scholarly journals ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОСТИ ДОЛИНЫ В СРЕДНЕМ ТЕЧЕНИИ Р. РАЗДОЛЬНАЯ (ПРИМОРСКИЙ КРАЙ) ПО ДАННЫМ СПОРОВО-ПЫЛЬЦЕВОГО АНАЛИЗА

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.V. Kornyushenko
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Vegetation Development ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Natural And Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Birch Forests

Изучен характер изменений растительности в результате климатических осцилляций в среднем течении р. Раздольная и близлежащих водораздельных пространств, начиная с конца среднего голоцена и при неоднократной трансформации ландшафтов при сельскохозяйственном освоении. Развитие растительности проходило в контрастных климатических условиях, наиболее сильно изменялась увлажненность. Детально реконструкции проведены для последних 2 тыс. кал. л. Изучение споровопыльцевых комплексов позволило выделить шесть споровопыльцевых зон, а также определить специфику формирования палиноспектров, которые включают пыльцу и споры растений, произраставших на данной территории, и пыльцу, принесенную воздушными и водными потоками, в том числе древнюю из нижнемеловых и палеогеннеогеновых отложений. Разрезы включают погребенную почву, сформированную в засушливый период во второй половине позднего голоцена. В это время были широко распространены остепненные полынные, разнотравные луга и березовые редколесья. Климатические условия в конце VIIX вв. постепенно стали более теплыми и влажными. Снижение температуры при высоком увлажнении в малый ледниковый период с постоянным обновлением субстрата на пойме во время наводнений привело к увеличению площадей, занятых сообществами березы овальнолистной. В лесной растительности низкогорья увеличилось участие сосны густоцветковой и берез. Споровопыльцевые комплексы включают пыльцу темнохвойных, в том числе кедра корейского, принесенную во время наводнений из верховий бассейна. Слабо изученным вопросом является оценка воздействия человека на природную среду в средневековье и более ранние эпохи. Не всегда есть информация о том, какой природный облик имела растительность до преобразования в ходе хозяйственной деятельности. Район работ был выбран около Старореченского городища, что дало возможность оценить влияние природопользования во времена Бохайского государства на основе анализа споровопыльцевых комплексов. Проанализирована роль антропогенного фактора в развитии растительности во время заселения долины первопоселенцами XIXначала XX века и при развитии современных агрокомплексов.Studies of floodplain section provided materials for reconstructing a relative importance of natural and anthropogenic factors in the vegetation development in the Razdolnaya (Suifun) River basin near the Starorechenskoye site attributed to the Bohai culture. The transformation of vegetation in the middle reaches of the Razdolnaya River and surrounding areas was influenced by climate change, since the end of the middle Holocene, the impact on vegetation has increased under the influence of agricultural activities. Six pollen zones were distinguished. The studied sequences include a paleosol that developed during a prolonged period of drought at the 2nd half of the late Holocene. The period was noted for a wide occurrence of steppe and forb meadows with wormwood, and open birch forests. The climate became gradually warmer and more humid since the late 7th to 10th centuries. A decrease in temperature at a sufficiently high humidity in the Little Ice Age (the 13th 19th centuries) led to an increase in the areas occupied by the Betula ovalifolia communities. The pollen assemblages display an appearance of dark conifers and Korean pine pollen brought by floods from the upper reaches of the river. In Pinus densiflora and birches gained in importance in the forests of mountain. The recent pollen spectra are indicative of the wide development of agricultural landscapes. The anthropogenic influence to the vegetation was connected with Bohai settlers. The role of the anthropogenic factor in the development of vegetation during the settlement of the valley by the first settlers of the XIXearly XX century and the development of modern agrocomplexes is analyzed.

scholarly journals Simulated retreat of Jakobshavn Isbræ since the Little Ice Age controlled by geometry

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2249-2266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Steiger ◽  
Kerim H. Nisancioglu ◽  
Henning Åkesson ◽  
Basile de Fleurian ◽  
Faezeh M. Nick
Keyword(s):  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Climate Forcing ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Regional Warming ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Term Response

