Imams’ Prison Service in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast in 2007-2021

This article is devoted to the imams’ prison service of the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the Nizhny Novgorod Region (DUMNO) in the institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in 2007-2021. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the imams’ work comes as a contribution to the observance of the convicts’ rights for the freedom of conscience and to the help in practicing their religion. This article describes the evolution of the imams’ prison service as a form of social service in the period from 2007 to 2021 in institutions of to the Offi ce of Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in Nizhny Novgorod Region. The source base of the study includes materials of the offi cial websites of the DUMNO, the Offi ce of Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in Nizhny Novgorod Region, the media content, Russian legislation and regulations, interviews with imams, offi cials of Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia and convicts. The study results a vision of the evolution of relations between DUMNO and the Offi ce of Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in Nizhny Novgorod Region. The paper demonstrates a gradual increase in the number of imams’ contacts, forms of work with convicts to improve the situation in the fi eld of rights of convicts. Moreover, the research exposes the fact of growing numbers of imams having gained experience in prison service. According to the results of the study Islamic education for convicts comes as the important part of imams’ prison service.

Local Rural Holidays of Russian Peasants as a System of Sacred Communication (based on the materials of the Nizhny Novgorod region)

Introduction. The article proposes a worldview approach for typologizing local religious holidays of the rural population of the Nizhny Novgorod region, in which they are considered as a system of communication between the human collective and the divine. Results. The life of the Russian peasant was built up in a constant dialogue with the divine, the mediators of this dialogue were the patron saints of the community, communication with whom was carried out through local holidays established in their honor. Various forms of celebration correlated in the worldview of Russian peasants with different reasons for turning to the patron saints, which allowed the author to distinguish two types of local religious holidays that differ in their functions: petition holidays and thanksgiving holidays. Discussion and Conclusion. The system of local religious holidays was not only an accessible mechanism of religious practices for Russian peasants, but also a traditional way of life support. The holidays of supplication and the holidays of thanksgiving, complementing each other in a number of functions, were closely connected with the life of the peasant community. The former was responsible for earthly goods and united people using common natural resources in religious communication, the latter ensured the spiritual kinship of members of tribal groups united in a single veneration of their patron saint. Every significant event in the secular and spiritual life of the peasant world found its expression in the local holiday calendar.

Seasonal changes in the pigment composition of needles of representatives of the genus spruce in the Nizhny Novgorod region

Изучали таксационные показатели лесных культур лиственницы Сукачева, заложенных в 1986 г. на юго-западной границе естественного распространения вида в Сергачском межрайонном лесничестве Нижегородской области. Координаты первого участка N 55.541378, E 45.471119; второго – N 55.541388, E 45.471125. Получена оценка эффективности их создания в указанном регионе. Методологической основой рабочих методик служил принцип единственного логического различия. Работа выполнялась полевым стационарным методом. Характеристика культур лиственницы давалась по результатам натурного обследования. Пробные площади закладывали в соответствии с действующим отраслевым стандартом. Подтверждена благоприятность лесорастительных условиях для естественного произрастания лиственницы Сукачева и широкие возможности интродукции близкородственных видов. Обнаружена неодинаковая изменчивость таксационных показателей. В частности, по диаметру ствола и его высоте она незначительна и отнесена преимущественно к низкому уровню: на первом участке 14,21% и 11,34%; на втором – 17,11 и 9,16% соответственно. По другим признакам изменчивость выше (чаще средний и повышенный уровень) и в ряде случаев достигает высокого (объем ствола) и очень высокого (коэффициент асимметрии кроны) уровня. Зафиксированы существенные различия между участками лесных культур по большинству таксационных показателей, подтвержденные дисперсионным анализом. Эффект их влияния на общий фон фенотипической дисперсии неодинаков. По диаметру ствола он минимален и составил 6,68±1,37%. Наибольшие оценки получены по расстоянию до первого живого сучка – 30,42±1,05%. Определено, что лесные культуры лиственницы Сукачева, созданные в Нижегородской области, достигая к возрасту 34 высоты 14 – 15 м, формируют насаждения первого класса бонитета. We studied the taxation indicators of forest crops of Sukhdev larch, laid in 1986 on the south-western border of the natural distribution of the species in the Sergachsky interdistrict forestry of the Nizhny Novgorod region. The coordinates of the first section are N 55.541378, E 45.471119; the second section is N 55.541388, E 45.471125. An assessment of the effectiveness of their creation in the specified region was obtained. The methodological basis of the working methods was the principle of the only logical difference. The work was carried out by the field stationary method. The characteristics of larch crops were given based on the results of a field survey. The test areas were laid in accordance with the current industry standard. The favorable forest conditions for the natural growth of Sukachev larch and the wide opportunities for the introduction of closely related species were confirmed. Unequal variability of taxation indicators was found. In particular, in terms of trunk diameter and height, it is insignificant and is mainly attributed to the low level: in the first section, 14.21% and 11.34%; in the second-17.11 and 9.16%, respectively. According to other signs, the variability is higher (more often the average and increased level) and in some cases reaches a high (trunk volume) and very high (crown asymmetry coefficient) level. Significant differences between forest crop plots were recorded in most of the taxation indicators, which were confirmed by the analysis of variance. The effect of their influence on the general background of the phenotypic variance is not the same. By the diameter of the trunk, it is minimal and amounted to 6.68±1.37%. The highest estimates were obtained for the distance to the first live knot – 30.42±1.05%. It is determined that the forest cultures of Sukachev larch, created in the Nizhny Novgorod region, reaching a height of 14-15 m by the age of 34, form plantings of the first class of bonitet.

