Еdapho-climatic characteristics of Рrecarpathian biotopes with the participation of price populations of species of the genus Рolygonatum Мill.

Grouping of research sites according to the set of analyzed edapho-climatic parameters by the method of cluster analysis showed that the dominant factor in the formation of abiotic conditions is the type of habitat. Therefore, characterized the population and ecological characteristics of species of the genus Polygonatum Mill. in the Precarpathians by analyzing the key edapho-climatic factors of the studied habitats, namely the humus content, acidity, moisture content, the sum of active temperatures, light levels and N, P, K.

The conditionality of the formation of territorial species complexes of weeds by natural and anthropogenic factors

Territorial species complexes of weeds consist of a pool of species of regional flora (formed under the influence of natural factors), confined to secondary habitats with disturbed (natural or anthropogenic) vegetation and soilcover. Each territory is characterized by a certain species complex, the formation of which is due to the correspondence ofthe indicators of heat and moisture supply of this territory to the requirements of each type of weed plant of this complexto the main factors affecting the spread of plants – heat and moisture. This is the basis for the method of ecological andgeographical analysis, which consists in comparing the factors limiting the distribution of each species in the northern (indicators of the isoline of the sum of active temperatures above +5 ° C, describing the northern border of the weed species’range) and southern (indicators of the SCC isoline, describing the southern border of the species’ range) directions withthe indicators of heat and moisture availability of the studied territory. The species complex identified in this way is implemented within the region on a variety of secondary (disturbed) habitats, of which only those formed by anthropogenic means are taken into account in phytosanitary zoning. The equivalence and irreplaceability of the action of natural andanthropogenic factors is the basis for the formation of weed flora, as well as phytosanitary zoning in relation to weeds andlong-term forecast of their distribution.

Patterns of changes in productivity of the ‘Pamyati Uchitelya’ grape variety when varying the bush loading with shoots and bunches

Приводятся экспериментальные данные по агробиологической реакции винограда сорта Памяти Учителя столового направления использования на изменение нагрузки кустов побегами и гроздями. Полевые исследования выполнены в Центральной агроэкологической зоне виноградарства Краснодарского края. Cхема посадки кустов - 3,5 × 3,5 м, формировка кустов - высокоштамбовый двуплечий кордон, подвой Берландиери × Рипариа SО4. Среднегодовая температура воздуха 12,5-13,0 °С, сумма активных температур 3900-4100 °С, максимальная температура во время вегетации - плюс 40°С, минимальная зимой опускается до минус 30 °С. Годовая сумма атмосферных осадков - 700-800 мм. Почвы малогумусные выщелоченные мощные черноземы. В таких агроэкологических условиях сорт показал высокую отзывчивость на оптимизацию нагрузки кустов побегами и гроздями. При нагрузке кустов побегами 18 шт./куст и гроздями 25 шт./куст средняя масса грозди достигает наибольшей величины и составляет 0,625 кг. Наибольшая урожайность товарного винограда (10,9 т/га) формируется при нагрузке кустов побегами и гроздями в количестве 24 и 44 шт./куст соответственно. При таких регламентах нагрузки кустов гроздь массой 0,393 кг имеет привлекательный товарный вид. Оптимизированный регламент нагрузки кустов побегами и гроздями в количестве 24 и 44 шт./куст рекомендуется применять в Центральной агроэкологической зоне виноградарства Краснодарского края для выращивания высоких урожаев сорта Памяти Учителя на подвое Берландиери × Рипариа SО4. The experimental records on agrobiological response of the ‘Pamyati Uchitelya’ table grape variety to changes in the loading of bushes with shoots and bunches are presented. Filed experiments were carried out in the Central agroecological viticultural zone of the Krasnodar Territory. The planting pattern of bushes is 3.5 × 3.5 m, the training system - a high-bole bilateral cordon, the rootstock - ‘Berlandieri × Riparia SO4’. The average annual air temperature of the zone is 12.5-13.0 °C, the sum of active temperatures is 3900-4100 °C, the maximum air temperature during the growing season is +40 °C, the minimum air temperature in winter goes to -30°C. The annual total precipitation is 700-800 mm. The soils are low-humus, leached deep chernozems. The variety showed heavy response to optimization of bush loading with shoots and bunches under these agroecological conditions. When bushes are loaded with shoots of 18 pcs/bush and bunches of 25 pcs/bush, the average bunch weight reaches the highest value of 0.625 kg. The highest cropping capacity of commercial grapes (10.9 t/ha) is achieved with loading of bushes with shoots and bunches in the amount of 24 and 44 pcs/bush, respectively. With such regulations of bush loading, a bunch of 0.393 kg has attractive marketable presentation. The optimized regulation of bush loading with shoots and bunches in the amount of 24 and 44 pcs/bush is recommended for using in the Central agroecological viticultural zone of the Krasnodar Territory for growing high yields of the ‘Pamyati Uchitelya’ variety on the ‘Berlandieri × Riparia SO4’ rootstock.

