Is There Opportunity Without Stakeholders? A Stakeholder Theory Critique and Development of Opportunity-Actualization

How can stakeholder theory contribute to opportunity theory? We suggest that stakeholder theory affords appropriate theoretical lenses for grounding the opportunity-actualization perspective more firmly within the real-world constraints of business venturing. Actualization departs from a strong focus on entrepreneurial agency to conceptualize how pre-existing environmental conditions determine what entrepreneurial action can achieve. We explain that stakeholder theory can strengthen the outward-looking orientation of actualization by (1) bringing the entirety of stakeholders centre-stage, beyond a narrow focus on market stakeholders, and (2) stressing the importance of noneconomic considerations for the actualization of economic opportunities. Our theorization culminates in the concept of ‘strategic opportunity thinking’ (SOT). We conceptualize SOT as a way of protecting entrepreneurs from the blind-to-stakeholders mindset that either sleepwalks them into the territory of non-opportunity or prevents them from the actualization of real yet difficult-to-actualize opportunities in the absence of stakeholder-centric thinking.

The lean canvas business model training for members of the Indonesian laundry entrepreneurs association (HIPLI)

Community Service Partners are members of the Indonesian Laundry Entrepreneurs Association (HIPLI). This Student Creativity Program (PKM) activity is intended to provide a thorough explanation of the Lean Canvas model, business opportunity theory, appropriate market strategies, and risk analysis for business owners that are members of HIPLI. The participants were trained using presentation and discussion techniques. The feedback from the participants through the questionnaires showed that they were satisfied with the training’s implementation. Finally, this PKM implementation concluded that the Lean Canvas Business Model Training for HIPLI entrepreneurs provided a better understanding of the training material such that participants are more enthusiastic about continuing their business.

Information on Domestic staff utilisation and household crimes

Hiring of domestic staff and its effect on households’ crime has been an issues of great concern in Nigeria. This study is sets to investigate the correlates between domestic staff utilisation and crimes such as kidnapping, stealing and rape. Blocked opportunity theory and structural functionalism theory were adopted. Cross-sectional survey design was used while data was generated view questionnaire. A total sample of 330 respondents were selected from households in Southern Senatorial District of Cross River State, Nigeria. Information retrieved were coded and subjected to statistical analysis. Outcome revealed a significant relationship between the hiring of domestic staff and household crimes (such as kidnapping, stealing and rape). It was recommended among others that house helps should be passably screened through proper employment procedures before they are employed as domestic staff.

Food fraud: an international snapshot and lessons for Australia

Purpose Economically motivated food crimes are widespread, and it appears countries and consumers across the globe are affected. Foods targeted and ways of dealing with food crimes vary according to several factors, including the source and destination of the food; demand; availability (e.g. short growing season); price; environmental impacts, such as sustainability (e.g. seafood); likely consumers (e.g. babies); and regulatory controls. Internationally, several foods are well known to be commonly targeted by unscrupulous criminal groups, ultimately leaving unsuspecting consumers exposed economically and physiologically. The purpose of this paper is to understand the nature of food fraud and the criminals committing it. Design/methodology/approach Building on a systematic search of international scholarly literature from a wide cross-section of disciplines, parliamentary documents and media articles relating to food crime, this paper cautions the vulnerabilities to food crimes in Australia from a criminological perspective. It draws on crime opportunity theory to explain the modus operandi of criminals engaging in food fraud. Findings Inadequate testing regimes, unclear definitions and inadequate laws expose consumers and vulnerable industries to food crimes. With reference to uniquely Australian examples, this paper highlights exposure opportunities and concludes with lessons drawn internationally. Further research is underway to explore how these vulnerabilities can be resolved through closing regulatory gaps and the introduction of innovative technology. Originality/value This paper usefully draws on trends in the literature and applies crime opportunity theory to understand how food fraud may present in Australia for everyday foods, as well as emerging and highly prized markets.

Covid 19 dan Angka Kriminalitas: Penerapan Teori-Teori Kriminologi

AbstrakArtikel ini membahas tentang angka kriminalitas di Indonesia pada masa pandemic Covid 19 dengan menganalisis beberapa teori-teori kriminologi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian yuridis empiris. Hasil penelitian ini adalah terdapat (3) teori yang digunakan sebagai alat untuk menganalisis adanya kejahatan pada masa pandemic, yaitu Opportunity Theory, Teori Kontrol Sosial, Routine Activity Theory. Teori ini dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui penyebab terjadinya kejahatan selama pandemi, dan akhirnya memperhitungkan kebijakan-kebijakan yang akan diambil untuk kedepannya. Kata Kunci : Covid 19, Angka Kejahatan, Teori Kriminologi.

‘Walk softly and carry no stick’: Culture, opportunity and irresponsible risk-taking in the Irish banking sector

This article examines the generative conditions giving rise to the commission of irresponsible risk-taking in the Irish banking sector using differential association and opportunity theories. This framework is used as a lens to demonstrate how, at both an individual and a group level, ideas, beliefs, expectations, rewards and punishments had a causal impact on banking culture, where competitive and aggressive risk-taking was prioritised, networked and routinised. Though differential association theory and opportunity theory are usually treated as separate (and somewhat opposing) perspectives, this article offers a framework that integrates them both. It employs differential association only as a partial explanation, explaining that wrongdoing does not occur only where there is an excess of ‘definitions’ favouring it; it occurs when capable guardians are removed or undercut. The opportunity perspective is adopted to examine how the absence of credible supervision and enforcement in the financial services sector created situational conditions that facilitated wrongdoing. Moreover, opportunity theory is valuable in this context because it explains that the extent to which protection is offered often depends on political processes to create a structure and culture of enforcement and prosecution of offenders. Prior to the crisis, Ireland was championing light-touch regulation, advertising itself as an attractive place to do business, in which there was insufficient political support for tough sanctions to address financial wrongdoing.