Interaction of business with the divisions of the Agency for economic safety and corruption counteraction of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs (opinion of the small businesses of Nizhniy Novgorod region).

Objective: based on a sociological research, to analyze, study and disclose the types, forms and quality of interaction between representatives of small and medium-sized businesses of the Nizhny Novgorod region with the economic security and anti- corruption units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.Methods: general scientific (analysis, systemic-structural approach to the analysis of the research object, comparative legal method), as well as logical and specific scientific methods (survey – questioning of the business community of the Nizhny Novgorod region).Results: the methods and features of interaction between representatives of small and medium-sized businesses and departments of economic security and anti-corruption of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia of the Nizhny Novgorod region in the course of entrepreneurial activity are identified and classified; the problems in the interaction of representatives of small and medium-sized businesses and departments of economic security and anti-corruption of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Nizhny Novgorod region are analyzed.Scientific novelty: based on the opinions of representatives of small and medium-sized businesses of the Nizhny Novgorod region, the article identifies and systematizes the main characteristics, including problematic ones, of the level and quality of interaction between representatives of small and medium-sized businesses with economic security and anti-corruption units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Based on the empirical research data obtained, the types and forms of interaction, ways of their implementation, and a mechanism for assessing the quality of interaction between representatives of small and medium-sized businesses of the Nizhny Novgorod region with economic security and anti-corruption units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the future are proposed. Among them, the obligation to voluntarily report cases of corruption and economic offenses; to support their employees who informed about the preparation or commission of an economic or corruption offense; to provide legal information to employees on the prevention of corruption and economic offenses; to assist authorized representatives of the units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation in conducting inspections of the organization’s activities; to support the identification and investigation of corruption, economic crimes and by the units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation and to involve specialists in the relevant field of law when preparing responses to requests from law enforcement agencies.Practical significance: the study results can be used to improve the quality of interaction between representatives of small and medium-sized businesses with the divisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, in particular, by entrepreneurs assuming public obligations to report cases of corruption and economic offenses to law enforcement agencies, which the organization (employees of the organization) became aware of, as well as the implementation of measures to support the employees who reported to law enforcement agencies about information that became known to them during the performance of their work duties about the preparation or commission of an economic or corruption offense.

Sustainability of rural development

The article compares indicators characterizing the achievement of sustainable development goals in the framework of national projects for two regions - Nizhny Novgorod and Moscow regions, which differ in the degree of urbanization. The Nizhny Novgorod region is inferior to indicators, both in the Russian Federation and in the Moscow region. Lagging behind the Nizhny Novgorod region in the main targets will require more efforts in achieving development goals. Analysis of changes in the administrative structure of rural territories of the regions for 2011-2020 showed that the enlargement of municipalities and the creation of urban and municipal districts accelerates the formation of rural-urban territories. In the Moscow region, rural settlements were completely eliminated, urban districts were created. Sustainability of rural development is defined as a complex concept, stable state and balanced harmless use of resources in each of the interconnected areas of development. There are an organization, an environment, a territory.

Investigation of the parameters of traveling ionospheric disturbances using a chirp ionosonde

This article presents the results of experimental studies of parameters of natural traveling ionospheric disturbances of “sickle” type observed at mid-latitudes using linear frequency modulation ionosondes. Technical parameters of the ionosondes used are given. Experiments were carried out on slightly inclined paths in the central part of Russia in 2015 - 2020 in the daytime. The transmitting station was located in the village of Vasilsursk, Nizhny Novgorod Region. Registration was carried out in the city of Nizhny Novgorod. Examples of ionograms obtained in the course of measurements with different structure of perturbations are given. Estimates of development times of disturbances and their frequency range have been made. The structure of the received signal is analyzed. Based on the results of a complex experiment using a network of synchronously operating ionosondes of the same type, the data obtained were analyzed and direction and magnitude of propagation velocity of the phase front of moving disturbance were determined. A possible mechanism for the imitation of one-way vertical motion of a traveling disturbance characteristic of the mid-latitude ionosphere is discussed within the framework of multipath propagation of radio waves.

