scholarly journals Climatic Changes Impact upon the Spring High-water Runoff and its Formation Factors in the Volga Basin.

2016 ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
High Water ◽  
Volga Basin ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Snowmelt Runoff ◽  
Spring Flood ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Spring Runoff ◽  
Wide Range

An assessment of the spring runoff characteristics and its formation factors in the Volga basin over the period of 1978–2010 vs. the period of 1948–1977 has been carried out. It has been found that the spring runoff variations are different in direction: 70% of the observed catchments demonstrate decrease of the spring high-water runoff layer, while 30% demonstrate the increase. Runoff alterations are statistically significant only at 35 % of individual catchments. On the average in the Volga River the runoff value at individual catchments with the runoff volume negative trend, this value decreased by approximately 10% over the past thirty years. It has been shown that the snowmelt runoff depends on the wide range of hydro/meteorological, physical and physical/geographic factors that are often correlated. Results of laboratory/field investigations and mathematical simulation were used for analysis of physical regularities of the snowmelt runoff formation processes that caused its variability. It has been shown that maximal snow resource and precipitation of the flood period are the main climatic factors that determine the spring flood runoff. The substrate surface factors act as intermediate regulators; they intensify or reduce the climatic factors’ role and ultimately determine the spring flood runoff variations trend. The proposal is to use the total volume of spring/winter precipitation as well as the winter air temperature as the main predictors for the spring flood long-term forecast.

scholarly journals Modelling spring flood in the area of the Upper Volga basin

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Helms ◽  
O. Evdakov ◽  
J. Ihringer ◽  
F. Nestmann
Keyword(s):  
River Basin Management ◽  
Volga Basin ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Spring Flood ◽  
Hydrologic Simulation ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Flow Process ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Upper Volga ◽  
Macro Scale

Abstract. Integrated river-basin management for the Volga river requires understanding and modelling of the flow process in its macro-scale tributary catchments. At the example of the Kostroma catchment (16 000 km2), a method combining existing hydrologic simulation tools was developed that allows operational modelling even when data are scarce. Emphasis was placed on simulation of three processes: snow cover development using a snow-compaction model, runoff generation using a conceptual approach with parameters for seasonal antecedent moisture conditions, and runoff concentration using a regionalised unit hydrograph approach. Based on this method, specific regional characteristics of the precipitation-runoff process were identified, in particular a distinct threshold behaviour of runoff generation in catchments with clay-rich soils. With a plausible overall parameterisation of involved tools, spring flood events could successfully be simulated. Present paper mainly focuses on the simulation of a 16-year sample of snowmelt events in a meso-scale catchment. An example of regionalised simulation in the scope of the modelling system "Flussgebietsmodell" shows the capabilities of developed method for application in macro-scale tributary catchments of the Upper Volga basin.

scholarly journals The Change of the Water Regime of the Volga River in the Area of the Protected Island Bakhilovsky

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
High Water ◽  
Ecological State ◽  
Spring Flood ◽  
Volga River ◽  
High Water Period ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Annual Water

The ecological state of the protected Islands Seredysh and Shalyga (now Bakhilovsky island) depends on the water content and flow of the Volga River. We have analyzed the long-term changes in the water flow of the Volga River for the period 1958-2017 in the alignment Zhiguli dam, located 12 km upstream from the island. According to the average annual water consumption, there are three periods that differ from each other in water content: low-water period (1958–1976), high-water period (1977–1997) and the period of average water content (1998–2017), with extremely low-water (1967, 1973, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1996) and extremely high-water (1966, 1979, 1981, 1990, 1991, 1994) years. In highwater years, during the passage of the spring flood, the island is almost completely flooded, and in low-water years, during the summer low water, the area of the island increases and changes its configuration.

scholarly journals Changes in the concentration of chloride ions in the Volga water (section of the Zhigulevsky hydroelectric complex)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-117
Author(s):  
VA Seleznev ◽  
AV Selezneva ◽  
KV Bespalova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Season ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
High Water ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Outlet Section ◽  
Spring Flood ◽  
Kuibyshev Reservoir ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Annual Changes

For a quantitative assessment of changes in the concentration of chlorides, an analysis of the data of hydrological and hydrochemical observations obtained on the Volga River in the alignment of the Zhigulevsky hydroelectric complex was carried out. For the period 2001-2018 the average annual concentration of chlorides was 27mg/dm3, the highest –31mg/dm3, and the lowest - 24mg/dm3. The chloride content was characterized by seasonal variability. During the winter season, the concentration of chlorides increased. The maximum was observed in April, before the beginning of the spring flood. During the spring flood, the chloride concentration decreased, reaching the lowest values ​​in May at the peak of the spring flood. In the summer, the concentration of chlorides gradually increased, and in the autumn, it decreased. The intra-annual amplitude of the average monthly concentrations of chlorides was 14-42mg/dm3. Such significant intra-annual changes in chlorides in the outlet section of the Kuibyshev reservoir are due to the interaction of the surface and underground components of the water flow of the Cheboksary and Nizhnekamsk reservoirs. In low-water years, the concentration of chlorides increased, and in high-water years, it decreased.

