scholarly journals Spatial variation regularities of hydrothermal coefficient of Selyaninov in the Crimean Peninsula conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 320-325
Author(s):  
Евгений Александрович Рыбалко ◽  
Наталья Валентиновна Баранова ◽  
Виктория Юрьевна Борисова

Целью исследования является изучение закономерностей пространственного варьирования гидротермического коэффициента за вегетационный период в условиях Крымского полуострова. Исследования проводились на базе сектора агроэкологии, материалами послужили электронная модель рельефа SRTM-3 территории Крымского полуострова и многолетние данные наблюдений метеостанций. Для оценки условий увлажнения зон выращивания винограда использован гидротермический коэффициент Г.Т.Селянинова (ГТК). Для анализа закономерностей пространственного распределения ГТК использован подход раздельного анализа закономерностей варьирования двух слагающих данный коэффициент факторов - суммы активных температур выше 10 °С и суммы осадков за период со среднесуточной температурой выше 10 °С. Разработанные ранее модели, описывающие распределение суммы активных температур, изучены в большей степени, по сравнению с моделями пространственного распределения количества осадков, по этой причине рассматривался только вопрос разработки последних. За основу работы была взята глобальная климатическая модель WorldClim version 2.0. Используя помесячные данные этой модели, были рассчитаны для каждой из анализируемых опорных точек величины сумм осадков за вегетационный период и произведено сравнение с фактическими величинами. В качестве альтернативы была построена также линейная многофакторная модель, включающая в качестве независимых переменных географическую широту и абсолютную высоту над уровнем моря. В результате проведенного геоинформационного моделирования на основании модели, показавшей наибольшую точность, построена цифровая крупномасштабная карта пространственного распределения величины ГТК на территории Крымского полуострова. The aim of research is to study regularities of spatial variation of the hydrothermal coefficient during the growing season in the conditions of the Crimean Peninsula. The studies were carried out on the basis of Agroecology Sector. Digital elevation model SRTM-3 of the Crimean Peninsula territory and long-term observations of meteorological stations functioned as study materials. To assess the moisture conditions of grape cultivation zones the hydrothermal coefficient of G. T. Selyaninov (HTC) was used. To analyze the regularities of spatial distribution of HTC, we used the approach of separate analysis of variation laws of two composing factors - the sum of active temperatures above 10 ° C and the sum of precipitation for a period with an average daily temperature above 10 ° C. Previously developed models describing the distribution of the sum of active temperatures were studied to a greater extent in comparison with models of dimentional distribution of precipitation. For this reason only the issue of developing the latter was considered. The work was based on the global climate model WorldClim version 2.0. Using the monthly data of the model, for each of the analyzed control points, the amount of precipitation for the growing season was calculated and compared with the actual values. As an alternative, a linear multifactor analog, including latitude and altitude as independent variables, was also constructed. As a result of geographic information modeling carried out on the basis of the model showed the highest accuracy, a digital large-scale map of HTC value distribution on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula was built.

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
Евгений Александрович Рыбалко ◽  
Наталья Валентиновна Баранова ◽  
Виктория Юрьевна Борисова ◽  
Валерий Семенович Петров

В статье приведен анализ метеорологической информации по средней температуре воздуха за вегетационный период на территории Крымского полуострова. Рассчитано среднее многолетнее значение в точках расположения метеостанций с длинным рядом метеонаблюдений на территории Крымского полуострова. При расчетах использовали многолетние данные за 30 лет по 17 метеостанциям Крымского полуострова. Для моделирования пространственного распределения величины средней температуры воздуха на первом этапе также была выбрана глобальная климатическая модель WorldClim 2.0. На её основе рассчитаны величины исследуемого показателя для опорных точек. Произведена корректировка данных модели WorldClim 2.0 путём прибавления к результатам расчёта поправки 0,99, что несколько повысило точность моделирования. Составлена также линейная многофакторная модель, учитывающая географическую широту местности и абсолютную высоту над уровнем моря. Установлено, что в зависимости от географического положения метеостанции значения средних многолетних температур воздуха составляют от 17,9 °С (Белогорск) до 20,0 °С (Феодосия, Ялта). Проанализированы при помощи технологий геоинформационного моделирования закономерности пространственного варьирования величины средней температуры. В результате проведенного анализа были получены модели, описывающие данные закономерности. С помощью полученных моделей, разработана цифровая крупномасштабная картографическая модель пространственного распределения величины средней температуры воздуха, на основе которой на территории Крымского полуострова выделено 4 зоны. Разработанная модель, в сочетании с современными геоинформационными технологиями дает возможность автоматизировать анализ степени пригодности территории для возделывания винограда. The article provides the analysis of meteorological information of the mean air temperature for the growing season on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula. The long-term mean value in the points of weather station locations with a long series of weather observations on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula was calculated. For calculations we used the long-term data for 30 years on 17 weather stations of the Crimean Peninsula. To simulate the spatial distribution of the mean air temperature value at the first stage, the WorldClim 2.0 global climate model was also selected. The values of the studied parameter for reference points were calculated on its basis. The data of the WorldClim 2.0 model was adjusted by adding an error correction of 0.99 to the results of calculation, which slightly increased the modeling accuracy. A linear multivariate model was also compiled, taking into account the geographical latitude of the terrain and the absolute height above sea level. It was established that, depending on the geographical location of the weather station, the values of long-term mean air temperatures range from 17.9 ° C (Belogorsk) to 20.0 ° C (Feodosia, Yalta). The patterns of spatial variation of the mean temperature were analyzed using the technologies of geoinformation modeling. Models describing these patterns were obtained as a result of the analysis. Using the models received, a digital large-scale cartographic model of the spatial distribution of the mean air temperature was developed. On its basis 4 zones on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula were allocated. The developed model, in combination with modern geoinformation technologies, makes it possible to automate the analysis of fitness degree of the territory for grapes cultivating.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (24) ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
E.V. Kostenkova ◽  
◽  
A.S. Bushnev ◽  

