scholarly journals Comparing the lifestyles of victims: A routine activity theory assessment of repeat victimization in Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
Zavin Nazaretian ◽  
Chivon Fitch
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Activity Theory ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Routine Activity Theory ◽  
Repeat Victimization ◽  
Routine Activity

This paper simultaneously explores the relationship between social status, routine activity theory, and repeat victimization. This study compares the effects of lifestyle with key social status variables like gender, race, and sexuality, on varying degrees of victimization to answer the question: do routine activities or social status predict repeat victimization? This research is a secondary data analysis using two waves of the Canadian Victimization Survey from 2004 and 2009. Both a logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression are used to analyze the possible causes of repeat victimization. Overall, social status is influenced by lifestyle when predicting victimization; however, key social status variables predict high levels of victimization such as identifying as gay or lesbian or being an Aboriginal Canadian. The most powerful indicator of victimization was if a victim had been previously arrested themselves. The results of this study suggest that, while lifestyle is a strong predictor of victimization, minority groups are still at risk of being victimized at higher levels.

scholarly journals Exploring the Shift from Physical to Cybercrime at the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-62
Author(s):  
Miloslava Plachkinova
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Activity Theory ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Routine Activity Theory ◽  
Routine Activity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Corporate Security ◽  
Awareness Programs ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Staying At Home

The novel coronavirus has made an impact on virtually every aspect of our lives. The current study utilizes secondary data to identify patterns and trends related to shifting crime from the physical to the cyber domain. With millions, if not billions, people staying at home, attackers now look for new ways to commit crimes. Our findings indicate that while a lot of crimes such as robbery, assault, rape, and murder have declined at the beginning of the pandemic, we are also witnessing a rise in cybercrime, vehicle theft, and domestic violence. The current study looks specifically at phishing and what new trends are observed due to COVID-19. The current work is grounded in routine activity theory and demonstrates its relevance to both the physical and cyberspace. The implications of our work can be used by scholars who want to continue researching this new phenomenon. Practitioners can utilize our findings to look for ways to improve the corporate security posture by protecting the employees and customers working from home. Developing new phishing training and awareness programs should be focused around possible scenarios involving COVID-19. Our study suggests victims are more likely to fall prey to those during times of fear and uncertainty like the current pandemic.

An Examination of Motivation and Routine Activity Theory to Account for Cyberattacks Against Dutch Web Sites

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Holt ◽  
Rutger Leukfeldt ◽  
Steve van de Weijer
Keyword(s):  
Activity Theory ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Target Selection ◽  
Routine Activity Theory ◽  
Routine Activity ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Offender Motivation ◽  
Online Spaces ◽  
The Relationship

This study provides a partial test of the relationship between actor motivations and target suitability using a routine activity framework to understand a form of cybercrime called web defacements. Specifically, the relationships between the visibility, inertia, value, and accessibility of the target in online spaces relative to the unique nonmonetary motivations of the attacker were examined. This study utilized a sample of 138,361 web defacements performed against websites hosted within the Netherlands IP space from January 2011 to April 2017. Seven multinomial logistic regression models were conducted for each self-identified motive for the attack, clustered by attacker to minimize the size of standard errors. The findings demonstrated partial support for aspects of routine activity theory to account for differences in offender motivation, suggesting web defacements are similar to other forms of cybercrime. At the same time, motivations differentially shape target selection.

The Predictability of Routine Activity Theory for Cyberbullying Victimization Among Children and Youth: Risk and Protective Factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052199743
Author(s):  
Dana Aizenkot
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
Activity Theory ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Routine Activity Theory ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Routine Activity ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
School Year ◽  
Cyberbullying Victimization

Cyberbullying has been pervading worldwide with negative implications for victims. Therefore, there is an urgent need to better understand this phenomenon and the factors that predict it, as the basis for effective prevention and intervention efforts. The current research aims to examine routine activity theory (RAT) as a theoretical framework predictive of cyberbullying victimization (CV) among children and youth. It was hypothesized that each of the RAT measures and the convergence of all measures predict CV. Data were collected from 5,719 primary, middle, and high school Israeli students (51.9% females) during the 2019–2020 school year via online questionnaires. Regression and moderation analyses were conducted to assess the predictability of CV from RAT measures, separately and converged. All RAT measures, separately and converged, predict CV. While off-line trust negatively predicts CV, other control variables, that is, online trust, educational institution phase, and gender, do not. Implications for school programs and guidelines for parents address the risk and protective factors of CV found. This study provides support for the predictability of CV from RAT and expands the knowledge of risk and protective factors predictive of CV.