scholarly journals Natural Overregulation of the Volga Basin Rivers Runoff in the Changing Climate Conditions

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Volga Basin ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Spring Flood ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Essential Change ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Current peculiarities of water runoff within-year variability are considered in the paper. According to the latest data (up to 2010) on 114 sites in the Volga basin changes in natural runoff overregulation are shown. It is proved that essential change in natural runoff overregulation in the Volga basin is closely connected with changes of spring flood and rivers’ runoff during summer–autumn and winter low water periods.

scholarly journals Seasonal variability of sulfate ions in the Volga River water

Vestnik MGTU ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-213
Author(s):  
Vladimir Anatolyevich Seleznev
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
High Water ◽  
Outlet Section ◽  
Spring Flood ◽  
Kuibyshev Reservoir ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Sulfate Ions ◽  
Long Term Observation

In the Volga River water, sulfate ions rank second among the main anions in terms of their contribution to water mineralization. To study the seasonal variability of sulfate concentration, an analysis of long-term data of hydrological and hydrochemical observations obtained on the River Volga (in the outlet section of the Kuibyshev reservoir) has been carried out. For the period of 2001-2018 the average annual water consumption in the dam section varied in the range of 6.2-9.0 thousand m3/s, the average annual concentration of sulfates was 55 mg/dm3, the highest - 64 mg/dm3, and the lowest - 45 mg/dm3. The content of sulfates in the reservoir is formed mainly under the influence of the Volga River water coming from the Cheboksary reservoir and the Kama River water coming from the Nizhnekamsk reservoir. The sulfate content is characterized by significant seasonal variability. During the winter low-water period, the highest concentrations of sulfates were observed with a maximum in April, before the beginning of the spring flood (67 mg/dm3). During the flood, the content of sulfates decreased, reaching the lowest values during the summer low-water period in August (44 mg/dm3), and then, from September, the concentration of sulfates gradually increased, reaching 57 mg/dm3 at the beginning of the winter low-water period. Over a long-term observation period, the amplitude of sulfate fluctuations was 34-87 mg/dm3, and its value depended on the water content of a particular year. In dry years, the concentration of sulfates in the water increased, and in dry years, it decreased. In the seasonal context, the main differences in sulfate concentrations in dry and high-water years occurred during the spring flood and winter low-water period, and during the summer - autumn low-water period, the differences became minimal.

A review of the composition and evolution of hydrocarbon gases during solidification of the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland

2001 ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Konnerup-Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Nepheline Syenite ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
High Water ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Alkaline Complex ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gases ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Water Contents

NOTE: This article was published in a former series of GEUS Bulletin. Please use the original series name when citing this article, for example: Konnerup-Madsen, J. (2001). A review of the composition and evolution of hydrocarbon gases during solidification of the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland. Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin, 190, 159-166. https://doi.org/10.34194/ggub.v190.5187 _______________ Fluid inclusions in minerals from agpaitic nepheline syenites and hydrothermal veins in the Ilímaussaq complex and in similar agpaitic complexes on the Kola Peninsula, Russia, are dominated by hydrocarbon gases (predominantly methane) and hydrogen. Such volatile compositions differ considerably from those of most other igneous rocks and their formation and entrapment in minerals reflects low oxygen fugacities and a wide range of crystallisation temperatures extending to a low-temperature solidus. Their composition reflects initial low carbon contents and high water contents of the magma resulting in the exsolution of a waterrich CO2–H2O dominated vapour phase. Fractionation of chlorides into the vapour phase results in high salinities and the subsequent development of a heterogeneous vapour phase with a highly saline aqueous-rich fraction and a methane-dominated fraction, with preferential entrapment of the latter, possibly due to different wetting characteristics. The light stable isotope compositions support an abiogenic origin for the hydrocarbons in agpaitic nepheline syenite complexes.