The Crimean Peninsula is located in the dry zone. In the steppe Crimea, which is the driest part of the peninsula, the major limiting factor for crop productivity is the natural moisture supply of plants. The purpose of the research was to establish the relationships between hydrometeorological factors (moisture reserves in the soil before sowing, precipitation amount and Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient during the growing season) and sunflower yield depending on planting dates (I, II, III decade of April) and plant density (30, 40, 50, 60, 70 thousand units per hectare). The studies were carried out on the trial fields of the Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea (village of Klepinino) in 2017–2019 using hybrid of ultra-early sunflower ‘Avangard’. The laying of field experiments, accounting, analyzes and statistical processing of data were carried out according to the methods of field research and methodology of field agricultural experiments with oil crops. A strong correlation was observed: 1) between yield and precipitation amount in May (r = 0.977) and moisture reserves before sowing (r = 0.978), planting dates – the first decade of April; 2) between precipitation amount in May (r = 0.932) and moisture reserves before sowing (r = 0.977–0.978), sunflower was sown in the second decade of April; 3) moisture before sowing (r = 0.892), crop planted in the third decade of April. A close positive relationship (r = 0.853–0.972) was observed at the optimal plant density for the region (40 thousand units/ha) between the amount of precipitation in April–May, moisture reserves in the soil before sowing and yield of sunflower. This indicates a high value of moisture availability during this period in the crop yield formation. In denser crops (50–70 thousand units/ha), the closest relationship is observed between the yield and the amount of precipitation in May. This makes the latter primary and decisive in the cultivation of crops with such a density since the competition for moisture increases with an increase in the number of plants per unit area. The closest relationship between the Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient and sunflower yield was observed in April and May (r = 0.833–0.967) when plants grow more intensively and require sufficient moisture.


2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
G. M. Palamar-Mordvintseva

Author(s):  
N.P. Demchenko ◽  
N.Yu. Polyakova

The situation in the ecology of the Crimean Peninsula in recent years was discussed in the article. The analysis of absolute and integrated indicators of the anthropogenic impact showed that the ecological situation remains difficult, and according to some indicators even continues to deteriorate. In summer 2018, the situation had worsened because of the large chemical release of titanium dioxide on the north of the Crimea from the holding pond of a large Russian plant that is situated near the town of Armyansk. This, in turn, led to the contamination of the large territory on the north of the peninsula. This fact indicates insufficient control by officials of the Republic of Crimea over the implementation of the RF laws for environmental protection by business owners of various forms of ownership, especially private ownership, the level of responsibility for the environment of which is very low.


Antiquity ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (318) ◽  
pp. 843-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariane Burke ◽  
Francesco d'Errico

AbstractA fragment of equid tibia found with a Mousterian assemblage in a rockshelter in the Crimean peninsula is carefully examined. The authors show that it has been knapped like flint to produce a tool probably at a time when stone resources were becoming exhausted. This tool is thus the product of a Neanderthal response to a local need as well as proof that the technological properties of bone were known.


Microbiology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 838-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Malakhova ◽  
T. A. Kanapatskii ◽  
V. N. Egorov ◽  
L. V. Malakhova ◽  
Yu. G. Artemov ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
S.S. Shinkarenko ◽  
◽  
D.A. Solodovnikov ◽  
S.А. Bartalev ◽  
A.A. Vasilchenko ◽  
...  

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