BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF GREY FOREST SOILS OF THE STARODUB AND BRYANSK OPOLIE AGROECOSYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Humus Horizon ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Crop Cultivation ◽  
Soil Microbiota ◽  
Grey Forest Soil

The main indicators of biological activity of grey forest soils of the Starodub and Bryansk Opolie in natural ecosystems, regular and intensive agroecosystems, including radioactively contaminated ones, were determined year by year. It is established that the radioactivity of the soils in the natural ecosystem catena of the Starodub Opolie is practically identical. In agroecosystems the radionuclides in soil catenas are redistributed. They are accumulated in the agrohorizons of soil cavities. In the natural ecosystem the total number of invertebrates and the absolute number of earthworms are higher in grey forest soils, having the second humus horizon cavities, than in the grey forest soils of the neighboring low ridge. In both soils of opolie the earthworms predominate among invertebrates, accounting for about 81 % of their total number. Radioactive contamination reduces the number of earthworms less than the intensification of crop cultivation technologies. In the grey forest soil of the regular agroecosystem, this figure is reduced by 56%, and in the grey forest soil with the second humus horizon by 76 %. In intensive agroecosystems the number of earthworms is reduced less, by 39 and 23 %, respectively. The biomass of the microbiota is significantly greater in the grey forest soils with the second humus horizon of the soil cavities than in the grey forest soils of the neighboring low ridge. Radioactive contamination of these soils reduces microbiota biomass less than intensification of crop cultivation technologies. In the grey forest soils of the agroecosystem, this figure is reduced by 50%, and in the grey forest soil with the second humus horizon by 61 %. In the intensive agroecosystem the biomass of microbiota decreases less intensively, by 30 and 46 %, respectively. In the incubation experiment on the grey forest soils of the Bryansk Opolje it is marked that soil enrichment with organic matter activates the soil microbiota more than 2 times. To a lesser extent, soil respiration increases with NPK application. This figure rises more than 5 times with the combined use of straw and NPK. In the field experiment, the cultivation of winter wheat in the crop rotation after annual grasses and mineral fertilization at the rate of NeoPeoKm+Neo activated the soil microbiota by 75-76 %. The biological cultivation technology on the background of the aftereffect of dung, straw and green manure without mineral fertilization causes a decrease in soil respiration and cellulolytic activity, as compared with the intensive technology.

Evidence for the involvement of the soil microbiota in the exclusion of Fusarium from coniferous forest soils

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Schisler ◽  
R. G. Linderman
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Propylene Oxide ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Soil Microbiota ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Stimulation Of

Fusarium was recovered from only 1 of 14 Pacific Northwest coniferous forest soils but from all 7 nursery soils tested. Assays using high concentrations of Fusarium oxysporum macroconidia added to soil determined that forest soils stimulate macroconidial germination [Formula: see text] often followed by germ-tube lysis or the formation of stunted chlamydospores, while nursery soils support little macroconidial germination [Formula: see text]. Treatment of forest soils with aerated steam (minimum of 45 °C for 30 min), radiation, or propylene oxide reduced the amount of germination in forest soils, suggesting that the forest soil microbiota is involved in the stimulation of macroconidial germination. Bacteria isolated from F. oxysporum hyphae placed in forest, field, or nursery soils on nylon screens did not significantly influence germ-tube lysis when combined with macroconidia in a nutrient broth. Chemical, physical, and nutritional properties of forest soils likely affect the capacity of the forest soil microbiota to influence Fusarium macroconidial germination and germ-tube lysis.

