Water Saving Technologies: A Measure to Avert Fluoride Contamination in Tamil Nadu

2020 ◽  
pp. 431-436
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Fluoride Contamination ◽  
Education Experience ◽  
Education Activity

Over abstraction of groundwater and over use of phosphatic fertilizer in the farmer's field, one of the cause of fluoride contamination in groundwater. In India, many studies have reported that the groundwater contaminated with fluoride. Tamil Nadu is one among fluoride contaminated state. Farmers are irrigating the crops through groundwater for high water consumption crops such as paddy, maize and sugarcane. Water saving technologies shifted the production function up and also reduced the abstraction of groundwater. An attempt was made to study the level of adoption of agricultural technologies among fluoride affected farmers for major crops and analysed the factors influencing water saving technologies in fluoride affected locales. Primary data was collected from 184 farmers through multistage random sampling technique. Technology adoption index and logit model was used. The results showed that most of the farmers were non adopters of water saving technologies compared to adopters of technologies in fluoride affected locales. Age, education, experience of farmers, farm income, depth of well, awareness about fluoride contamination and contact with extension personnel were significantly influenced the water saving technologies adoption. Therefore, the efforts are required to intensify the extension education activity to increase awareness among the farmers so as to accelerate the process of adoption as it is one of the measure to avert fluoride contamination.

scholarly journals Determinants of Adoption of New Agricultural Technologies by Cooperative Farmers in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-75
Author(s):  
Onuoha, Onyekachi Chibueze ◽  
Umebali, Emmanuel
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Extension Agents ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Institutional Factor ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Frequency Of Contact

Globally, advanced technologies are invented or discovered for the improvement of farming activities. In Nigeria, such technologies are gradually being available from research institutes and imported technologies. The low outputs of farms suggest that these technologies seem not to be highly adopted in Nigeria and the factors that determine the adoption of these technologies are yet to be explored. The study examined the socio-economic and institutional determinants of the adoption of new agricultural technologies by cooperative farmers in Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. Multistage random sampling technique was used to select three hundred and twenty farmers (160 individual farmers and 160 co-operative farmers), statistically derived using the Taro Yamane formula. The data used for this study were sourced from primary data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were deployed in the analysis of data. Findings revealed that sex, marital status, farm size and annual farm income socio-economic are the socioeconomic factors affecting the adoption of new agricultural technologies while the frequency of contact with extension agents is the key institutional factor affecting the adoption of agricultural technologies. Recommendations made include that extension services should be improved by the Agricultural Development Programme. There should be at least two extension agents to each community who should visit the farms regularly and expose the farmers to the latest agricultural technologies through Small Plots Adoption Trials (SPATS) and On-Farm Adaptive Research. The extension service workers in ADP should enjoin individual farmers to form effective groups (Co-operative Societies) for easy diffusion of the agricultural technological innovations.

scholarly journals Adoption of improved agricultural technology and its impact on household income: a propensity score matching estimation in eastern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muluken G. Wordofa ◽  
Jemal Y. Hassen ◽  
Getachew S. Endris ◽  
Chanyalew S. Aweke ◽  
Dereje K. Moges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Adoption of improved agricultural technologies remains to be a promising strategy to achieve food security and poverty reduction in many developing countries. However, there are limited rigorous impact evaluations on the contributions of such technologies on household welfare. This paper investigates the impact of improved agricultural technology use on farm household income in eastern Ethiopia. Methods Primary data for the study was obtained from a random sample of 248 rural households, 119 of which are improved technology users and the rest are non-users. The research employed the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) procedure to establish the causal relationship between adoption of improved crop and livestock technologies and changes in farm income. Results Results from the econometric analysis show that households using improved agricultural technologies had, on average, 23,031.28 Birr (Birr is the official currency of Ethiopia. The exchange rate according to the National Bank of Ethiopia (NBE) was 1 USD = 27.6017 Birr on 04 October 2018.) higher annual farm income compared to those households not using such technologies. Our findings highlight the importance of promoting multiple and complementary agricultural technologies among rural smallholders. Conclusions We suggest that rural technology generation, dissemination and adoption interventions be strengthened. Moreover, the linkage among research, extension, universities and farmers needs to be enhanced through facilitating a multistakeholders innovation platforms.

scholarly journals A study on customers purchase decesion making green marketing products in tamil nadu with special reference to coimbatore city

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-322
Author(s):  
MARAGATHAM V
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Green Marketing ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Environmentally Responsible ◽  
Environmentally Safe

First of all, environment and environmental problems, one of the reason why the green marketing emerged. According to the American Marketing Association, green marketing is the marketing of products that are presumed to be environmentally safe, To analyse the factors influencing the green marketing products in Coimbatore city.Objectives of the study, To analyse the factors influencing the green marketing products in Coimbatore city. The describptive research has used this study. Primary as well as secondary data has been used in this study. Primary data collected from structured questionnaire. Secondary data were collected from journals, magazines, news paper etc. Simple random sampling technique adopted in this study.Suggested this study, Consumer needs to be made more aware about the merits of Green products. The consumer needs to be educated and made aware of the environmental threats. It should be made sure that the consumer is aware of and concerned about the issues that your product attempts to address. Green Marketing campaign and green advertising is good step toward it. Conclude this study, an environmental committed organization may not only produce goods that have reduced their detrimental impact on theenvironment, they may also be able to pressure their suppliers to behave in a more environmentally responsible fashion.

