por la Comisión Europea que proporciona a todos los actores involucrados en la gestión de desastres naturales,  situaciones de emergencia y crisis humanitarias información geoespacial, principalmente basada en imágenes de satélite. Incluye componentes de Alerta temprana y Monitoreo, y de Mapeo con un módulo de Validación encargado de la evaluación de la calidad de los productos y el fomento de su mejora, en el marco del cual se realizó este estudio. Dentro del portafolio de productos de mapeo, los productos de clasificación de daños tienen como objetivo evaluar la intensidad y distribución espacial del daño resultante de un evento en edificios, bloques de viviendas o usos del suelo. Las categorías de daños para edificios y bloques de viviendas se definieron inicialmente con base en la Escala Macrosísmica Europea-1998 (EMS-98, del inglés European Macroseismic Scale). Este artículo muestra la función doble del módulo de validación. Por un lado, el artículo muestra los resultados de la validación de cuatro mapas de daños en edificios realizados por Copernicus EMS y por otro analiza la aptitud de la Escala Macrosísmica Europea (EMS-98), concebida para asignar daño in situ, para categorizar daño en edificios a partir de distintos tipos de imágenes (imágenes de satélite, imágenes oblicuas y ortofotos). La principal conclusión es que las categorías EMS-98 no se pueden traducir directamente para la evaluación de daños con base en imágenes de satélite y, en su lugar, se podría utilizar un enfoque operativo, en línea con estudios anteriores.

scholarly journals COHERENT CHANGE DETECTION FOR REPEATED-PASS INTERFEROMETRIC SAR IMAGES: AN APPLICATION TO EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE ASSESSMENT ON BUILDINGS

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W4 ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Oxoli ◽  
P. Boccardo ◽  
M. A. Brovelli ◽  
M. E. Molinari ◽  
A. Monti Guarnieri
Keyword(s):  
Change Detection ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Earthquake Damage ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Management Service ◽  
Sar Images ◽  
Coherent Change Detection ◽  
Interferometric Sar

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> During disaster response, the availability of relevant information, delivered in a proper format enabling its use among the different actors involved in response efforts, is key to lessen the impact of the disaster itself. Focusing on the contribution of geospatial information, meaningful advances have been achieved through the adoption of satellite earth observations within emergency management practices. Among these technologies, the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging has been extensively employed for large-scale applications such as flood areas delineation and terrain deformation analysis after earthquakes. However, the emerging availability of higher spatial and temporal resolution data has uncovered the potential contribution of SAR to applications at a finer scale. This paper proposes an approach to enable pixel-wise earthquake damage assessments based on Coherent Change Detection methods applied to a stack of repeated-pass interferometric SAR images. A preliminary performance assessment of the procedure is provided by processing Sentinel-1 data stack related to the 2016 central Italy earthquake for the towns of Ametrine and Accumoli. Damage assessment maps from photo-interpretation of high-resolution airborne imagery, produced in the framework of Copernicus EMS (Emergency Management Service &amp;ndash; European Commission) and cross-checked with field survey, is used as ground truth for the performance assessment. Results show the ability of the proposed approach to automatically identify changes at an almost individual building level, thus enabling the possibility to empower traditional damage assessment procedures from optical imagery with the centimetric change detection sensitivity characterizing SAR. The possibility of disseminating outputs in a GIS-like format represents an asset for an effective and cross-cutting information sharing among decision makers and analysts.</p>

Recent Results from Oil Spill Response Research

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 (1) ◽  
pp. 673-676
Author(s):  
Edward Tennyson
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Management Service ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Yield Information ◽  
Environmental Test ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Spilled Oil

