scholarly journals Heat-Exchange Surface Calculation of Heat-Conducting Medium and Grain Trashed Heap

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-68
Author(s):  
В.А. Николаев ◽  
И.В. Кряклина
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Conducting Medium ◽  
Heat Conducting ◽  
Heat Exchange Surface ◽  
Heat Conducting Medium ◽  
Exchange Surface

Для энергосбережения при сушке зерна в контактно-конвективной сушилке предлагается использовать тепло охлаждающей жидкости двигателя внутреннего сгорания. Жидкость поступает в трубки контактно-конвективной сушилки. Трубки теплоносителя расположены наклонно под углом 40° параллельно друг другу по всей ширине сушилки. Над ними, в шахматном порядке – паросборники. Над паросборниками установлен плавающий разравнивающий транспортёр, который изменяет своё положение в зависимости от объёма зерна в контактно-конвективной сушилке. Рассмотрена отдельная зерновка, движущаяся по поверхности трубки теплоносителя. В результате нагрева зерновки происходит её отпотевание – появление влаги на поверхности зерновки. Произведён теплотехнический расчёт поверхности теплообмена теплоносителя и зернового вороха, определено количество тепла, передающегося зерновому вороху в результате контактного теплообмена. Установлено, что использование тепла охлаждающей жидкости двигателя внутреннего сгорания в контактно-конвективной сушилке приводит к энергосбережению при сушке зерна. For energy saving at grain drying in contact-convection drier it is proposed to use heat of cooling liquid of internal combustion engine. The liquid enters the tubes of the contact-convection drier. Heat carrier tubes are set at an angle of 40 ° parallel to each other along the full width of the drier. There are steam headers staggering above them. An amphibious leveling carrier is installed above the steam headers which changes its position depending on the volume of grain in the contact-convection drier. Separate caryopsis moving along surface of heat-conducting medium tube is considered. As a result of the heating of the caryopsis its sweating occurs – the appearance of moisture on the surface of the caryopsis. Thermotechnical calculation of heat-exchange surface of heat-conducting medium and grain trashed heap is performed, amount of heat transferred to grain trashed heap as a result of contact heat exchange is determined. It has been found that using the cooling liquid heat of the internal combustion engine in the contact-convection drier leads to energy saving when drying grain.

scholarly journals The concept of a new refrigerant in combustion engines in aspect of the requirements of modern drive systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 177 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Mateusz SZRAMOWIAT
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Drive Systems

The article presents currently applied construction solutions for currently used cooling systems for internal combustion engines. There were presented their defects and possible development directions were indicated. On this basis the concept of a cooling system which will enable the improvement of heat exchange in the internal combustion engine has been proposed.

INCREASING CAPACITY AND EFFICIENCY THROUGH THE USE OF ENERGY-SAVING SETTINGS IN THE EXHAUST SYSTEM OF THE ENGINE

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-372
Author(s):  
Кожин ◽  
S. Kozhin ◽  
Шемякин ◽  
A. Shemyakin
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Taylor Vortices ◽  
Engine Power

The article focuses on the main items of gradual modernization of the internal combustion engine, gives its comparative characteristics, describes the shortcomings of modern systems and outlines an alternative way to increase the engine power. It describes the basic principles of the formation of Taylor vortices, Benard vortices, and points to their use in the exhaust system of modern engines.

scholarly journals Stand testing of energy saving motor oil in the internal combustion engine

2017 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Ponomarenko ◽  
Vitaliy Dudnik ◽  
Nadiia Afanasieva ◽  
Mikhail Boiko
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Motor Oil

scholarly journals A method to predict electric vehicles’ market penetration as well as its impact on energy saving and CO2 mitigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 003685042110402
Author(s):  
Shijun Fu ◽  
Hongji Fu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Mitigation