Abstract. Rapid retreat of Greenland's marine-terminating glaciers coincides with regional warming trends, which have broadly been used to explain these rapid changes. However, outlet glaciers within similar climate regimes experience widely contrasting retreat patterns, suggesting that the local fjord geometry could be an important additional factor. To assess the relative role of climate and fjord geometry, we use the retreat history of Jakobshavn Isbræ, West Greenland, since the Little Ice Age (LIA) maximum in 1850 as a baseline for the parameterization of a depth- and width-integrated ice flow model. The impact of fjord geometry is isolated by using a linearly increasing climate forcing since the LIA and testing a range of simplified geometries. We find that the total length of retreat is determined by external factors – such as hydrofracturing, submarine melt and buttressing by sea ice – whereas the retreat pattern is governed by the fjord geometry. Narrow and shallow areas provide pinning points and cause delayed but rapid retreat without additional climate warming, after decades of grounding line stability. We suggest that these geometric pinning points may be used to locate potential sites for moraine formation and to predict the long-term response of the glacier. As a consequence, to assess the impact of climate on the retreat history of a glacier, each system has to be analyzed with knowledge of its historic retreat and the local fjord geometry.

scholarly journals The impact of anthropogenic factors on the natural values of the water reservoirs in Sosnowiec (Poland)

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika Dąbrowska ◽  
Marek Sołtysiak
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Water Reservoirs ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Many plant and animal species are closely related to the aquatic environment. Small reservoirs are a place of the biodiversity concentration. Reservoirs are especially important for amphibian species as a place of feeding, shelter and wintering. Many anthropogenic factors has a significant impact on the natural values of water reservoirs (surroundings of the water reservoirs, the shore`s type, distance from roads and buildings, the role of the object and the chemical status). They can eliminate or change amphibian population. The effect of three such factors was determined for one of the cities in the Upper Silesian Agglomeration - Sosnowiec (91 km2). The paper presents an assessment of the impact of the type of surroundings, the percentage share of the open space around water reservoirs and the distance from roads and buildings on the number of amphibian species present in the reservoir. In the analysis were taken into account 20 reservoirs, in which amphibian species were found. This analysis indicates the influence urban factors on the number of amphibian species in water reservoirs based on positive correlations in the case of Spearman Rank correlation and the Fisher’s exact test. Results of these calculations highlight the negative impact of the anthropopressure (the changes in the environment) on the amphibian breeding places and the biodiversity.

The impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on radial tree growth on the northern Kola Peninsula

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 759-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Chernen’kova ◽  
Yu. N. Bochkarev ◽  
M. Friedrich ◽  
T. Boettger
Keyword(s):  
Kola Peninsula ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Natural And Anthropogenic Factors

scholarly journals TREE LITTER PRODUCTION AND DECOMPOSITION IN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS UNDER BACKGROUND CONDITIONS AND INDUSTRIAL AIR POLLUTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-52
Author(s):  
E. A. Ivanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Industrial Air Pollution ◽  
Tree Litter ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Natural And Anthropogenic Factors

The paper provides an overview of Russian and foreign articles devoted to the study of the tree litter production and decomposition in forest ecosystems subjected to natural and anthropogenic factors. The spatial variability (below crown and between crown spaces) and the seasonal features of the tree litter production, its chemical composition and decomposition processes are poorly studied. In addition, most of the works, both in native and foreign countries science, highlight the influence of natural factors on the litter production and the processes of its decomposition, while the impact of point sources of industrial air pollution is rarely considered. The study of the variability of the size, fractional and chemical composition and processes of decomposition of tree litter under conditions of industrial air pollution is important for predicting the dynamics of forest ecosystems subjected to the combined action of natural and anthropogenic factors and reducing the negative impact of production processes on forests.