Common Crane as a species indicating the conservation importance of wetlands

The relevance of the study is determined by the high importance of wetlands in the ecological frameworks of territories and the need for methodological approaches to identify wetlands of high conservation importance. The paper is aimed to demonstrate the indicator role of the Common crane to determine the conservation importance of wetlands on the example of the Nizhny Novgorod region. Objectives: to estimate the number of the common crane in existing and reserved protected areas; to analyze the presence of wildlife species listed in the Red Data Book of the Nizhny Novgorod region in these protected areas. The results of many years of surveys as well as data from the Red Data Book of Nizhny Novgorod region are analyzed. It is shown that within 93 protected areas of the total area 491870 ha 135598.4 ha of wetlands are protected, where 830 territorial pairs of cranes (about 60% of the regional population of the species) inhabit. Along with the common crane, these areas serve to protect almost all (91%) obligate wetland wildlife species listed in the Red Data Book of Nizhny Novgorod region, 82% of rare species associated with wetlands and 53% of species not associated with wetlands. Our calculations showed a high correlation of the number of rare wildlife species with the wetland area (correlation coefficient 0.75). The correlation of the number of rare species with the number of common crane was higher (correlation coefficient 0.82). Quantitative correlations of the number of rare wildlife species with the area of wetlands and the number of common cranes were also calculated. The obtained conclusions allow using the number of the common crane for substantiation of importance of wetlands for nature protection and establishment of protected areas.

Epidemiology of Oncological Diseases in the Nizhny Novgorod Region in 2017–2019

As we know, neoplasms are characterized by high prevalence. The purpose of this study was to analyse the dynamics of cancers in the Nizhny Novgorod Region in 2017–2019. Materials and methods. The object of this research were the residents of the city of Nizhny Novgorod and the Nizhny Novgorod Region who sought medical help at Polyclinic No. 3 of the Volga District Medical Centre, Russia’s Federal Medical-Biological Agency (Nizhny Novgorod). Computed tomography was used to diagnose neoplasms. Results. In 2017, 50,470 diseases were identified, of which 2548 were neoplasms (599 malignant, and the rest benign). In 2018, 57,012 diseases were diagnosed, of which 2710 neoplasms, 639 being malignant. In 2019, the statistics was rather similar: a total of 55,110 diseases, of which 2705 neoplasms (661 malignant). Thus, the total number of diagnosed diseases, neoplasms included, was somewhat less in 2017, which can be explained by certain improvement in diagnostics and reporting, as well as a more active participation of the population in screening in 2018–2019. The absolute number of malignant neoplasms, although not much, still grows annually, and they are typically diagnosed after the age of 55–60 years. In general, the most often attacked is the digestive system, which is indicated by a steady increase in the number of new diagnoses by 1.5–2 % each year. Fortunately, there is also a positive trend, i.e. the number of malignant tumours of the excretory system, skin and female repr oductive system is falling. For citation: Saburtsev S.A., Chemodanov P.G. Epidemiology of Oncological Diseases in the Nizhny Novgorod Region in 2017–2019. Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 417–425. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z079

The problem of selecting digital development priorities for the region and ways of its solution

The article discusses the problems of choosing digital development paths for the region, using the Nizhny Novgorod region as an example. Based on the hierarchy analysis method, regional policy priorities for deepening digitalisation processes have been determined. Alternative directions for the region’s digital development have been proposed in terms of priorities for improving information and communication infrastructure, enhancing human resources capacity, creating new digital technologies and investments in digitalisation. The necessity of integration of federal and municipal information systems and development of advanced production technologies related to information and communication technologies necessary to ensure the competitiveness and economic security of enterprises in the Nizhny Novgorod region has been substantiated.

The results of the use of imported from the USA semen of breeding bulls in the Nizhny Novgorod region

Purpose: Study of the results of the use of bull-producers imported from the United States in the conditions of the Nizhny Novgorod region.Materials and methods. The work was performed in 2018-2019 in the farms of the Nizhny Novgorod region. The object of study - the heifers of the Holstein breed, which reached 360-380 kg of a living mass aged 13 months and above. Total experience used 495 heifers. Feeding chubs was carried out in accordance with feeding norms, taking into account the physiological state of animals. The insemination of the heifers was carried out by the rectocervical way after synchronization of hunting. We studied the number of seeds, the pregnancy from one insemination, the number of abortions and the number of repeated pubs within a month after the hotel. Statistical analysis of the data obtained was carried out in the SPSSV.15.0 program.Results. It has been established that more than 70% of the heifers were invented at the age of 13-15 months. The pregnancy from one insemination was 58%. The best result (72.2%) was obtained in the group of heifers aged 19 months and above. The results of the study show that the seed season plays an essential role in seeding. The best indicators were obtained in the summer period - 60%, in autumn - 54% and in winter - 56%.Conclusion. The data obtained give reason to believe that the optimal age of the insemination of the heifer is 13-15 months. The result of artificial insemination of the heifer has an influence of the season of the year in the insemination and season of birth of heifers, while the birth season as a factor has a higher value.