scholarly journals Mujeres en STEM, un reto educativo

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Jessica Sandoval-Palomares ◽  
Heraclio García-Cervantes ◽  
Alan David Blanco-Miranda ◽  
Didia Carillo-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Academic Training ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Mathematics Majors ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Training Satisfaction ◽  
Labor Issue ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Science Technology And Innovation

Science, technology and innovation are elements to respond to the challenges that must be faced, such as, among others, climate change, renewable energies, the nutrition of humanity, health and the administration of resources. Currently, women have a low percentage of representation in science, technology, engineering and mathematics majors, STEM, for its acronym in English; the gender gap persists in the labor issue, where companies are required to allow women to enter leadership positions. The ONU, to respond to this evident disparity, in 2015 establishes an international day to recognize the important role it has in science and technology, which is proclaimed on February 11 as International Day of Women and Girls in the Science. This research analyzes the perception of women who were trained in STEM careers, with the purpose of knowing their perception in six aspects, namely; Perception of their academic training, ability to learn and solve problems in STEM areas, social, educational or family support, academic training, satisfaction in their work and the work environment, gender stereotypes and the analysis of the skills or competencies required.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Academic Efficacy across STEM Fields

2021 ◽  
pp. 073112142110286
Author(s):  
Jennifer Ashlock ◽  
Miodrag Stojnic ◽  
Zeynep Tufekci
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Stem Fields ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Middle Schoolers ◽  
Self Assessments ◽  
Math Grades ◽  
And Mathematics

Cultural processes can reduce self-selection into math and science fields, but it remains unclear how confidence in computer science develops, where women are currently the least represented in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics). Few studies evaluate both computer skills and self-assessments of skill. In this paper, we evaluate gender differences in efficacy across three STEM fields using a data set of middle schoolers, a particularly consequential period for academic pathways. Even though girls and boys do not significantly differ in terms of math grades and have similar levels of computer skill, the gender gap in computer efficacy is twice as large as the gap for math. We offer support for disaggregation of STEM fields, so the unique meaning making around computing can be addressed.

The Role of Prototype Matching in Science Pursuits: Perceptions of Scientists That Are Inaccurate and Diverge From Self-Perceptions Predict Reduced Interest in a Science Career

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 881-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin McPherson ◽  
Bernadette Park ◽  
Tiffany A. Ito
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Science Career ◽  
Science Interest ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Prototype Matching ◽  
Perceptions Of Students ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Representative Member

Self-to-prototype matching is a strategy of mental comparisons between the self-concept and the typical or “representative” member of a group to make some judgment. Such a process might contribute to interest in pursuing a science career and, relatedly, women’s underrepresentation in physical science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (pSTEM) fields. Across four studies, we measured self–scientist discrepancies on communal, agentic, and scientific dimensions, and assessed participants’ interest in a science career. The most consistent predictor of science interest was the discrepancy between self and scientist on the scientific dimension (e.g., intelligent, meticulous). Study 4 established that students with larger self–scientist discrepancies also had less accurate perceptions of students pursuing science, and that inaccuracy was related to lower science interest. Thus, students with lower science interest do not just perceive scientists differently from themselves but also erroneously. Discrepancy and inaccuracy together explained a significant portion of the gender gap in pSTEM interest.

Will We Ever Close the Gender Gap Among Top Mathematics Achievers? Analysis of Recent Trends by Race in Advanced Placement (AP) Exams

2021 ◽  
pp. 016235322110445
Author(s):  
A. Kadir Bahar
Keyword(s):  
Advanced Placement ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Ap Calculus ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Underrepresentation Of Women ◽  
And Mathematics

Analyzing the test scores of more than 10,000,000 students who participated in the Advanced Placement (AP) math exams from 1997 to 2019, this study examined the direction and magnitude of the trend in gender disparity by race in participation in and top achievement on AP Calculus AB, Calculus BC, and Statistics exams. The results of this study indicated that, in general, females’ representation in all three AP exams increased significantly. Although the findings indicated that the female-to-male ratios (FMRs) in participation in the AP math exams increased significantly from 1997 to 2019 and favored females for all races, the gender disparities among top achievers for all math exams are still substantial. The relationships between the FMRs in participation and top achievement for all AP math exams were also analyzed within races, and the possible impacts of these findings within the context of the underrepresentation of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields were also discussed.