Mosquito Distribution in Northwestern Russia: Species of the Genera Anopheles Meigen, Coquillettidia Dyar, Culex L., and Culiseta Felt (Diptera, Culicidae)

Records of 16 species of the mosquito genera Anopheles, Coquillettidia, Culex, and Culiseta (Diptera: Culicidae) in Northwestern Russia are mapped. The values of the sum of active temperatures above 0°C were shown to correlate with the position of the northern range boundaries of mosquito species, according to which 16 species were included in 4 distribution groups.

The dynamics of climate change in the Perm Territory

Приводятся данные о биоклиматическом потенциале (БКП) Пермского края, его составляющих, а также динамика изменения БКП за периоды 1970–1999 и 2000–2014 годов. На основании данных 17 метеостанций рассчитаны показатели биологической продуктивности земель, приводится районирование территории, анализируется теплообеспеченность вегетационного периода каждой выделенной зоны в ходе районирования. Пространственная оценка современных климатических условий показала, что на территории края прослеживается сильная изменчивость агрометеорологических характеристик в направлении с юго-запада на северо-восток. Продолжительность периодов с температурами выше 0; 5 и 10°С достаточно сильно колеблется по территории края — в пределах 200–223, 156–180 и 107–146 дней соответственно. Различия в обеспеченности теплом между северными и южными районами составляют порядка 500–700°С по суммам температур выше 10°С и 25–30 дней — по продолжительности периода активной вегетации. В целом территория Пермского края в настоящее время характеризуется удовлетворительными и хорошими агрометеорологическими условиями. Климатический индекс биологической продуктивности к концу исследуемого периода имеет тенденцию к возрастанию абсолютно во всех районах. Большинство районов входят в ареал средней биологической продуктивности со значением показателя 106–120 баллов. Сравнивая климатические показатели, составляющие БКП, за первый и второй периоды можно говорить о том, что в большей степени изменения коснулись сумм активных температур выше 10°С и количества осадков: среднее значение увеличилось на 139°С, количество осадков тоже увеличилось в среднем на 42 мм. Климатические условия этой территории могут обеспечить урожайность зерновых культур 2,4–2,8 т/га. Увеличиваются площади территорий с более благоприятными условиями климата для возделывания зерновых культур, а также сортов люцерны изменчивой северного экотипа. The article reports on farming potential of the Perm Territory and its dynamics for the periods of 1970–1999 and 2000–2014. Parameters of soil fertility were estimated on the base of the data obtained from 17 meteorological stations. The report reviews land improvement and climate conditions of growing seasons of each zone. Weather conditions change significantly from the southwest to the northeast. The length of periods with temperatures above 0; 5 and 10°С varies within 200–223, 156–180 and 107–146 days around the region. Differences in accumulated temperatures above 10°С amount to 500–700°С between the northern and southern regions, in the duration of active growing season — 25–30 days. The Perm Territory has moderate conditions for farming. Biological productivity tends to grow by the end of the period studied in all the zones. Most regions have average biological productivity. Sum of active temperatures above 10°С increased by 139°С from the first to the second periods as well as the amount of precipitations — by 42 mm. The climate of the Perm Territory provides grain crop yield of 2.4–2.8 t ha-1. Lands with optimal condition for grain crop cultivation grow as well as for farming of northern ecotypes of bastard alfalfa.

