scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF MOISTURE AVAILABILITY ON HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L. YIELD IN DRY CONDITIONS OF THE CRIMEAN PENINSULA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (24) ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
E.V. Kostenkova ◽  
◽  
A.S. Bushnev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Moisture Availability ◽  
Selyaninov Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

The Crimean Peninsula is located in the dry zone. In the steppe Crimea, which is the driest part of the peninsula, the major limiting factor for crop productivity is the natural moisture supply of plants. The purpose of the research was to establish the relationships between hydrometeorological factors (moisture reserves in the soil before sowing, precipitation amount and Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient during the growing season) and sunflower yield depending on planting dates (I, II, III decade of April) and plant density (30, 40, 50, 60, 70 thousand units per hectare). The studies were carried out on the trial fields of the Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea (village of Klepinino) in 2017–2019 using hybrid of ultra-early sunflower ‘Avangard’. The laying of field experiments, accounting, analyzes and statistical processing of data were carried out according to the methods of field research and methodology of field agricultural experiments with oil crops. A strong correlation was observed: 1) between yield and precipitation amount in May (r = 0.977) and moisture reserves before sowing (r = 0.978), planting dates – the first decade of April; 2) between precipitation amount in May (r = 0.932) and moisture reserves before sowing (r = 0.977–0.978), sunflower was sown in the second decade of April; 3) moisture before sowing (r = 0.892), crop planted in the third decade of April. A close positive relationship (r = 0.853–0.972) was observed at the optimal plant density for the region (40 thousand units/ha) between the amount of precipitation in April–May, moisture reserves in the soil before sowing and yield of sunflower. This indicates a high value of moisture availability during this period in the crop yield formation. In denser crops (50–70 thousand units/ha), the closest relationship is observed between the yield and the amount of precipitation in May. This makes the latter primary and decisive in the cultivation of crops with such a density since the competition for moisture increases with an increase in the number of plants per unit area. The closest relationship between the Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient and sunflower yield was observed in April and May (r = 0.833–0.967) when plants grow more intensively and require sufficient moisture.

scholarly journals Experimental and simulated wheat data from across a temperature gradient along the River Nile in Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 19-20
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mohammed Saad Kheir ◽  
Aly Abdelaal ◽  
Gerrit Hoogenboom ◽  
Senthold Asseng
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
River Nile ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Daily Weather Data

The dataset includes detailed field experiments from four locations across a temperature gradient along the River Nile. The data covering four contrasting environments from North (low temperature) to South (high temperature), includes Sakha (North delta, lower Egypt), Menofya (Middle delta), Benisuef (Middle Egypt) and Aswan (upper Egypt). Measurements included plant density, aboveground biomass, anthesis and maturity dates, grain yield, grains m-2, kernel weight and N content in grains as well as daily weather data (solar radiation, maximum and minimum temperature, precipitation, surface wind, relative humidity, dew point and vapor pressure) and soil characteristics and crop management. Wheat was sown under full irrigation and fertilization with two planting dates. Simulations include three DSSAT-Wheat models (CERES, NWHEAT and CROPSIM).

scholarly journals Optimization of High Density Planting with Drip Irrigation in Rabi Onion

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
M. D. Ojha ◽  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
R. B. Verma ◽  
M. Pal ◽  
S. R. P. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
High Density ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Bulb Yield

Irrigation scheduling is necessary for increasing onion production in an Agro-climatic zone III A and B of Bihar, where water is becoming scarce gradually and a limiting factor for onion production. Field experiments were conducted during the Rabi season of 2013-14 and 2014-15 at the experimental farm, Nalanda College of Horticulture, Noorsarai, Nalanda. The objectives were to standardize high density planting with drip irrigation and to study the yield performance and storability on onion in Nalanda region. The treatments consisted of factorial combination of three irrigation intervals (2, 4 and 6 days) and four population densities (2000000, 1333333,  1000000 and 666666 plants/ha) corresponding to 10 x 5, 10 x 7.5, 10 x 10 and 15 x 10 cm respectively. The experiments were laid out in randomized block design replicated three times. Results revealed that the highest marketable yield was significantly favoured by 2 days interval followed by 4 days. However, lower plant spacing 10 x 5 cm recorded higher plant height, minimum maturity days, grass and marketable bulb yield were significantly higher with plant spacing 10 x10 cm followed by 15 x10 cm. The marketable bulb yield was significantly higher with interaction of T7 (10 x10 cm with 2 days irrigation interval) 1000000 plant density and 2 days irrigation interval than other treatment combinations. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that 2 days interval irrigation with a plant density of 1000000 (10x10 cm) plants per hectare can be practised for maximum onion bulb yield.