Working collection formation of apple-tree (Malus domestica Mill.) gene pool for priority breeding trends

2019 ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
T.I. Krasulia
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
High Water ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Breeding Efficiency ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
Distinguished Varieties ◽  
Spring Frosts

Aim. To define the priority trends of apple breeding in the southern steppe of Ukraine and to identify varieties – sources of high valuable-for-breeding indices for building up a working collection. Results and Discussion. Spring frosts and wet weather in May-June contributing to development of the scab pathogen (Venturia inaequalis), high temperature and water deficit in the 2nd half of the growing period, when fruits grow and ripen, are the major stress weather/climatic factors for apple trees in the southern steppe of Ukraine. Therefore, the priority in breeding is given to developing varieties that would be resistant to several unfavorable factors. At the same time, commercial use of new varieties is possible provided high commercial quality indicators of fruits. High resistance of buds to spring frosts was observed in varieties Vechirnia Zoria, Moldavskoye Krasnoye, and Prima. Oligogenic varieties (genes Vm and Vf), including Harant, Skifske Zoloto, and Liberty, showed no signs of scab development. Varieties with polygenic resistance to this disease were identified; they included Vechirnia Zoria, Ornament, Carola. Drought-tolerant varieties with high water-holding capacity of leaves and their turgor restoration after wilting, including Carola, Florina, and Prima, were selected by a laboratory method. Assessment of drought tolerance in the field made it possible to enrich this group with numerous varieties. Varieties giving fruits with high commercial qualities on insufficient water availability, such as Vechirnia Zoria, Harant, Moldavskoye Krasnoye, Ornament and others, were distinguished. Varieties combining resistance to several unfavorable abiotic and biotic factors with high marketability traits of fruits were singled out. Among them. Harant, Delicious Spur, Liberty, and Prima should be mentioned. Conclusions. The development of varieties with complex tolerance to spring frosts, drought, scab pathogen and high qualities of fruits is the priority trend in the breeding of apple trees in the southern steppe of Ukraine. Varieties - sources of individual valuable traits and their various combinations were identified. Varieties Vechirnia Zoria, Moldavskoye Krasnoye, Ornament, and Golden Resistant combine the maximum number of valuable-for-breeding features. It is varieties-sources of several traits that should make up a working collection of apple trees to increase the breeding efficiency.

scholarly journals An Overview of the Helminths of Moor Frog Rana arvalis Nilsson, 1842 (Amphibia: Anura) in the Volga Basin

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Igor V. Chikhlyaev ◽  
Alexander B. Ruchin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Position ◽  
Helminth Fauna ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Volga Basin ◽  
Rana Arvalis ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Spirometra Erinacei ◽  
First Time ◽  
Moor Frog

This is the first review of the helminth fauna of the moor frog Rana arvalis Nilsson, 1842 from the Volga river basin (Russia). The article summarizes the authors’ and literature data on the helminthic fauna of this species. The method of complete helminthological dissection was used. Thirthy-eight helminth species were recorded from three classes: Cestoda (1), Trematoda (28), and Chromadorea (9). Nine helminth species are new to the moor frog in Russia: trematodes Gorgodera varsoviensis Sinitzin, 1905, Strigea falconis Szidat, 1928, larvae, Neodiplostomum spathoides Dubois, 1937, larvae, Tylodelphys excavata (Rudolphi, 1803), larvae, Pharyngostomum cordatum (Diesing, 1850), larvae, Astiotrema monticelli Stossich, 1904, larvae and Encyclometra colubrimurorum (Rudolphi, 1819), larvae, nematodes Strongyloides spiralis Grabda-Kazubska, 1978 and Icosiella neglecta (Diesing, 1851). The cestode Spirometra erinacei (Rudolphi, 1918), larvae were observed of this amphibian species in the Volga basin for the first time. The nematodes Rhabdias bufonis, Oswaldocruzia filiformis, Cosmocerca ornata and the trematode Haplometra cylindracea form the core of the helminth fauna of the moor frog. Information on species of helminths includes systematic position, localization, areas of detection, type and scheme of life cycle, geographical distribution, and degree of specificity to host amphibians.

Hydraulic segmentation does not protect stems from acute water loss during fire

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A Hoffmann ◽  
Amanda C Rodrigues ◽  
Nicholas Uncles ◽  
Lorenzo Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
High Water ◽  
Fire Plume ◽  
Magnolia Grandiflora ◽  
Hydraulic Failure ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Transport Path ◽  
Measured Water

Abstract The heat plume associated with fire has been hypothesized to cause sufficient water loss from trees to induce embolism and hydraulic failure. However, it is unclear whether the water transport path remains sufficiently intact during scorching or burning of foliage to sustain high water loss. We measured water uptake by branches of Magnolia grandiflora while exposing them to a range of fire intensities, and examined factors influencing continued water uptake after fire. Burning caused a 22-fold mean increase in water uptake, with greatest rates of water loss observed at burn intensities that caused complete consumption of leaves. Such rapid uptake is possible only with steep gradients in water potential, which would likely result in substantial cavitation of xylem and loss of conductivity in intact stems. Water uptake continued after burning was complete, and was greatest following burn intensities that killed leaves but did not consume them. This post-fire uptake was mostly driven by rehydration of the remaining tissues, rather than evaporation from the tissues. Our results indicate that the fire-plume hypothesis can be expanded to include a wide range of burning conditions experienced by plants. High rates of water loss are sustained during burning, even when leaves are killed or completely consumed.

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