Introduction: Although forecasting electric vehicles’ growth in China was frequently reported in the literature, predicting electric vehicles market penetration as well as corresponding energy saving and carbon dioxide mitigation potential in a more suitable method is not well understood. Methods: This study chose the double species model to predict electric vehicles’ growth trajectory under mutually competitive conditions between electric vehicles and internal combustion engine vehicles. For comparison, it set two scenarios: with 200 and 300 vehicles per thousand persons at 2050. To give details on energy saving and carbon dioxide mitigation potential induced by electric vehicles’ market penetration, it further divided electric vehicles into five subgroups and internal combustion engine vehicles into seven subgroups, therein forming respective measurement formulas. Results: This paper solved the double species model and thus got its analytical formula. Then it employed the analytical formula to conduct an empirical study on electric vehicles market penetration in China from year 2010 to 2050. Under scenario 300, electric vehicles growth trajectory will emerge a quick growth stage during 2021–2035, thereafter keeping near invariant till 2050. Meanwhile, current internal combustion engine vehicles’ quick growth will continue up to 2027, then holding constant during 2028–2040, afterwards following a 10-year slowdown period. Scenario 200 has similar features, but a 2-year delay for electric vehicles and a 5-year lead time for internal combustion engine vehicles were found. On average, scenario 300 will save 114.4 Mt oil and 111.5 Mt carbon dioxide emissions, and scenario 200 will save 77.1 Mt oil and 73.4 Mt carbon dioxide emissions each year. Beyond 2032, annual 50.0% of road transport consumed oil and 18.6% of carbon dioxide emissions from this sector will be saved under scenario 300. Discussion: Compared with scenario 200, scenario 300 was more suitable to predict electric vehicle market penetration in China. In the short-term electric vehicle penetration only brings about trivial effects, while in the long-term it will contribute a lot to both energy security and carbon dioxide mitigation. The contribution of this article provided a more suitable methodology for predicting electric vehicle market penetration, simulated two coupled trajectories of electric vehicles and internal combustion engine vehicles, and discussed relative energy-saving and climate effects from 2010 to 2050.

scholarly journals MODELING OF HEAT EXCHANGE PROCESSES EXPECTING IN CYLINDERS OF THE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

Fire Safety ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 15-34
Author(s):  
P. Hashchuk ◽  
S. Nikipchuk
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Forced Convection ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Empirical Relationships ◽  
Exchange Processes

The general principles of model reflection of working processes in the internal combustion engine are investigated. Like that intramolecular (chemically effective), molecular (thermodynamically active) or macroscopic (ordered by external manifestation) motion in substances causes mass transfer - diffusion, impulse transfer - viscosity, as well as they form the transfer of energy of disordered motion - heat-exchanging. By tying the phenomena of mass, momentum and energy transfer with molecular, intraocular and ordered motions, respectively, the leading, radial and convection components of each of these phenomena can be distinguished. Due to the common condition, diffusion, viscosity, heat transfer are interconnected phenomena and play a decisive role in processes passing through cylinders of the internal combustion engine. Therefore, they together should have been subject to some general harmonious theory of motion and energy exchange, which is based on the uniform physical and mathematical principles of environmental reflection. However, today such a theory does not exist. Because of this, in the study of heat exchange processes in the internal combustion engines we have to move, relying heavily on the principles of empiricism. In spite of the extremely complex phenomenon of  heat transfer, the internal combustion engine in the working space of the engine is such that it allows us to rely on relatively simple model descriptions based on the principles of empiricism. The purpose of the work — based on the principles of the theory of similarity, to justify the possibility of adequate reflection and formalized generalization of experimentally identified information about the laws of the flow of heat transfer processes in the engines of Otto (the engine of rapid internal combustion). The main object of empirical research is the coefficient of heat transfer. Only meaningful transparency and ease of use can be explained by the fact that so far this concept is widely used, although it is completely motivated can be replaced by a more general dimensionless characteristic. A great deal of empirical dependencies are proposed for calculating this coefficient. Each of them has own level of universality and it is applicability limits for adequacy. Generally, universality and adequacy are not mutually conductive characteristics of the quality of empirical relationships. That is why studying a certain set of engine operating modes, it is desirable to involve in the mathematical and experimental apparatus of research, such analytically displayed empirical relationships, which within this set remained unchanged by the structure and values of its main parameters. Heat transfer in the cylinder of the engine of rapid internal combustion between the gas and the wall of the combustion space occurs mainly due to forced convection. Actually in the engine operating on the Otto cycle, the heat transfer as a result of radiation in the course of fueling is generally negligible because (unlike a diesel engine), in the projectile of combustion, there is not a significant amount of fired particles of soot, and by themselves, gases as emitters, as compared to forced turbulent convection, can tolerate a relatively small amount of heat, which is unlikely to be taken into consideration in general. Equation of forced convection is traditionally based on a similarity relationship between criteria Nusselt (Nu), Reynolds (Re), Prandtl (Pr); C, n, m, — constant. G.Woschni found out that the values of the degrees of power are acceptable  and .But in general it turned out that good simulation results can be obtained on the basis of experimental information on the flow of pressure and average temperature in the engine cylinder, taking  and for each mode of operation of the engine its meaning  from the range .Examples of model reproduction of the change in the coefficient of heat output from the angle of rotation of the motor shaft for different loads are given.