Evolution of the Ofanto River delta from the ‘Little Ice Age’ to modern times: Implications of large-scale synoptic patterns

The Holocene ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1948-1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo De Santis ◽  
Massimo Caldara ◽  
Antonella Marsico ◽  
Domenico Capolongo ◽  
Luigi Pennetta
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Synoptic Patterns ◽  
Delta Evolution ◽  
Circulation Mode

We reconstruct the evolution of the Ofanto River delta from the 17th century to the present using historical maps (1600–1850), official IGM topographic maps (1850–1980) and recent aerial photographs (2015), and we compare long-term morphological changes with the evolution of the delta of the Volturno River during the same time period. The aim of this study is to define the role of climatic (flood frequency, synoptic pressure patterns) and anthropogenic factors (deforestation, anthropogenic sediment subtraction of river sediment) in the evolution of the Ofanto delta. We analysed the importance of each factor on the evolution of the delta and compared them with the simultaneous behaviour of the Volturno delta to highlight the role of large-scale synoptic pressure patterns. We found that the main driver of different delta evolution phases is weather-climatic condition, while anthropogenic factors interacted with the delta evolution in different ways but did not control the first-order evolution. In particular, analysing the data on recent floods, we found that the most favourable situations for both rivers are omega-blocking, deep low-pressure trough and strong meridional circulation (mode Ω) which create Mediterranean low-pressure systems. Instead, a zonal circulation (mode W) can only cause floods on Volturno. Because the evolution of a delta is driven by the frequency of floods, and because we found that the frequency of floods is guided by synoptic patterns, a relationship can be established between delta evolution and synoptic patterns in the past. Consequently, past phases of the contemporary progradation of the Ofanto and Volturno deltas suggest the increasing frequency of mode Ω, while phases of simultaneous progradation of the Volturno delta and stability and/or retreat of the Ofanto delta are indicative of the increasing frequency of mode W. The only exception occurred during the last evolutionary phase (60 years), when anthropogenic sediment subtraction was prevalent.

SEABIRD RESTORATION: A REVIEW OF NEEDS AND OPTIONS

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 (1) ◽  
pp. 860-861
Author(s):  
George J. Divoky ◽  
Craig Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Natural Recovery ◽  
Regular Monitoring ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Limited Role ◽  
Restoration Techniques ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Natural And Anthropogenic Factors

ABSTRACT Seabird restoration plans require reliable estimates of the birds directly affected by a spill and the impact of that mortality on populations. They also require restoration techniques known to increase the rate of natural recovery. Unfortunately, restoration proposals have been hindered by damage assessments based on outdated and/or inappropriate data, exaggerated estimates of damages, and a lack of proven restoration techniques. Regular monitoring of seabird resources, knowledge of natural and anthropogenic factors influencing populations, and recognition of the typically limited role humans can play in seabird restoration will lead to the development of more realistic restoration plans.

scholarly journals Geomorphic Hazard Map for Spatial Planning Purposes

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Taryono
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Hazard Map ◽  
Thematic Map ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Natural And Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Geomorphologic Hazard

In the planning of spatial lay-out oriented to environmental concept, it requires the information input conneting with the condition of local environment. This condition constitutes the features characteristic of the living space which consist of natural and social environment. One of the natural environment elements, neede to the spatial lay-out planning, is the dynamis geomorphology. The process of the dynami is some times accelerated and increased by natural and anthropogenic factors. The abnormality in both acceleration and the increase will cause a natural disaster, which is based on the landscape approach it is called the geomorphologic hazard. In connection with such event thematic map of geomorphologic hazard describes the disaster susceptibility of an area. The geomorphologic hazard map is an output map whose information is obtainable from thematic map conneting with population, land use, topography, geomorphology, rainfall, hydrological data, and slope classification. Both land use and population maps desccribes the anthropogenic factors. The role of the geomorphologic hazard map, in the planning of spatial lay-out and environmental management, i.e. preventive, represive, rehabilitative, and serves as the basis for interpretation and management of living spere. By putting geomorphologic hazard into map compilation of spatial lay-out (cultural and non cultural area map) a footstep advance is the reached to guarantee human security and their treasures, and human well-being as an integral part of human living prosperity.

scholarly journals AGROECOLOGICAL MONITORING OF LAND RESOURCES AND ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-127
Author(s):  
Sergey E. Khudyakov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
The State ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Natural And Anthropogenic Factors

Analysis of currently available data on the topic of agroecological monitoring of land resources and the inextricably linked assessment of agricultural landscapes revealed the main provisions of the content and technology of agroecological monitoring of land resources. The article reveals the main aspects of agroecological monitoring, in particular its essence and main tasks, which include the organization of a system of integrated observations of the state of land resources, as well as the assessment and forecast of changes in quality indicators under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors.

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