Synchrony of flowering between canola and wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum)

Weed Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 905-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Josée Simard ◽  
Anne Légère
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Transgenic Crop ◽  
Wild Radish ◽  
Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Essential Requirement ◽  
Flowering Periods

Many conditions need to be satisfied for gene flow to occur between a transgenic crop and its weedy relatives. Flowering overlap is one essential requirement for hybrid formation. Hybridization can occur between canola and its wild relative, wild radish. We studied the effects of wild radish plant density and date of emergence, canola (glyphosate resistant) planting dates, presence of other weeds, and presence of a wheat crop on the synchrony of flowering between wild radish and canola (as a crop and volunteer). Four field experiments were conducted from 2000 to 2002 in St-David de Lévis, Québec. Flowering periods of wild radish emerging after glyphosate application overlapped with early-, intermediate-, and late-seeded canola 14, 26, and 55%, respectively, of the total flowering time. Flowering periods of early-emerging wild radish and canola volunteers in uncropped treatments overlapped from mid-June until the end of July, ranging from 26 to 81% of the total flowering time. Flowering periods of wild radish and canola volunteers emerging synchronously on May 30 or June 5 as weeds in wheat overlapped 88 and 42%, respectively, of their total flowering time. For later emergence dates, few flowers or seeds were produced by both species because of wheat competition. Wild radish density in canola and wild radish and canola volunteer densities in wheat did not affect the mean flowering dates of wild radish or canola. Increasing wild radish density in uncropped plots (pure or weedy stands) hastened wild radish flowering. Our results show that if hybridization is to happen, it will be most likely with uncontrolled early-emerging weeds in crops or on roadsides, field margins, and uncultivated areas, stressing the need to control the early flush of weeds, weedy relatives, and crop volunteers in noncrop areas.

scholarly journals Spatial variation regularities of hydrothermal coefficient of Selyaninov in the Crimean Peninsula conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 320-325
Author(s):  
Евгений Александрович Рыбалко ◽  
Наталья Валентиновна Баранова ◽  
Виктория Юрьевна Борисова
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Version 2.0 ◽  
Sum Of Active Temperatures ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

Целью исследования является изучение закономерностей пространственного варьирования гидротермического коэффициента за вегетационный период в условиях Крымского полуострова. Исследования проводились на базе сектора агроэкологии, материалами послужили электронная модель рельефа SRTM-3 территории Крымского полуострова и многолетние данные наблюдений метеостанций. Для оценки условий увлажнения зон выращивания винограда использован гидротермический коэффициент Г.Т.Селянинова (ГТК). Для анализа закономерностей пространственного распределения ГТК использован подход раздельного анализа закономерностей варьирования двух слагающих данный коэффициент факторов - суммы активных температур выше 10 °С и суммы осадков за период со среднесуточной температурой выше 10 °С. Разработанные ранее модели, описывающие распределение суммы активных температур, изучены в большей степени, по сравнению с моделями пространственного распределения количества осадков, по этой причине рассматривался только вопрос разработки последних. За основу работы была взята глобальная климатическая модель WorldClim version 2.0. Используя помесячные данные этой модели, были рассчитаны для каждой из анализируемых опорных точек величины сумм осадков за вегетационный период и произведено сравнение с фактическими величинами. В качестве альтернативы была построена также линейная многофакторная модель, включающая в качестве независимых переменных географическую широту и абсолютную высоту над уровнем моря. В результате проведенного геоинформационного моделирования на основании модели, показавшей наибольшую точность, построена цифровая крупномасштабная карта пространственного распределения величины ГТК на территории Крымского полуострова. The aim of research is to study regularities of spatial variation of the hydrothermal coefficient during the growing season in the conditions of the Crimean Peninsula. The studies were carried out on the basis of Agroecology Sector. Digital elevation model SRTM-3 of the Crimean Peninsula territory and long-term observations of meteorological stations functioned as study materials. To assess the moisture conditions of grape cultivation zones the hydrothermal coefficient of G. T. Selyaninov (HTC) was used. To analyze the regularities of spatial distribution of HTC, we used the approach of separate analysis of variation laws of two composing factors - the sum of active temperatures above 10 ° C and the sum of precipitation for a period with an average daily temperature above 10 ° C. Previously developed models describing the distribution of the sum of active temperatures were studied to a greater extent in comparison with models of dimentional distribution of precipitation. For this reason only the issue of developing the latter was considered. The work was based on the global climate model WorldClim version 2.0. Using the monthly data of the model, for each of the analyzed control points, the amount of precipitation for the growing season was calculated and compared with the actual values. As an alternative, a linear multifactor analog, including latitude and altitude as independent variables, was also constructed. As a result of geographic information modeling carried out on the basis of the model showed the highest accuracy, a digital large-scale map of HTC value distribution on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula was built.