Why Individual Employees Commit Malicious Computer Abuse: A Routine Activity Theory Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 1552-1593
Author(s):  
Xin (Robert) Luo ◽  
◽  
Han Li ◽  
Qing Hu ◽  
Heng Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activity Theory ◽  
Routine Activity Theory ◽  
Routine Activity ◽  
Computer Abuse

scholarly journals Cyber victimization within the Routine Activity Theory Framework in the Digital Age

2022 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-291
Author(s):  
Solbey Morillo Puente ◽  
Iván Neftalí Ríos Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Activity Theory ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Routine Activities ◽  
Routine Activity Theory ◽  
Educational Policies ◽  
Routine Activity ◽  
Cyber Victimization ◽  
Victimization Questionnaire ◽  
Theory Framework

This quantitative-based research determined whether the routine activity theory influences cyber victimization. To measure the dimensions of the theory, defined as exposure to a motivated offender, suitable online target, and absence of a capable guardian, a valid and reliable questionnaire was used. The cyber victimization questionnaire developed by Álvarez-García, Dobarro, and Núñez was applied to 1,285 students selected at random from schools in Colombia. Findings: 46% are identified as exposed to a motivated offender, 37.5% are suitable online targets, and 29.8% have no capable guardians. The interdependence of these three elements revealed that 3.9% of students are at risk due to their routine activities, which had a significant influence on cyber victimization. It is proposed that these findings should be considered in the design of communicative and educational policies aimed at a responsible use of technologies.

scholarly journals Covid 19 dan Angka Kriminalitas: Penerapan Teori-Teori Kriminologi

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahrati Fadhilah Taufiq
Keyword(s):  
Activity Theory ◽  
Routine Activity Theory ◽  
Routine Activity ◽  
Opportunity Theory

AbstrakArtikel ini membahas tentang angka kriminalitas di Indonesia pada masa pandemic Covid 19 dengan menganalisis beberapa teori-teori kriminologi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian  yuridis empiris. Hasil penelitian ini adalah terdapat (3) teori yang digunakan sebagai alat untuk menganalisis adanya kejahatan pada masa pandemic, yaitu Opportunity Theory, Teori Kontrol Sosial, Routine Activity Theory. Teori ini dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui penyebab terjadinya kejahatan selama pandemi, dan akhirnya memperhitungkan kebijakan-kebijakan yang akan diambil untuk kedepannya.  Kata Kunci : Covid 19, Angka Kejahatan, Teori Kriminologi.

scholarly journals A Statistical Study of Crime in Ghana

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-16
Author(s):  
Bosson-Amedenu Senyefia ◽  
Eyiah-Bediako Francis ◽  
Kusi Prince
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Equality Of Means ◽  
Homogeneity Of Variance ◽  
The Mean

Understanding the dynamics, patterns, and probabilities associated with the correlates of crime is a promising way to managing crime. In this study, a multinomial logistic regression was used to predict the propensity of individuals for committing particular crimes. The secondary data of 6702 prisoners was collated from Ghana Prisons Service for the purpose of the study. ANOVA and Brown-Forsythe robust tests of equality of means were employed, where the assumptions for homogeneity of variance were sustained and violated respectively. Pearson’s correlation matrix was also used in the analysis. Our findings showed that religious affiliation and educational level of convicts significantly affected the odds that they would commit a particular crime. Multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated that illiteracy significantly affected the odds that one would commit the crimes of manslaughter, rape, theft, causing harm, and issuing death threats. On the other hand, religious affiliation of an offender significantly affected the odds to commit the crime of murder. Educational level (r= -0.25; p< 0.05) and religious affiliation (r= -0.26; p<0.05) correlated negatively with crime. There were no significant differences in the mean score of crime across educational and religious levels. However, there were significant differences in the mean score of crime across age and gender. The mean difference from the post-hoc analysis showed a pattern of an initial rise in crime among the younger age group (8-25 years), a subsequent decline in the age group of 26-35, and a final surge in individuals beyond 35 years that did not surpass the initial peak. Females (M: 6.89, SD: 1.253) were found to have lower crime incidence than males (M: 7.43, SD: 3.008) for all crimes considered in this study. We recommend that Ghana’s Prison Service consider incorporating further demographic information of inmates in order to support research; which could help identify avenues for the amelioration of crime locally.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document