scholarly journals IDEOLOGY, RACE, AND ART: JAMES BALDWIN’S LEGACY

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 853-858
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Stulov
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Black Population ◽  
James Baldwin ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Active Part ◽  
American People ◽  
African American People ◽  
American Writer ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa

In the 1950s-60s the outstanding African American writer James Baldwin took an active part in the events of the so-called Black Revolution in the USA, which had a tremendous effect on the country’s social and political life for the following years. African American people of art got strongly divided into two camps on the ideological issues. Baldwin belonged to the integrationists who did not separate their fate from the fate of America and insisted on the decisive measures to be taken by the US administration to change the attitude towards the black population. His position as well as his works written at that period aroused severe criticism on the part of the Black radicals. Time took care of it, but Baldwin’s lesson is important for understanding the problems of the connection between ideology and art.

Dissimulating Blackness: The Degenerative Satires of Paul Beatty and Percival Everett

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
American People ◽  
African American People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Paul Beatty

This chapter provides a reading of three novels – Paul Beatty’s The White Boy Shuffle and Slumberland and Percival Everett’s A History of the African American People [Proposed] by Strom Thurmond as Told to Percival Everett and James Kincaid – that engage in degenerative satire, which complicates the mimetic representation of satiric texts. This chapter argues that these novels satirize not only clichéd tropes of blackness but also the presumption that blackness can or should be represented. Ultimately, this chapter shows how these novels destabilize the very notion of blackness.

The Alleged Use of Chemical Weapons Against the Syrian People: Does It Justify Forceful Intervention?

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-159
Author(s):  
S. Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Crimes Against Humanity ◽  
American People ◽  
Chemical Weapons ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Geneva Conventions ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Military Campaign

The USA continues to deliberate over the use of military force against the Syrian regime under Bashar al-Assad, after its alleged use of chemical weapons against civilians. So long as the UN Security Council does not agree with intervention, any US action is not permissible under the UN Charter. Even the principle of Responsibility to Protect would not be justified in this case, as any action is likely to be short, punitive, and unlikely to end the attacks on Syrian civilians. To determine if international law permits the launching of US military strikes in Syria, it is the UN Charter, and not the Geneva Conventions, which must guide the US government and the American people. Then, there is the so-called humanitarian intervention, or a military campaign calculated to stop widespread attacks on a civilian population, including acts of genocide, other crimes against humanity, and war crimes.

scholarly journals Disturbing the Peace of “Two Not So Very Different” Countries: James Baldwin and Fritz Raddatz

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-109
Author(s):  
Gianna Zocco
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Chief Editor ◽  
James Baldwin ◽  
American Writer ◽  
International Activities ◽  
Critical Writings

When James Baldwin in No Name in the Street discusses the case of Tony Maynard, who had been imprisoned in Hamburg in 1967, he emphasizes that his efforts to aid his unjustly imprisoned friend were greatly supported by his German publishing house Rowohlt and, in particular, by his then-editor Fritz Raddatz (1931–2015). While the passages on Maynard remain the only instance in Baldwin’s published writings in which Raddatz—praised as a courageous “anti-Nazi German” and a kindred ally who “knows what it means to be beaten in prison”—is mentioned directly, the relation between Baldwin and Raddatz has left traces that cover over fifty years. The African-American writer and Rowohlt’s chief editor got to know each other around 1963, when Baldwin was first published in Germany. They exchanged letters between 1965 and 1984, and many of Raddatz’s critical writings from different periods—the first piece from 1965, the last from 2014—focus of Baldwin’s books. They also collaborated on various projects—among them a long interview and Baldwin’s review of Roots—which were all published in the German weekly newspaper Die Zeit, where Raddatz served as head of the literary and arts sections from 1977 to 1985. Drawing on published and unpublished writings of both men, this article provides a discussion of the most significant facets of this under-explored relationship and its literary achievements. Thereby, it sheds new light on two central questions of recent Baldwin scholarship: first, the circumstances of production and formation crucial to Baldwin’s writings of the 1970s and 1980s, and secondly, Baldwin’s international activities, his transcultural reception and influence.

scholarly journals Comparison of a Collective Intelligence Tailored Messaging System on Smoking Cessation Between African American and White People Who Smoke: Quasi-Experimental Design