scholarly journals Socio-economic characteristics of registered cocoa farmers in Edo State, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-266
Author(s):  
C.O. Osarenren ◽  
J.O. Ejuetueyin ◽  
K.I. Eweka
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
Edo State ◽  
Cocoa Farmers

This study examined the socio-economic characteristics of registered cocoa farmers in Edo State; Nigeria. Primary data was collected using a well structured questionnaire administered to 180 registered cocoa farmers selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and budgetary technique. Results showed that 88.9% of cocoa farmers were male with a mean range of 46 years with 75% being married and 88.8% having formal education. The budgetary technique was used to determine the profitability of cocoa production, which was found to be profitable in the study area at a gross margin of N66, 350, Net Farm Income of N59, 200, and net return on investment of N 1.11.The Benefit Cost Ratio and Expense Structure Ratio of 2.11 and 0.12 respectively indicated that cocoa production was economically profitable and viable since the BCR is greater than 1 and the Gross Ratio (GR) of cocoa production is 0.47. From these profitability ratios, it shows that cocoa production is a profitable business in the study area. Inadequate finance to operate on large scale was found to be the major constraint to the cocoa farmers in the study area. The study concludes that cocoa production is profitable and was recommended that production could be improved and sustained through provision of soft loans to the farmers.Keywords: socio-economics, characteristics, registered cocoa farmers

scholarly journals Analysis of Household Participation in Urban Agriculture: Empirical Evidence from Urban Households in Kogi State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
M. K. Ibrahim ◽  
M. Haruna ◽  
U. M. Shaibu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Urban Farm ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Sufficient Food

The study analysed household participation in urban agriculture in Kogi State, Nigeria. It specifically; described the socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents; determined the factors that influence household participation in urban agriculture; and determined the effect of urban agriculture on household income. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 60 respondents each from four purposively selected peri-urban/urban centres in Kogi State: Lokoja (Zone A), Anyigba (Zone B), Okene (Zone C), and Idah (Zone D). Primary data obtained through questionnaire administration were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. Findings from the study revealed that 61.7% of the respondents were males and a mean age of 43 years was recorded. Married (90%) household heads dominated the respondents with a mean household size of 7 members. Education (β = -0.862), dependent (β = 1.904), marital status (β = 2.544), access to sufficient food (β = -2.495), employment status (β = 1.307) and access to land (β = 0.505) statistically influenced household participation in urban agriculture, while the OLS output indicated that urban farm income (β = 17.539) and non-farm income (β = 848.798) had significant effect on total household income. The study concluded that urban agriculture has the potential of improving the livelihood of urban dwellers. The study therefore recommends the integration of urban agriculture into urban development plan; easy access to land and other production inputs.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENDAPATAN USAHATANI BUAH RAMBUTAN DI DESA TALAWAAN KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Wa Ode Ariany ◽  
Gene H. M. Kapantow ◽  
Caroline B. D. Pakasi
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Farm Production ◽  
Nephelium Lappaceum ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Cost

Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L) in the form of a tree with fruit that has skin hair resembles a fruit crop wooded meant in the family Sapindaceae. Talawaan village is a center of rambutan fruit producer in North Minahasa Regency. This research was conducted in January to April 2016 in the village Talawaan Talawaan District of North Minahasa regency. This study using purposive sampling technique using a sample of 15 people rambutan growers. Data collected consist of primary data and secondary data. The results showed that the respondents farmers for the production of rambutan Talawaan village average per farmer as much as 1237.73 kg while the average production per tree as much as 78.51 kg with the average price per kilogram of rambutan Rp 6,000. Rambutan farm receipts on average per farmer Rp 7.4264 million while for the average receipts per tree Rp 471 060. Farm production costs to the cost of production per farmer Rp 228.374.33 while the cost of production per tree Rp 161.56.78, so revenues are reduced by the cost of production, the rambutan farm income to average per farmer Rp 7,198,025.67 while for earnings per tree Rp 454,904.63.

