scholarly journals AGROECOLOGICAL MONITORING OF LAND RESOURCES AND ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-127
Author(s):  
Sergey E. Khudyakov

Analysis of currently available data on the topic of agroecological monitoring of land resources and the inextricably linked assessment of agricultural landscapes revealed the main provisions of the content and technology of agroecological monitoring of land resources. The article reveals the main aspects of agroecological monitoring, in particular its essence and main tasks, which include the organization of a system of integrated observations of the state of land resources, as well as the assessment and forecast of changes in quality indicators under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors.

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (45) ◽  
pp. 22-22
Author(s):  
Alexander Saakian ◽  
◽  

Annotation Environmental monitoring allowed us to analyze the state of the environment and forecast the development of the situation. It included the control of natural and anthropogenic factors of various kinds. Environmental control allowed us to assess the ecological state of agricultural landscapes in the conditions of the NGO "Zarya" of the Ryazan district, the Ryazan region. The information obtained will reduce the anthropogenic pressure on the environment and the population, as well as optimize the use of non-renewable natural resources. Keywords: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, ECOLOGY, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES, ENVIRONMENT


2016 ◽  
pp. 75-102
Author(s):  
Katarina Lazarevic ◽  
Miodrag Zlatic ◽  
Stanimir Kostadinov

The subject of this paper is the influence of anthropogenic factors on the state of erosion in the rural part of the municipality of Vozdovac. The aim of the research is the analysis of the influence of the local population on land resources, based on the past and present state of erosion and sediment production, the usage of land resources, as well as natural and mechanical population movements. The municipality of Vozdovac is one of the 17 municipalities in Belgrade area, which covers an area of 15,000 ha. The municipal territory includes both urban and rural parts (9216 ha). When it comes to how land resources are used, it is a characteristic example of erosion processes in the mountainous Belgrade area. This paper presents an analysis of the degree of erosion threat to agricultural land in the municipality of Vozdovac, including three periods (1971; 1988; 2012), where the method used is the erosion potential method by professor Gavrilovic. However, the calculation of sediment yield was made by the method of S. Gavrilovic. The analysis of demographic factors pointed to the influence of anthropogenic factors on the state of erosion. Mathematical methods were used - geometric and exponential progression for population projections in 2020 and 2030. The results of this study showed that the intensity of erosion in that area significantly decreased and that it has a tendency of further decline.


Author(s):  
T.V. Kornyushenko

Изучен характер изменений растительности в результате климатических осцилляций в среднем течении р. Раздольная и близлежащих водораздельных пространств, начиная с конца среднего голоцена и при неоднократной трансформации ландшафтов при сельскохозяйственном освоении. Развитие растительности проходило в контрастных климатических условиях, наиболее сильно изменялась увлажненность. Детально реконструкции проведены для последних 2 тыс. кал. л. Изучение споровопыльцевых комплексов позволило выделить шесть споровопыльцевых зон, а также определить специфику формирования палиноспектров, которые включают пыльцу и споры растений, произраставших на данной территории, и пыльцу, принесенную воздушными и водными потоками, в том числе древнюю из нижнемеловых и палеогеннеогеновых отложений. Разрезы включают погребенную почву, сформированную в засушливый период во второй половине позднего голоцена. В это время были широко распространены остепненные полынные, разнотравные луга и березовые редколесья. Климатические условия в конце VIIX вв. постепенно стали более теплыми и влажными. Снижение температуры при высоком увлажнении в малый ледниковый период с постоянным обновлением субстрата на пойме во время наводнений привело к увеличению площадей, занятых сообществами березы овальнолистной. В лесной растительности низкогорья увеличилось участие сосны густоцветковой и берез. Споровопыльцевые комплексы включают пыльцу темнохвойных, в том числе кедра корейского, принесенную во время наводнений из верховий бассейна. Слабо изученным вопросом является оценка воздействия человека на природную среду в средневековье и более ранние эпохи. Не всегда есть информация о том, какой природный облик имела растительность до преобразования в ходе хозяйственной деятельности. Район работ был выбран около Старореченского городища, что дало возможность оценить влияние природопользования во времена Бохайского государства на основе анализа споровопыльцевых комплексов. Проанализирована роль антропогенного фактора в развитии растительности во время заселения долины первопоселенцами XIXначала XX века и при развитии современных агрокомплексов.Studies of floodplain section provided materials for reconstructing a relative importance of natural and anthropogenic factors in the vegetation development in the Razdolnaya (Suifun) River basin near the Starorechenskoye site attributed to the Bohai culture. The transformation of vegetation in the middle reaches of the Razdolnaya River and surrounding areas was influenced by climate change, since the end of the middle Holocene, the impact on vegetation has increased under the influence of agricultural activities. Six pollen zones were distinguished. The studied sequences include a paleosol that developed during a prolonged period of drought at the 2nd half of the late Holocene. The period was noted for a wide occurrence of steppe and forb meadows with wormwood, and open birch forests. The climate became gradually warmer and more humid since the late 7th to 10th centuries. A decrease in temperature at a sufficiently high humidity in the Little Ice Age (the 13th 19th centuries) led to an increase in the areas occupied by the Betula ovalifolia communities. The pollen assemblages display an appearance of dark conifers and Korean pine pollen brought by floods from the upper reaches of the river. In Pinus densiflora and birches gained in importance in the forests of mountain. The recent pollen spectra are indicative of the wide development of agricultural landscapes. The anthropogenic influence to the vegetation was connected with Bohai settlers. The role of the anthropogenic factor in the development of vegetation during the settlement of the valley by the first settlers of the XIXearly XX century and the development of modern agrocomplexes is analyzed.