ABSTRACT Recent large oil spills from tankers have reaffirmed the need for continuing technology assessment and research to improve oil-spill response capabilities. The Minerals Management Service (MMS) remains a lead agency in conducting these studies. This paper discusses MMS concerns, as reinforced by the acceleration of its research program in 1990. It briefly assesses the current state-of-the-art technology for major aspects of spill response, including remote sensing, open-ocean containment, recovery, in-situ burning, chemical treating agents, beach-line cleanup, and oil behavior. The paper reports on specific research projects that have begun to yield information that will improve detection and at-sea equipment performance. The first detection project, for which MMS has patent pending, involves the use of shipboard navigational radar to track slicks at relatively long range. The second project involves the use of conventional containment and cleanup in a downwind mode, which is contrary to the traditional procedures. The paper also discusses current research projects, including the development of an airborne, laser-assisted fluorosensor that can determine whether apparent slicks contain oil. Additional projects involve the development of improved strategies for responding to oil in broken-ice conditions, for gaining an improved understanding of the fate and behavior of spilled oil as it affects response strategies, and for reopening and operating the oil and hazardous materials simulated environmental test tank (OHMSETT) facility in Leonardo, New Jersey. Recent progress on the development of safe and environmentally acceptable strategies to burn spilled oil in-situ is also discussed. The OHMSETT facility is necessary for testing prospective improvements in chemical treating agents and to develop standard procedures for testing and evaluating response equipment.

scholarly journals DECISION MAKING ON DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURE WITH SENTINEL APPLICATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W8 ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Doxani ◽  
S. Siachalou ◽  
Z. Mitraka ◽  
P. Patias
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Management Service ◽  
Great Loss ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Climate change and increase of extreme weather events, besides the numerous consequences, affect significantly and put in risk the agriculture sectors. Natural disasters, such as floods and wildfires, are responsible for a great loss in agriculture production. National governments together with international bodies make an important effort to cooperate towards the response and resilience when a disaster occurs. In this frame the European Earth Observation Programme - Copernicus provides a series of observation data, in-situ measurements and services related, amongst others, to different types of disasters. Concerning the availability of this big volume of observation data, the aim of DiAS (Disaster and Agriculture Sentinel Applications) project is to revise the existing knowledge on remote sensing methods for mapping the extent of natural and/or man-made disaster over agricultural areas and propose improvements. The developed methodology will be implemented in a Decision Support System (DSS), which will be freely available and easy-to-use by non-experts. In this paper, the developed methodology focuses on mapping floods over agricultural areas. Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 imagery are used as input information for the comparison analysis before and after the event. The reference for results’ evaluation is the corresponding information delivered by Copernicus Emergency Management Service (EMS). Although, the evaluation results are in good agreement when they could be used, a reference of higher accuracy is needed in order to estimate accurately the quality of the output products.</p>

scholarly journals Applicability of the MultiTemporal Coherence Approach to Sentinel-1 for the Detection and Delineation of Burnt Areas in the Context of the Copernicus Emergency Management Service

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 2607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uxue Donezar ◽  
Teresa De Blas ◽  
Arantzazu Larrañaga ◽  
Fermín Ros ◽  
Lourdes Albizua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Incidence Angle ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Management Service ◽  
Burnt Area ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Optical Imagery ◽  
Burnt Areas

In the framework of the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (EMS) Mapping Validation, the applicability of the MultiTemporal Coherence (MTC) technique using Sentinel-1 data and the software made available by the European Space Agency (ESA), the Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP), for the detection and delineation of burnt areas was tested. The main purpose of the study was to test a methodology that would benefit from the advantages of delineating burnt areas based on radar data with respect to optical data due to its capacity to acquire data both night and day and to avoid the interference of clouds and/or smoke. Moreover, the study aimed to acheive the delineation of the burnt areas using Sentinel-1 and SNAP in the frame of an emergency mapping where processing time is constrained due to the necessity of giving a quick response to the emergency. Four Sentinel-1 images were acquired over a mountainous area mainly covered by Mediterranean vegetation that suffered from massive forest fires in the summer of 2016. The burnt area delineation was obtained by an object-based image analysis (OBIA) of the resulting MTC image followed by a visual inspection. The effects of the polarization, the acquisition mode, and the incidence angle of the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery were studied in order to assess the contribution of these sensor varaibles on the results. Results of the Sentinel-1 based delineation were compared to those using optical imagery, which is traditionally used for this application. Therefore, the fire delineation that was derived was compared to that derived using three optical images: pre- and post-event Sentinel-2 images and a post-event SPOT 6 image. The first two were used to calculate the differences of the burnt area index (dBAI), used to derive the burnt area delineation by OBIA and photo interpretation with the help of the SPOT 6 image. Results of the comparison showed the feasibility of using the MTC technique for burnt area delineation, as high overall accuracy values were observed when compared to the burnt area delineation derived from optical imagery. The importance of the incidence angle of the Sentinel-1 images was assessed as well, with lower angles resulting in higher overall accuracies. In addition, the availability of double polarization of the Sentinel-1 images, allowed us to give recommendations regarding which polarization gave the best results. The potential for the use of SAR data, obtaining equivalent results to those obtained from optical imagery, is significant in an emergency context given that radar sensors acquire images continuosly and in all weather conditions.