Exploring Reactions to Hacktivism Among STEM College Students: A Preliminary Model of Hacktivism Support and Resistance

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-497
Author(s):  
Lisa M. PytlikZillig ◽  
Shiyuan Wang ◽  
Leen-Kiat Soh ◽  
Alan J. Tomkins ◽  
Ashok Samal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Context ◽  
Mathematics Majors ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Utilitarian Value ◽  
Preliminary Model ◽  
Midwestern University ◽  
Support Resistance ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Willingness To Report

This study investigated the predictors of support for and resistance to hacktivism in a sample of 78 science, technology, engineering, and mathematics majors at a Midwestern university. Results from surveys about real-world instances of hacktivism indicate different preexisting global attitudes predict specific situational hacktivism support (predicted by admiration) versus resistance (predicted by willingness to report). Also, participants gave greater weight to their perceptions of hacktivist (rather than target) trustworthiness/untrustworthiness. Comparisons among different facets of trustworthiness suggest perceptions of shared values with and integrity of the hacktivists are especially important for predicting support and resistance. Participants also were more supportive of hacktivism rated as having higher utilitarian value but not less supportive of hacktivism initiated for retribution. Mediation analyses indicated that situation perceptions significantly mediated the effects of global attitudes on hacktivism support/resistance, but that the significance of specific mediators was inconsistent across analyses. This suggests that the importance of mediators may depend on specific context.

Exploring the YouTube science communication gender gap: A sentiment analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inoka Amarasekara ◽  
Will J Grant
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Science Communication ◽  
Web Search ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
Video Content ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
Content Popularity ◽  
And Mathematics

YouTube has become the second most popular web search engine (see Alexa.com ) and the primary website for individuals and organisations to freely distribute video content. Popularity statistics indicate that Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics–related content is of significant interest to YouTube audiences, yet analysis of the 391 most popular science, engineering and mathematics–themed channels reveals a conspicuous absence of female communicators, with the hosts of just 32 of these channels presenting as female. To help understand potential causes of this gap, analysis was conducted on popularity indicators and audience sentiments of 450 videos from 90 Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics–related channels. Female hosted channels were found to accumulate more comments per view, and significantly higher proportions of appearance, hostile, critical/negative and sexist/sexual commentary.

scholarly journals Barriers and Assistance for Female Leaders in Academic STEM in the US

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Women In Leadership ◽  
Academic Leadership ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Female Leaders ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Home Life ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
The Us ◽  
And Mathematics

Women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields are under-represented, and women are also less likely than men to be in leadership positions generally. Little is known about the intersection of these areas: women in leadership in STEM. To determine what sort of barriers and assistance female STEM leaders have encountered, a survey was developed asking women who are in academic leadership positions in STEM about their experiences. The main barriers were similar in the STEM area and in leadership: balancing work/home life, devaluing of achievements, and imposter syndrome. The main two types of assistance in both STEM and leadership were support from spouse/partner, and encouragement from peers. The main barriers women encounter are cultural and will take time to overcome. The main assistance women have had comes from people, not training or institutional structures.

scholarly journals Gendered Beliefs in STEM Undergraduates: A Comparative Analysis of Fuzzy Rating versus Likert Scales

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6227
Author(s):  
Ana M. Castaño ◽  
M. Asunción Lubiano ◽  
Antonio L. García-Izquierdo
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Likert Scales ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
And Mathematics

Women are underrepresented in growing positions such as those related to STEM field careers (i.e., science, technology, engineering, and mathematics). One of the causes for remaining out of that field could lie on gender stereotypes. Undergraduate stereotypes and beliefs are important as could easily uphold future gender segregation at the workplace. In the research arena the measurement of those biased beliefs is important as most commonly used Likert scales (LS) could raise problems in terms of accuracy. As fuzzy rating scales (FRS) are a promising measurement alternative, the aim of this study is to compare the properties of FRS against LS. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 262 STEM and non-STEM participants who answered to a questionnaire that, besides gendered beliefs and injustice perception towards the situation of women at the workplace, included personal characteristics as coursed degree and working experience. Results pointed out, on one hand, that FRS allowed for a better capture of the variability of individual responses, but on the other hand, that LS were better valued than FRS in what is concerned with satisfaction and ease of response. Advantages of FRS for psychosocial measurement are discussed to facilitate the study around causes of segregation that excludes women from the STEM labour market.

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