2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
Crîsmaru Valentin ◽  
Bacal Petru ◽  
Bejan Iurie

Abstract The most ordinary form of impact on soils is erosion. A very rapid increase of the surfaces affected by erosion is conditioned, in particular, by the non-compliance of environmental requirements concerning exploitation of agricultural land and by the actual inefficient management of land resources. Lately due to the intensive exploitation of land and natural resources, the ecological situation worsened considerably, which has a negative impact over soils from the Central Development Region. Due to of the impact of agricultural activities and pressures of various factors on soil quality to grown the surface of soils eroded. Some factors led to growth the eroded surfaces which are considered high percentage of technical and hoeing crops.


Author(s):  
Fedir Kiptach

The primacy of public understanding of ecological paradigm of development was revealed. The concept and essence of renewable using of natural resources and the main principles of management of land resources were illustrated. Two landscapes were singled out based on materials of soil studies of the territory of the village council Zalissya in Starosinyavskiy district, Khmelnytskyi region. Among them: a) much-dissected upland of a forest-steppe with black soils, humus, typical and ashed, with fragments of grey forest soils, in the past with hornbeam-oak forests and herb-grass steppe, now largely ploughed; b) mediumdissected upland of a forest-steppe with black soils, low content of humus, typical, deep, in the past with oak forests and herb-grass steppe, now largely ploughed. Fraction of soils covered flatness and linear erosion was calculated. Natural and anthropogenic factors promoting the active development of erosion in this region were identified. Norms of favourable correlation of lands for two forest-steppe landscapes within the territory of land use of the village council Zalissya with the purpose of protecting the soils from erosion and improvement of the land state were grounded. Key words: renewable using of natural resources, land resources, landscapes systems, lands.


Author(s):  
M. I. Dzhalalova ◽  
A. B. Biarslanov ◽  
D. B. Asgerova

The state of plant communities in areas located in the Tersko-Sulak lowland was studied by assessing phytocenotic indicators: the structure of vegetation cover, projective cover, species diversity, species abundance and elevated production, as well as automated decoding methods. There are almost no virgin soils and natural phytocenoses here; all of them have been transformed into agrocenoses (irrigated arable lands and hayfields, rice-trees and pastures). The long-term impact on pasture ecosystems of natural and anthropogenic factors leads to significant changes in the indigenous communities of this region. Phytocenoses are formed mainly by dry-steppe types of cereals with the participation of feather grass, forbs and ephemera, a semi-desert haloxerophytic shrub - Taurida wormwood. At the base of the grass stand is common coastal wormwood and Taurida wormwood - species resistant to anthropogenic influences. Anthropogenic impacts have led to a decrease in the number of species of feed-rich grain crops and a decrease in the overall productivity of pastures. Plant communities in all areas are littered with ruderal species. The seasonal dynamics of the land cover of the sites was estimated by the methods of automatic decoding of satellite images of the Landsat8 OLI series satellite for 2015, dated by the periods: spring - May 20, summer - July 23, autumn - October 20. Satellite imagery data obtained by Landsat satellite with a resolution in the multispectral image of 30 m per pixel, and in the panchromatic image - 10 m per pixel, which correspond to the requirements for satellite imagery to assess the dynamics of soil and vegetation cover. Lower resolution data, for example, NDVI MODIS, does not provide a reliable reflection of the state of soil and vegetation cover under arid conditions. In this regard, remote sensing data obtained from the Internet resource https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/ was used.


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