Charophyta of the Crimean Peninsula

2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
G. M. Palamar-Mordvintseva
Keyword(s):  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

ANTHROPOGENIC AND ECONOMIC FACTORS OF THE СRIMEAN ECOLOGY

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
N.P. Demchenko ◽  
N.Yu. Polyakova
Keyword(s):  
Business Owners ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
The North ◽  
Chemical Release ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Russian Plant ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Town ◽  
Integrated Indicators ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

The situation in the ecology of the Crimean Peninsula in recent years was discussed in the article. The analysis of absolute and integrated indicators of the anthropogenic impact showed that the ecological situation remains difficult, and according to some indicators even continues to deteriorate. In summer 2018, the situation had worsened because of the large chemical release of titanium dioxide on the north of the Crimea from the holding pond of a large Russian plant that is situated near the town of Armyansk. This, in turn, led to the contamination of the large territory on the north of the peninsula. This fact indicates insufficient control by officials of the Republic of Crimea over the implementation of the RF laws for environmental protection by business owners of various forms of ownership, especially private ownership, the level of responsibility for the environment of which is very low.

Nitrogen Demand of Cut Chrysanthemums in Relation to Shoot Height and Planting Date

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 523c-523
Author(s):  
Siegfried Zerche
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Growing Period

Refined nutrient delivery systems are important for environmentally friendly production of cut flowers in both soil and hydroponic culture. They have to be closely orientated at the actual nutrient demand. To solve current problems, express analysis and nutrient uptake models have been developed in horticulture. However, the necessity of relatively laborious analysis or estimation of model input parameters have prevented their commercial use up to now. For this reason, we studied relationships between easily determinable parameters of plant biomass structure as shoot height, plant density and dry matter production as well as amount of nitrogen removal of hydroponically grown year-round cut chrysanthemums. In four experiments (planting dates 5.11.91; 25.3.92; 4.1.93; 1.7.93) with cultivar `Puma white' and a fixed plant density of 64 m2, shoots were harvested every 14 days from planting until flowering, with dry matter, internal N concentration and shoot height being measured. For each planting date, N uptake (y) was closely (r2 = 0.94; 0.93; 0.84; 0.93, respectively) related to shoot height (x) at the time of cutting and could be characterized by the equation y = a * × b. In the soilless cultivation system, dry matter concentrations of N remained constant over the whole growing period, indicating non-limiting nitrogen supply. In agreement with constant internal N concentrations, N uptake was linearly related (r2 = 0.94 to 0.99) to dry matter accumulation. It is concluded that shoot height is a useful parameter to include in a simple model of N uptake. However, in consideration of fluctuating greenhouse climate conditions needs more sophisticated approaches including processes such as water uptake and photosynthetically active radiation.

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