Determinants of Audit Quality at Public Accounting Firms

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-143
Author(s):  
Audrey Michelle Wenny Yolanda ◽  
Kartini Kartini ◽  
Grace T. Pontoh
Keyword(s):  
Audit Quality ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Public Accounting ◽  
Accounting Firms ◽  
Education Experience ◽  
Audit Fee ◽  
Public Accounting Firms

Objective – This study aims to examine and prove the effect of education, experience and audit fee on audit quality. Methodology – The data used are primary data in the form of questionnaires distributed to auditors, both senior and junior auditors at Public Accounting Firms located in Sulawesi. The questionnaires distributed to respondents were 46 auditors and 42 questionnaires were returned and able to processed. Findings – This research used a quantitative approach by measuring the objective data through scientific calculations, derived from samples of certain objects to answer a number of questions. The sampling technique used in this study is purposive sampling by using certain criteria and the model used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that education, experience and audit fee have an effect on audit quality. Novelty – Audit quality is a representation of the auditor's performance as an audit service provider and also the auditee as an audit service user. As a liaison between the interests of financial statement users and the company, auditors are required to improve the quality of their services which in turn will have an impact on quality of the audit results. Auditors with adequate education and experience and appropriate audit fee in performing audit services will have an effect on the quality of the resulting audit. Type of Paper: Empirical JEL Classification: M40, M49. Keywords: Audit, Education; Experience; Fee; Quality

Impact of Improved Agricultural Technology Use on Household Income in Eastern Ethiopia: Empirical Evidence from a Propensity Score Matching Estimation

2021 ◽  
pp. 232102492110076
Author(s):  
Muluken G. Wordofa ◽  
Jemal Y. Hassen ◽  
Getachew S. Endris ◽  
Chanyalew S. Aweke ◽  
Dereje K. Moges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
The Impact

This article investigates the impact of improved agricultural technology use on farm household income in eastern Ethiopia. Primary data for the study were obtained from a random sample of 248 rural households, 119 of which are improved technology users and the rest are non-users. The research employed the propensity score matching procedure to establish the causal relationship between adoption of improved crop and livestock technologies and changes in farm income. Results from the econometric analysis show that households using improved agricultural technologies had, on average, 23,031.28 Birr1 higher annual farm income compared to those households not using such technologies. Our findings highlight the importance of promoting multiple and complementary agricultural technologies among rural smallholders. Therefore, we suggest that rural technology generation, dissemination and adoption interventions be strengthened. Moreover, the linkage among research, extension, universities and farmers needs to be enhanced through facilitating multistakeholder innovation platforms.

scholarly journals An Economic Analysis on Production of Hill Banana in Dindigul District of Tamil Nadu, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 244-249
Author(s):  
B. Chandru ◽  
A. Rohini ◽  
M. Chandrakumar ◽  
V. Anandhi
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Banana Production ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Hill

This study was primarily concentrated on hill banana cultivation. The purpose of this study is to find the economics of hill banana cultivation and the problems faced by the hill banana farmers during the production of hill bananas in the Dindigul district of Tamil Nadu. Economics of the hill banana cultivation was done by finding the cost and returns associated with the hill banana cultivation and constraints faced by the hill banana farmers with Garrett's ranking technique. Many previous research on the production of various agricultural commodities was focused on a specific area and/or a specific commodity. There was a little study on banana production and limitations in some regions in Tamil Nadu. As a result, the focus of this research will be on hill banana production in the Dindigul district. Purposive and convenience sampling technique was used in this study. Primary data were collected by the personal interview with a well-structured interview schedule. The cost and returns of hill bananas were calculated per hectare. The average cost of production of hill bananas was estimated to be ₹2.04 lakh/ha. The average gross return was ₹5.04 lakh/ha and the average net return was estimated to be ₹2.99 lakh/ha. The result of the study shows that hill banana cultivation was highly profitable and the benefit-cost ratio (BC Ratio) was more than unity (2.46). The major constraints faced by hill banana farmers in the cultivation of hill bananas were pest attack (insects) followed by disease attack, lack of labor availability, animal attack, and drought. The findings will assist policymakers in developing appropriate programs and adjusting strategies for improving hill banana production in Tamil Nadu.

scholarly journals An Empirical Research on Business Dimensions of Small-Scale Entrepreneurs in Salem, Tamil Nadu

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2162-2164
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Small Industries

Tamil Nadu is one of the well developed States in terms of industrial development. In the post-liberalization era, Tamil Nadu has emerged as one of the front-runners by attracting a large number of investment proposals particularly in recent times. Today, Tamil Nadu is the third largest economy in India and its current State Domestic Product is well over US $ 23 billion. Small-Scale entrepreneurs in Tamil Nadu, especially in Salem district, produce an enormous variety of products which include mass consumption goods, readymade garments, hosiery goods, electrical products, handlooms and handicrafts. The contribution of small industries in these areas to the balanced regional development of whole state as well as the country is noteworthy. Therefore, there is a need to provide need base training to such people in order to bring them into mainstream in the ongoing process of economic growth. In this study, primary data was collected from 225 entrepreneurs in and around Salem area through questionnaire. Respondents were mainly running MSME (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) units and those involved in trading business were not included in the sample size. Convenience sampling technique was adopted for data collection. Simple percentage analysis and Henry Garrett ranking techniques were used for data analysis. Based on the findings of the study suitable suggestions were arrived. This research would be of immense help to Small-scale entrepreneurs and both state and central government to formulate strategies based on key business dimensions and parameters in order to sustain in the competitive market place.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document