CLIMATIC AND PHENOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF MODERN WARMING IN THE TERRITORY OF THE UDMURT REPUBLIC (A CASE STUDY OF IZHEVSK)

The article presents the results of the assessment of the dynamics of climatic and phenological indicators from the point of view of the processes of modern climate warming in the territory of Izhevsk (Udmurt Republic). It is established that the pronounced warming trend has been manifested since 1988, taking an unambiguous character since the 2000s. Relative to the base period of 1961-1990, the average annual air temperature in Izhevsk increased from 2.5 °C to 3.3 °C for the climatic period of 1991-2020. The main increase in temperatures can be traced in the cold season, in the winter months, at the beginning of the calendar spring and in the second half of autumn. According to the data presented, the duration of the periods with temperatures of 0, 5 and 10 °C changed upwards by 12, 12 and 6 days, respectively. The average long-term sum of active temperatures above 10 °C for the period 1991-2020 was 2160.9 °C, corresponding to the values of the indicator of the biological efficiency of the climate in the area of the ecological optimum of the functioning of zonal landscapes of the temperate zone. When comparing the current timing of the onset of phenological phenomena in Izhevsk with the period of the 50s-70s of the XX century, their advance by 4-10 days for the spring and summer seasons and a delay of 9-10 days in autumn-winter conditions was established. This affected the change in the length of the seasons with an increase in spring, summer and autumn by 1, 10 and 6 days, respectively, and a shortening of winter by 17 days.

Influence of hydrothermal conditions on the duration of the phenophase of common beans at different sowing dates in the forest-steppe conditions of the Ob region

The influence of hydrothermal conditions on the duration of phaseolus vulgaris L. phenophases of the grain direction at different sowing dates in the forest-steppe conditions of the Ob region was studied. The research was carried out on the experimental field of the training and production farm «Sad Michurintsev» at the Novosibirsk State Agrarian University. The objects of the study were the Rubin variety and the promising variety Krasno-pestriy. The structure of the growing season was studied and the samples were assessed by the duration of individual phenological phases. The influence of hydrothermal conditions on the change in the duration of the «sowing-emergence» interphase period was established at different sowing periods (up to 8 days) and the «seedlings-flowering» and «flowering-biological ripeness’ periods (up to 4 days). A one-way analysis of variance was carried out with a confidence interval of 5%. The optimal average sum of active temperatures for the passage of the main phenological phases «sowing-germination», «seedling-flowering» and «flowering-biological ripeness’ has been established: in Rubin it is 244, 518 and 709оС, and Krasno-pestriy is 241, 564 and 760оС, respectively. A relationship between the duration of the growing season and the average daily temperature (–0.90), the sum of temperatures (0.96), the duration of the growing season and the sum of precipitation (0.90) was revealed. The difference in precipitation of growing seasons at different sowing dates is insignificant and ranges from 120 to 131 mm. According to the results of the study, the recommended sowing time for the main groups of beans ripeness in the foreststeppe conditions of the Ob region is the second half of May.