АКУСТИЧНА ПОМІТНІСТЬ БЕЗПІЛОТНИХ ЛІТАЛЬНИХ АПАРАТІВ З СИЛОВИМИ УСТАНОВКАМИ НА БАЗІ ПОРШНЕВИХ ДВИГУНІВ

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-80
Author(s):  
В. В. Руденко ◽  
И. В. Калужинов ◽  
Н. А. Андрущенко
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Acoustic Signature ◽  
Static Conditions

The presence in operation of many prototypes of UAVs with propeller propellers, the use of such devices at relatively low altitudes and flight speeds makes the problem of noise reduction from UAVs urgent both from the point of view of acoustic imperceptibility and ecology.The aim of the work is to determine a set of methods that help to reduce the visibility of UAVs in the acoustic range. It is shown that the main source of noise from the UAV on the ground is the power plant, which includes the engine and the propeller. The parameters of the power plants influencing the processes that determine the acoustic signature of the UAV were investigated. A comprehensive analysis of the factors affecting visibility was carried out. The power plants include two-stroke and four-stroke engines, internal combustion and two-blade propellers. The use of silencers on the exhaust of the internal combustion engine was considered. The spectral characteristics of the acoustic fields of the propeller-driven power plants for the operating sample of the UAV "Eco" were obtained. The measurements were carried out in one-third octave and 1/48 octave frequency bands under static conditions. The venue is the KhAI airfield. Note that the propellers that were part of the power plants operated at Reynolds numbers (Re0,75<2*105), which can significantly affect its aerodynamic and acoustic characteristics. It is shown that when choosing a UAV control system, one should take into account the fact that two-stroke piston engines are the dominant source in the noise of propeller-driven control systems in the absence of a hood and mufflers in the intake and exhaust tracts. The use of a four-stroke internal combustion engine significantly reduces the noise of the control system. In the general case, the position of the boundaries of the zone of acoustic visibility of a UAV at the location of the observer is determined by the ratio between the intensity of acoustic radiation perceived by the observer from the UAV and the intensity of sound corresponding to the natural acoustic background and depends on the degree of manifestation of acoustic effects accompanying the propagation of sound in a turbulent atmosphere - the refraction of sound waves. Absorption and dissipation of acoustic energy. The calculation and comparison of the UAV detection range was carried out taking into account the existing natural maskers.The results of experimental studies are presented that allow assessing the degree of acoustic signature of the UAV. A set of measures aimed at reducing the intensity of the acoustic signature of the UAV in various regions of the radiation spectrum has been determined.

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