The New, Systematic Global Flood Monitoring Product of the Copernicus Emergency Management Service

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Salamon ◽  
Niall Mctlormick ◽  
Christopher Reimer ◽  
Tom Clarke ◽  
Bernhard Bauer-Marschallinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Management Service ◽  
Flood Monitoring

scholarly journals E2mC: Improving Emergency Management Service Practice through Social Media and Crowdsourcing Analysis in Near Real Time

Sensors ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 2766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Havas ◽  
Bernd Resch ◽  
Chiara Francalanci ◽  
Barbara Pernici ◽  
Gabriele Scalia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Management Service

scholarly journals Increasing Timeliness of Satellite-Based Flood Mapping Using Early Warning Systems in the Copernicus Emergency Management Service

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2114
Author(s):  
Annett Wania ◽  
Inès Joubert-Boitat ◽  
Francesco Dottori ◽  
Milan Kalas ◽  
Peter Salamon
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Management Service ◽  
Rapid Mapping ◽  
User Request ◽  
Time Stamps ◽  
Information Products ◽  
Product Delivery ◽  
Performance Statistics ◽  
Riverine Floods

Remotely sensed images have become an important source of information for actors involved in disaster management and satellite-based emergency mapping (SEM) is increasingly used to support the response phase in the first hours and days after a disaster occurs. The delivery timeliness of the crisis information is key to the success of SEM. In the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS), a procedure was tested during the past 5 years which links the European Flood Awareness System (EFAS) with the on-demand Rapid Mapping module in order to anticipate satellite tasking in view of an upcoming activation of the service for riverine floods. This study aims at assessing if the procedure has helped to improve the delivery timeliness of the first flood impact information. For the assessment, we used the Rapid Mapping performance statistics recorded from June 2016 to December 2020. Standard Rapid Mapping activations for floods were compared with those preceded by an EFAS based pre-tasking request. The focus was on essential time stamps such as activation start, provision of imagery and the availability of derived information products. For the pre-tasking-related activations, we further compared the EFAS predictions with the Rapid Mapping user request and compared flood predictions with actual observations. Our results show that the EFAS based pre-tasking improves the timeliness of the first product delivery due to the fact that satellite images could be acquired earlier compared to activations without pre-tasking.

scholarly journals Association of particulate matter pollution 〖PM〗_10 and 〖PM〗_2.5 and COVID-19 pandemic in Quito-Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Miguel Eduardo Rodriguez Rodriguez ◽  
Maribel Pérez Pirela
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
World Health ◽  
Management Service ◽  
The World ◽  
Correlation Tests ◽  
Index Terms ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Particulate Matter Pollution

  This study aimed to investigate the associations between particulate matter (PM) concentrations and the confirmed cases, new cases and deaths by Covid-19 in Quito-Ecuador. Covid-19 data were extracted from Ecuador's National Risk Management Service, while the average daily values of   and  were obtained from the data reported by the Quito Environment Secretariat. The analysis of the data was performed using Kendall and Spearman's ranks correlation tests since the data did not present a normal distribution. A strong significant correlation was found between   and confirmed cases and deaths, while between   and confirmed cases, new cases and deaths, the correlation was weak, in both Kendall and Spearman tests. These results are consistent with the growing trends of   due to ash emissions from Sangay and Reventador volcanoes, which are a natural source of PM. As a result, this study supports the possibility that the   could act as a vehicle in the transmission of Covid-19. Our results will help the World Health Organization and the National Risk and Emergency Management Service in Ecuador take effective action to combat Covid-19.   Index Terms— Covid-19, Particulate matter pollution,  Ecuador, Volcanic Ash, Quito, Coronavirus.

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