Evaluation of parsnip varieties (Pastinaca Sativa l.) on productivity and adaptability in the conditions of the Right bank Forest steppe of Ukraine

The commodity output of parsnip was formed in the conditions of the Right‑Bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine within the limits of the sum of active temperatures 1356‑1495 °С, the amount of precipitation 171‑318 mm and relative humidity 57‑64 %. The crop yield had an invert dependence on the sum of temperature and the direct dependence on the amount of precipitation, relative humidity of air and hydrothermal coefficient. The highest yield in the conditions of the Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine provided the Stymul and Pulse varieties with a total yield of 46,2 and 44,8 tons/hectare, and the commodity output of roots of 89 and 88 %, accordingly. It was calculated that the varieties Pulse and Stymul had the highest selective value of the genotype (SCGi = 46,2 and 44,8 accordingly) for yield, high ecological stability (Sgi = 3,43 and 1,96 accordingly) and plasticity (bi = 1,47 and 0,89 % accordingly). The highest indicator of the total adaptive capacity for plant productivity was noted in the Stymul (ZAZ = 3,12) and Pulse (ZAZ = 1,76) varieties. According to the indicator of specific adaptive ability, the Stymul variety (SAZ = 2,52) and Pulse (ZAZ = 0,78) was distinguished. According to the biochemical composition of roots, the investigated varieties did not exceed the control. However, in Boris variety the content of dry matter (25,1 %), dry soluble substance (15,8 %) and sugar (6,4 %) was at the control level. All varieties showed high levels of vitamin C – 8,9‑10,1 mg/100 g. The varieties were not susceptible to accumulation of nitrates and their content varied from 67 to 80 mg/kg and was below the maximum acceptable level (MDR 250 mg/kg). The highest tasting score of 5,6 points got the Pulse. To obtain a consistently high root crop yield at the level 44,8‑46,2 tons/hectare and marketability of roots at the level of 88‑89 % with a high content of major biochemical components in the conditions of the Right‑Bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine on medium-podzolic, roughly dusty, easy loamy soil with the usage of high-yielding of the varieties parsnips Pulse and Stymul.

White technical variety of Platovsky grapes for quality ecological winemaking

Аbstract. The agrobiological characteristic of Platovsky grape varietyhas been given. The variety was bred in ARRIV&W - a branch of the FSBSI FRARC as a result of crossbreeding of varieties Zala dyondye (Villar Blank × Csaba dyondye )× Podarok Magarach (Rkatsiteli × Magarach 2-57-72). The variety was included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements for Use in 2003. The technical purpose of use, very early maturation, the duration of the production period is on average 110 days with the sum of active temperatures of 2499 °C. The variety is character-ized by high winter hardiness and frost resistance. At the sum of negative temperatures 586 °C the opening of the buds was 86%, the fruit shoots - from 70 to 97. m The harvest of 1 bush is on average for 11 years 5,7 kg with the planting scheme of 3 × 1,5. Platovsky is distinguished by a good sugar-accumulation (up to 300 g/dm3) with moderate acidity and used for high quality dry and liquor wines. Resistance to mildew and oidium is very high, which allows to cultivate the variety with minimal protection from fungal diseases and use grapes for the production of bio wine.

Spatial distribution of Crimean agroecological resources as a factor of variability of the main and secondary metabolites of grapes

The work is aimed at identifying the relationship between agroecological conditions and the formation of carbohydrate-acid and phenolic grape complexes. The agro-climatic parameters of 14 cv. ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ industrial vineyards located in five wine-growing regions of Crimea have been determined using the methods of geoinformation and mathematical modeling. According to the similarity of 9 agro-climatic characteristics, the vineyards are united into 6 clusters, significantly different from each other. The dispersion of the main and secondary metabolites of grapes, as well as technological indicators based on them in the harvest from the selected clusters, has been established. According to the combined mass concentration of anthocyanins in berries, potential amount of extractable anthocyanins, anthocyanin extractability, monophenolmonooxygenase activity, glucoacidimetric index and grape ripeness index the selected vineyard clusters are discriminated with Wilks L. = 0.09 at α<0.00001. Sugar content, active acidity index, glucoacidimetric index, and grape ripeness index were found to correlate inversely with the amount of precipitation during the growing season; anthocyanin extractability correlates directly with the Huglin and Winkler indices; monophenolmonooxygenase activity with the sum of active temperatures above 10 °C, Huglin index, total precipitation per year and growing season.