scholarly journals Analysis of thermal properties, water vapor resistance and radiant heat transmission through different combinations of firefighter protective clothing

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (06) ◽  
pp. 458-465
Author(s):  
NAEEM JAWAD ◽  
ADNAN MAZARI ◽  
AKCAGUN ENGIN ◽  
HAVELKA ANTONIN ◽  
KUS ZDENEK
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Flux Density ◽  
Heat Flux Density ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Thermal Protective Performance ◽  
Firefighter Protective Clothing ◽  
Protective Performance ◽  
Different Levels

This experimental work is an effort to seek the possibility of improvement in thermal protective performance of firefighter protective clothing at different levels of heat flux density. Improvement in thermal protective performance means enhancement in the time of exposure against the heat flux, which will provide extra time to firefighters to perform their duties without suffering from severe injuries. Four different multilayer combinations of firefighter protective clothing were investigated. Each combination consists of outer shell, moisture barrier and thermal liner. Aerogel sheet was also employed as a substitute to thermal barrier. Initially, properties like thermal resistance, thermal conductivity, and water vapor resistance of multilayer fabric assemblies were investigated. Later on these combinations were exposed to different levels of radiant heat flux density i.e. at 10, 20 and 30 kW/m2 as per ISO 6942 standard. It was noted that those combinations in which aerogel blanket was used as thermal barrier acquire greater thermal resistance, water vapor resistance and have less transmitted heat flux density values.

scholarly journals Review: Radiation Heat Transfer Through Fire Fighter Protective Clothing

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jawad Naeem ◽  
Adnan Ahmed Mazari ◽  
Antonin Havelka
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Fire Fighter ◽  
Radiation Heat ◽  
Thermal Protective Performance ◽  
Firefighter Protective Clothing ◽  
Protective Performance ◽  
Different Levels

A fire fighter garment is multilayer protective clothing with an outer shell, moisture barrier and thermal barrier, respectively. Fire fighters encounter different levels of radiant heat flux while performing their duties. This review study acknowledges the importance and performance of fire fighter protective clothing when subjected to a low level of radiation heat flux as well as the influence of air gaps and their respective position on the thermal insulation behaviour of multilayer protective clothing. Thermal insulation plays a vital role in the thermal comfort and protective performance of fire fighter protective clothing (FFPC). The main emphasis of this study was to analyse the performance of FFPC under different levels of radiant heat flux and how the exposure time of fire fighters can be enhanced before acquiring burn injuries. The preliminary portion of this study deals with the modes of heat transportation within textile fabrics, the mechanism of thermal equilibrium of the human body and the thermal protective performance of firefighter protective clothing. The middle  portion is concerned with thermal insulation and prediction of the physiological load of  FFPC. The last section deals with numerical models of heat transmission through firefighter protective clothing assemblies and possible utility of aerogels and Phase Change Materials  (PCMs) for enhancing the thermal protective performance of FFPC.

scholarly journals Comparison of thermal performance of firefi ghter protective clothing at diff erent levels of radiant heat flux density

Tekstilec ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jawad Naeem ◽  
◽  
Adnan Mazari ◽  
Funda Buyuk Mazari ◽  
Zdenek Kus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Flux Density ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Heat Flux Density ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Radiant Heat Flux

scholarly journals Experimental study on moisture transfer through firefighters' protective fabrics in radiant heat exposures

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1665-1671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Chen ◽  
Fanglong Zhu ◽  
Qianqian Feng ◽  
Kejing Li ◽  
Rangtong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Moisture Transfer ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Heat Radiation ◽  
Radiant Heat Flux ◽  
Thermal Protective Performance ◽  
Protective Fabrics ◽  
Protective Performance ◽  
Radiation Time

The effects of absorbed moisture on thermal protective performance of fire-fighters? clothing materials under radiant heat flux conditions were analyzed in this paper. A thermal protective performance tester and temperature sensor were used to measure the temperature variations for the facecloth side of four kinds of commonly used flame retardant fabrics in several radiant heat exposures, which varied in moisture content. Experimental results showed that, all of the temperature profiles of these four kinds of moistened fabrics under different radiant heat flux conditions presented the same variation trend. The addition of moisture had a positive influence on the thermal protective performance during the constant temperature period when heat radiation time was more than 60 seconds. As the heat radiation time increased beyond 500 seconds, the thermal protective performance of moistened fabrics became worse than that of dried fabrics in general.