10.2196/18064 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. e18064
Author(s):  
Jamie M Faro ◽  
Catherine S Nagawa ◽  
Jeroan A Allison ◽  
Stephenie C Lemon ◽  
Kathleen M Mazor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Recommender System ◽  
Collective Intelligence ◽  
American People ◽  
African American People ◽  
White People ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Background The Patient Experience Recommender System for Persuasive Communication Tailoring (PERSPeCT) is a machine learning recommender system with a database of messages to motivate smoking cessation. PERSPeCT uses the collective intelligence of users (ie, preferences and feedback) and demographic and smoking profiles to select motivating messages. PERSPeCT may be more beneficial for tailoring content to minority groups influenced by complex, personally relevant factors. Objective The objective of this study was to describe and evaluate the use of PERSPeCT in African American people who smoke compared with white people who smoke. Methods Using a quasi-experimental design, we compared African American people who smoke with a historical cohort of white people who smoke, who both received up to 30 emailed tailored messages over 65 days. People who smoke rated the daily message in terms of perceived influence on quitting smoking for 30 days. Our primary analysis compared daily message ratings between the two groups using a t test. We used a logistic model to compare 30-day cessation between the two groups and adjusted for covariates. Results The study included 119 people who smoke (African Americans, 55/119; whites, 64/119). At baseline, African American people who smoke were significantly more likely to report allowing smoking in the home (P=.002); all other characteristics were not significantly different between groups. Daily mean ratings were higher for African American than white people who smoke on 26 of the 30 days (P<.001). Odds of quitting as measured by 30-day cessation were significantly higher for African Americans (odds ratio 2.3, 95% CI 1.04-5.53; P=.03) and did not change after adjusting for allowing smoking at home. Conclusions Our study highlighted the potential of using a recommender system to personalize for African American people who smoke. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02200432; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02200432 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/jmir.6465

scholarly journals Zooming Towards Better Health: Participant Experience in a Web-Based Group Cognitive Behavioral Intervention (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannat Saini ◽  
Ashley Owen ◽  
Anna Hammer ◽  
William Brown ◽  
Ambar Kulshreshtha
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Video Conferencing ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
American People ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
African American People ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Healthy Behaviors ◽  
The Web ◽  
Group Cbt

BACKGROUND Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is effective in the management of several medical conditions such as anxiety and depression. The CBT method addresses the interaction between people’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior, and has also been shown to be an effective strategy for patients with dementia and comorbid anxiety. However, no study has evaluated an internet-based group CBT for prevention of dementia in high risk patient groups such as African American people. African American people have twice the risk of developing dementia compared to white people. Therefore, more targeted and easy-to-access interventions are urgently needed in this group. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to survey participant evaluation of the Web-based CBT program for African American people with mild cognitive impairment. METHODS The LIGHT (Lifestyle Intervention Guidance for a Healthier Tomorrow) study program is a six-month pilot study that aims to test the feasibility and acceptability of CBT in African American people with a diagnosis of MCI through group video conferencing compared with in-person group CBT sessions. Ten participants were randomized to each study arm. An anonymous online survey using Likert scales was administered to study participants to measure the acceptability and feasibility of CBT using Web-based video conferencing via the Zoom application after each session. The survey also included open-ended questions to gauge additional feedback from the participants. RESULTS Eighty-three percent of participants (5 out of 6 respondents) in the Web-based arm rated the ease of use of the Zoom technology positively (ie, either very easy or easy to use on a Likert scale). Sixty-seven percent of participants (4 out of 6 respondents) rated that the computerized CBT can be an effective medium to improve health and healthy behaviors. All respondents rated the helpfulness of the online sessions as “most helpful” (50%), “helpful” (33%), or “neutral” (17%). In response to open-ended questions, participants stated that the online sessions were “on spot, in the moment counseling,” provided “the ability to interact with others of varied backgrounds, experiencing similar issues,” “convenience of being at home versus traveling to a particular location is a tremendous plus,” and that “(the sessions) afford the group a certain level of anonymity with the choice of when and/or whether or not to share in the discussions.” Other key phrases that were stated included saving travel expenses, time, being cost efficient but at the same time allowing a diverse population to participate. Participants mentioned having the occasional technical difficulty, and one respondent mentioned the lack of physical interaction as a disadvantage. Four participants did not complete the survey. CONCLUSIONS African American participants with MCI rated Web-based group CBT interventions as helpful to improve healthy behaviors. Participants noted that that Web sessions are easy to use, as they can interact with each other in a group setting from their own homes. Our survey provides preliminary evidence regarding the potential for a Web-based group CBT protocol as a useful modality for interventions designed to improve lifestyle and reduce the risk of dementia in African American people. Ongoing research will further test the effectiveness of the Web-method of treatment delivery.

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