A Major Challenges Advanced Underground Drainage Monitoring and Automatic Rescue System using Internet of Things

In this project, An Advanced Underground Drainage Monitoring And Automatic Rescue System using Internet of Things is proposed to protect the sanitation workers form health issues. In India sewage can be cleaned from manholes and drains are a difficult and risky task for anyone, but these people/workers are forced to do these jobs just to earn for their family economy. In order to overcome this issues, a new device is proposed to monitor the human health while entering into the sewage and provide the health parameters in the real time to the officials outside or the control room. Particularly, blood pressure of sanitation workers and toxic gas level of drainage is monitored using this new proposed rescue system. The main component of this system is Arduino controller. There are three types of sensors such as Toxic gas sensor, Methane gas sensor and Ultrasonic sensor used for the proposed system. Water level indicator is used when drainage is full to find from ultrasonic sensor, SMS will be send through GSM technology. Methane Gas and Toxic gas sensor level is high, Buzzer will be ON at the same time location will be share automatically with the help of GPS. The received sensor details display on LCD at receiver with help of GSM. The performance of proposed system is compared with other existing system and shown to be more effective in terms of protect the sanitation workers from health issues.

A Thawing Earth

This chapter examines the warming of permafrost found in the Earth’s coldest regions. It relates how this warming results in the release of large amounts of methane gas from gas hydrates buried in frozen grounds and discusses the implications for climate change of this release. The chapter outlines the categories of permafrost and the role that thawing and freezing cycles play in the local environment. It also describes how to use online GIS tools to locate permafrost regions on the Earth. Finally, the chapter reviews the common impacts of melting permafrost such as subsidence, sinkholes, destruction of infrastructure, as well as the possible release of human and animal disease agents.

Development and Application of Methane Leakage Monitoring System for Gas Transmission Pipeline

Oil and gas pipeline transportation, as a relatively safe way of oil and gas transportation, undertakes most of the transportation tasks of crude oil and natural gas. Oil and gas pipeline accidents affect a wide range of consequences. Therefore, the oil and gas pipeline leakage detection is paid more and more attention. In this paper, ultra-low power methane gas sensor is selected to collect methane gas concentration in the air, and wireless network technology is used to build a wireless network sensor system with 4G function. Through the sensor distribution along the pipeline, it can intuitively and accurately judge whether there is a micro-leakage in the pipeline, and understand the diffusion situation after the leakage. The sensor system has high reliability and stability, and has high value of popularization and application.

Design and Implementation of a Coalbed Methane Extraction Device Using Microwave Radiation

The continuous growth of the population and the global economy increases the need for sustainable energy. To this end, the recovery factor of hydrocarbon resources in the world should be maximized. One of the main sources of natural gas is coalbed methane, a gas accumulated in pores inside coal. On the other hand, methane gas explosion is a potential hazard in coal mines, which causes many casualties every year in coal mines worldwide. Mine ventilation alone cannot create a safe environment for coal mining due to the high volume of gas released in some coal seams. Therefore, Methane gas extraction can turn one of the major hazards in coal mining into a clean energy source and have dual benefits. Unfortunately, the permeability of most coal seams is very low, and this low permeability limits the development and production of commercial coalbed methane. Therefore, coalbed methane reservoir stimulation is an attractive option because the relative permeability of natural fractures in the coal seam and the surrounding rock greatly affects the amount of extractable gas. Microwave radiation is one of the new methods to increase the permeability of coal. In this research, we design, simulate and implement a small, lightweight, portable microwave gun that uses a conical horn with an aperture of 28 cm with a working frequency of 2.45 GHz to evaporate the moisture in the circle with a diameter of 40 cm from a coal wall and increases the permeability of the wall due to microwave radiation. Because in previous studies, the tests were performed only on large and small capacity devices without any control over the amount of microwave radiation and by replacing the gas inside the chamber with argon or nitrogen gases, which does not represent the real conditions in the mines. Therefore, by building a small device, we have overcome the limit of coal size and amount. By considering the coal ignition temperature, we have provided the challenges related to removing oxygen from the air and the possibility of working in real conditions in mines with larger volumes of coal, which is very similar to the mining environment. Also, the proposed small and portable device in this paper allows us to use it in different environments.

Inorganic Doped Dl-Polylactide Polyaniline Based Composite for Methane (Ch4) Gas Sensing

Polyaniline (PANI) nonofibriles have been successfully synthesised by simple chemical-oxidation polymerization method using aniline as a predecessor at room temperature. It was synthesized using H3PO4 dopants. The structure, chemical groups, and electronic transition were investigated by SEM, FTIR, and UV Visible. We present the methane gas response of as-prepared H3PO4 doped DL−PLA/PANI-ES composite film at different concentration. The percentage (%) methane gas response was found to be 9 % at 500ppm.