The effects of moisture on the thermal protective performance of firefighter protective clothing under medium intensity radiant exposure

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (8) ◽  
pp. 847-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Guowen Song ◽  
Haitao Ren ◽  
Juan Cao
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Outer Shell ◽  
Absorbed Energy ◽  
Thermal Protective Performance ◽  
Degree Burn ◽  
Firefighter Protective Clothing ◽  
Protective Performance ◽  
Second Degree

Current firefighter protective clothing is composed of multilayer fabric systems. The outer shell fabrics inevitably become wet in the process of firefighters performing their duties, and sweat may also increase moisture in the inner layers of protective clothing. In this study, two kinds of outer shell fabrics (aramid IIIA fabric and aramid 1313 and flame-retardant viscose-blended fabric) and two kinds of thermal liner fabrics with different thicknesses were selected. Three wetness conditions were simulated for the outer shell fabric, thermal liner fabric and both fabrics together. A modified thermal protective performance (TPP) tester was applied to assess TPP provided by these wetted fabrics; in addition, second-degree skin burn time was predicted and absorbed energy indexes were calculated. The regression method was employed to create fitting curves for absorbed energy and second-degree burn time in different configurations and the Pearson correlation was established to analyze their relationship, in which the lowest R2 value could reach 0.9122 and p-values were all much less than 0.05. Performance results for both wet conditions indicated that outer shell moisture and a thicker thermal liner have a positive and increased negative effect, respectively, on fabric TPP. When the sample S-3-D (aramid 1313 and flame-retardant viscose-blended fabric, moisture barrier and the thin thermal liner) was both wetted in the outer shell and thermal liner, its second-degree burn time was improved by 12.8% over performance in dry conditions. These findings may have important applications for the design and manufacture of optimal protective performance clothing systems.

Characterization and modelling of thermal protective performance of fabrics under different levels of radiant-heat exposures

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 1184-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Mandal ◽  
Simon Annaheim ◽  
Martin Camenzind ◽  
René M Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Thermal Protective Performance ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Protective Performance ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Models

The investigation of thermal protective performance of fabrics is highly relevant in order to procure and further develop the firefighters' protective clothing. Therefore, this paper aims at investigating the thermal protective performance of fabrics used in firefighters' clothing under different levels of radiant-heat exposures. For this, properties of a set of thermal protective single- and multi-layered fabrics were measured, and these fabrics were tested under radiant-heat exposures using the Method B of ISO 6942:2002 standard. During the testing, fabrics were exposed to low (10 kW/m2), medium (40 kW/m2), and high (80 kW/m2) intensity radiant-heat exposures; and the heat transfer level (i.e., time required to increase the skin temperature of a wearer/firefighter by certain degrees) through these fabrics were calculated to measure their thermal protective performance. The effects of fabric parameters, structures, properties, and radiant-heat intensities on the protective performance were characterized, and fabric properties that significantly affected the protective performance were statistically identified at different level of radiant-heat exposures. It has been found that weight, thickness, thermal resistance, and evaporative resistance can positively affect the protective performance. Also, the significant fabric properties affecting the protective performance vary for single- and multi-layered fabrics. By using these significant properties, the protective performance of single- and multi-layered fabrics were also separately predicted by mathematical models, i.e., multiple linear regression models and multiple logarithmic regression models. As per the findings of this study, multiple linear regression models can effectively be used to predict the thermal protective performance of fabrics. This study will lead towards building a better understanding and prediction of thermal protective performance of fabrics under radiant-heat exposures.

Thermal protective performance of protective clothing used for low radiant heat protection

2010 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guowen Song ◽  
Stephen Paskaluk ◽  
Rohit Sati ◽  
Elizabeth M Crown ◽  
J. Doug Dale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Thermal Protective Performance ◽  
Heat Protection ◽  
Protective Performance
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