Variability in soil CO2 fluxes across a range of forest types and edaphic conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Walkiewicz ◽  
Piotr Bulak ◽  
Mohammad Ibrahim Khalil ◽  
Bart Kruijt ◽  
Pia Gottschalk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Silty Soil ◽  
Mature Stand ◽  
Young Forest

<p>Forests play a key role in the global carbon (C) balance. On the one hand, a large amount of C is sequestered in soils, and on the other hand, the forest soils are also a significant source of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>). Soil respiration includes anaerobic and aerobic microbial respiration, and root respiration which may contribute even more that half of the total soil respiration. Assessment of the contribution of forest soils to CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, in addition to C sequestration, is worth special attention in the context of increasing climate change. To address this field experiments were carried out to assess the CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes of 10 different forest soil types with different tree species (deciduous, coniferous, and mixed) in Poland (using static chamber method). The highest CO<sub>2</sub> emissions were observed for a silty soil under the youngest deciduous forest (12 y.) with a  daily average of 1.66 ± 0.7 g CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup>-2</sup> d<sup>-1</sup>. The lowest daily mean CO<sub>2</sub> flux was associated with a sandy soil in a mature stand of a predominantly coniferous forest (0.87 ± 0.3 g CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup>-2</sup> d<sup>-1</sup>). Annual averages were in the range 3.21 t C ha<sup>-1</sup> to 6.06 t C ha<sup>-1</sup> for a mature and young forest, respectively. The main factor causing differences in CO<sub>2</sub> emissions could have been the contribution of both trees and soil properties to hydrological conditions. The young forest was covered with trees with a lower root system forest and the young trees could have a lower demand for water resulting in a higher soil moisture content than in a mature forest soil. Different CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes could be also a result of a higher water storage capacity in silty soil in the young forest than that of a sandy soil under mature stand. In addition to water supply, the activity of soil microorganisms is also regulated by C availability which was about 30% lower in sandy soil than in silty soil. The two-yearly measurements showed seasonal variations in CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes depending on the soil type, age and tree species. Regardless of the characteristics of the forest being studied, the highest CO<sub>2</sub> emissions occurred in the summer or spring and the lowest CO<sub>2</sub> emissions were found  in winter as a result of a strong influence of temperature on the biological processes under investigation. The observed seasonality in CO<sub>2</sub> emission may be attributed to changes in soil moisture during the measurement periods since soil water content regulates microbial activity and gaseous diffusion. Statistical analyses, however, imply that temperature could have  a stronger control over CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from the soils studied than soil moisture.</p><p>Research was conducted under the project financed by Polish National Centre for Research and Development within of ERA-NET CO-FUND ERA-GAS Programme (ERA-GAS/I/GHG-MANAGE/01/2018) “GHG-Manage”.</p>

scholarly journals MICROBIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATE OF GRAY FOREST SOIL APPLIED FOR IRRIGATION OF URBAN WASTEWATER

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
V. Ye. Dyshliuk
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
Grey Forest Soil

The results of studies of the effect of irrigation with biologically purified urban wastewater on thebiological activity of grey forest soil and its environmental state are presented. Irrigated by wastewaterunder optimal mineral agrarian background provided comfortable conditions for the activity ofmicrobiota and increased biological activity of soil. According to the parameters of total biologicalactivity, irrigated soil is classified as anthropogenically degraded with a good environmental condition.

INFLUENCE METHODS OF MAIN GREY FOREST SOIL ON ITS BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF WINTER WHEAT

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (62) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
M.V. Sorokina ◽  
◽  
V.T. Lobkov ◽  
Y.A. Bobkova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Grey Forest Soil

The effectiveness of granular chalk use for growing winter wheat on grey forest soil

2020 ◽  
pp. 181-191
Author(s):  
M. Tkachenko ◽  
N. Borys ◽  
Ye. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Grey Forest Soil

The research aims to establish the eff ectiveness of granular chalk use produced by «Slavuta-Calcium» Ltd. under growing Poliska–90 winter wheat variety, changing the physicochemical properties of grey forest soil and the wheat productivity. It also aims to establish optimal dosis of «Slavuta-Calcium» granular chalk as the meliorant and mineral fertilizer for grey forest soil in the system of winter wheat fertilization. In the temporary fi eld studies, various doses of nutrients N60–90–120P30–45–60K60–90–120 combined with «Slavuta–Calcium» granular chalk in a dose of Ca230–460–690 kg/ha of the active substance were studied against the background of secondary plowing of rotation products – soybean biomass that averaged 2.34 t/ha. Granular chalk is a modern complex highly eff ective meliorant with the content of Ca – 37.7 and Mg – 0.2 %, the mass fraction of carbonates (CaCO3 + MgCO3) makes at least 95 %. It is characterized by a high level of solubility when interacting with moisture in soil. It has a form of white granules, the mass fraction of 4.0–6.0 mm in size granules makes not less than 90 % and the one of 1.0 mm in size makes less than 5 %. Reactivity – 97 %. The granular chalk is advisable to apply on acidic soils, as a highly concentrated calcium-magnesium fertilizer, with the former as the dominant fertilizer, to optimize the physicochemical properties of the soil, as well as the plant nutrition system, in particular, increasing the availability of an element for assimilation by plants and as long-term ameliorants. The eff ectiveness of the use of mineral fertilizers, in particular acidic nitrogen on highly and medium acidic soils, after chemical reclamation is increased by 30–50 %, and slightly acidic by 15–20 %. The increase in productivity of crops from the combined eff ects of nutrients and chalk granulated is usually higher than when separately applied. The eff ectiveness of the integrated action of these elements is manifested in the growth of plant productivity and the quality of the resulting products, as well as the optimization of physical chemical properties and soil buff ering in the long term. In order to optimize the physicochemical properties of the arable layer of gray forest soil and the productive nutrition of agricultural crops, winter wheat, in particular, biogenic elements should be used in doses N60-90-120P30-45- 60K60-90-120 with granulated chalk «Slavuta-Calcium» in doses of Ca230-460-690 kg/ha of active substance. Granulated chalk obtained as a result of industrial grinding of solid sedimentary carbonate rocks of natural origin, subsequently under the infl uence of the granulation process of the starting material contains Ca and Mg carbonates of at least 95 %, dense granules which facilitates convenient mechanized application, as well as chalk suitable for accurate metered application on the quest map. Key words: granular chalk, gray forest soil, chemical reclamation, crop productivity.

scholarly journals Drought legacies on soil respiration and microbial community in a Mediterranean forest soil under different soil moisture and carbon inputs

Geoderma ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 405 ◽  
pp. 115425
Author(s):  
Lei Liu ◽  
Marc Estiarte ◽  
Per Bengtson ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Dolores Asensio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Mediterranean Forest

scholarly journals Effect of systematic application of mineral fertilizers and long-term aftereffect of liming on the organic matter of light-grey forest soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-168
Author(s):  
N. A. Kodochilova ◽  
T. S. Buzynina ◽  
L. D. Varlamova ◽  
E. A. Katerova
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Fertilized Soil ◽  
Grey Forest Soil ◽  
Nizhny Novgorod Region

The studies on assessment of changes in the content and composition of soil organic matter under the influence of the systematic use of mineral fertilizers (NPK)1, (NPK)2, (NPK)3 against the background of the aftereffect of single liming in doses of 1.0 and 2.0 h. a. (control – variants without fertilizers and lime) were conducted in the conditions of the Nizhny Novgorod region in a long – term stationary experiment on light-grey forest soil. The research was carried out upon comple-tion of the fifth rotation of the eight-field crop rotation. The results of the study showed that for 40 years (from 1978 to 2018) the humus content in the soil (0-20 cm) decreased by 0.19-0.52 abs. % in variants as compared to the original (1.60 %); though, humus mineralization was less evident against the background of long-term use of mineral fertilizers compared to non-fertilized control. The higher humus content in the topsoil was noted in the variants with minimal (NPK)1 and increased (NPK)2 doses of fertilizer – 1.41 and 1.25 %, respectively. The humus content in non-fertilized soil and when applying high (NPK)3 doses of mineral fertilizers was almost identical – 1.08-1.09 %. The predominant group in the composition of humus were humic acids, the content of which in the experiment on average was 37.8 % of the total carbon with an evident decrease from 42.6 % in the control to 31.8% when applying increased doses of mineral fertilizers. The aftereffect of liming, carried out in 1978, was unstable and did not significantly affect the content and composition of soil organic matter.

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