scholarly journals Impacts des banquettes dans la récupération des terres dégradées au Niger

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 15510-15529
Author(s):  
LAMINOU MANZO Ousmane ◽  
AMANI Abdou ◽  
DAN GUIMBO Iro ◽  
RACHIDI Abdou Harouna ◽  
MAHAMANE Ali
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Tree Plantation ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Land Site

Objectifs : Le département de Ouallam au Niger est soumis au phénomène de dégradation des terres. La présente étude, conduite sur le plateau dégradé de Sini Bangou dans la Commune de Simiri, a pour objectif d’évaluer l’efficacité du dispositif des banquettes anti-érosives sur l’amélioration de la couverture végétale et de la qualité du sol. Méthodologie et résultats : Le dispositif expérimental de collecte des données est un site de récupération des terres où des banquettes ont été réalisées, plantées et ensemencées. La méthodologie a consisté à une analyse diachronique de l’occupation du sol à l’aide des images Landsat, une analyse granulométrique, des tests d’infiltration de l’eau et des relevés phytosociologiques. Les résultats montrent une amélioration du couvert végétal de 17,24 ha, soit 11,50% de la superficie du site, l’apparition d’une végétation spontanée de 69 espèces dont 11 ligneuses appartenant à 7 familles et 58 herbacées réparties dans 15 familles dominées par la famille des Poaceae (31,88%) et les types biologiques Thérophytes (69,01%).Les espèces à distribution Soudano-Zambéziennes (33,21%)etSoudano-ZambéziennesSahariennes-Sindiennes(31,15%) sont les types phytogéographiques les plus dominants de la flore globale à l’échelle africaine. La vitesse de l’infiltration relativement lente enregistrée pendant les dix premières minutes (≤ 10 cm/mn), a progressé au rythme d’une moyenne de 1 cm/mn en profondeur pour s’arrêter au bout de 30 minutes au profit d’une infiltration latérale. L’épaisseur des dépôts de sédiments varie entre 9 et 15 cm selon les banquettes et la teneur en matière organique fluctuant entre 0,36 à 1,43%, quoique faible, reste plus importante au niveau des horizons de surface de 0-20 cm que ceux de profondeur 20-40 cm. Ces effets associés au caractère dominant sableux du sol ont permis l’amélioration de l’état structural et textural de ce dernier et l’augmentation de l’infiltration et du stockage de l’eau qui aurait résulté au développement quantitatif et qualitatif du couvert végétal. Laminou et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2020 Impacts des banquettes dans la récupération des terres dégradées au Niger 15511 Conclusion et application des résultats : Cette étude montre que les banquettes constituent une méthode efficace pour régénérer le capital productif d’un écosystème dégradé. Cependant, la pérennité des services écosystémiques de l’aménagement devrait être garantie par des modes de gestion rationnelle. Mots clés : Erosion hydrique, récupération, végétation, sol, infiltration, Niger Impacts of terraces in the degraded land reclamation in Niger ABSTRACT Objectives: The department of Ouallam in Niger is subject to land degradation. The study was conducted on the degraded area of Sini Bangou in the district of Simiri with the aim to assess the effectiveness of the anti-erosion terraces system on improving plant cover and soil quality. Methodology and results: Experimental data collection design was a degraded land site where terraces have been made with tree plantation and herbaceous seeds sown. The methodology consisted of a diachronic analysis of land use using Landsat images, a granulometric analysis, water infiltration tests and phytosociological surveys. Results show an improvement in the plant cover of 17.24 ha, or 11.50% of the site area, a spontaneous vegetation of 69 species made up of 11 woody ones belonging to 7 families and 58 herbaceous ones distributed into 15 families dominated by the family of Poaceae (31.88%) and the biological types of Therophytes (69.01%). Soudano-Zambezian (33.21%) and Soudano-ZambezianSaharan-Sindian (31.15%) species are the most dominant phytogeographic types of the overall flora on an african scale. The relatively slow infiltration speed recorded during the first ten minutes (≤ 10 cm / min), increased at the rate of an average of 1 cm / min in depth to stop after 30 minutes in favour of a lateral infiltration. Sediment deposits thickness varied between 9 and 15 cm depending on the terraces and the organic matter content fluctuating between 0.36 to 1.43%, although low, remains greater at the level of the surface horizons of 0-20 cm than those of 20-40 cm deep. These effects associated with the dominant sandy character of the soil allowed the structural and textural soil state improvement and the increase in the water infiltration and storage which would have resulted in the quantitative and qualitative development of the plant cover. Conclusion and application of findings: The study shows that terraces are an effective method for regenerating the productive capital of a degraded ecosystem. However, the sustainability of the ecosystem services of the treated area should be guaranteed by rational management methods. Keywords: Water erosion , reclamation, vegetation, soil, infiltration, Niger

Slope instabilities in differently vegetated recent volcanic deposits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabatino Cuomo ◽  
Mariagiovanna Moscariello ◽  
Valerie Baumann ◽  
Costanza Bonadonna
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Slope Instability ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Volcanic Deposits

<p>Vegetation has an important role on slope stability and erosion through hydrological and mechanical processes. Especially plants transpiration and roots uptake can preserve a large amount of matric suction during and after a rainfall event. Soils properties as the water infiltration rate, the moisture content, the organic matter content and the aggregate stability are affected by plants cover as well. The presence of vegetation and its effect on soil moisture also implies an increase of shear strength. Moreover, plants roots increase the tensile strength and the overall shear strength of the vegetated soils, because of their ability to sustain tension, and to occupy the space of soil pores. Trees and shrubs roots produce significant cohesion-like aliquots of strength into shallow soil deposits and increase subsurface drainage, impacting the pronenesse of shallow landslides. Thus, vegetation acts on most of the soil properties which control the slope instability.</p><p>Volcanic eruptions can drastically change hillslope hydrology by removing or burying the vegetation in large areas. Events of rainfall-induced slope instability and erosion in differently vegetated recent volcanic deposits are here investigated using a distributed physically-based numerical model. The model considers the effect of vegetation through an additional amount of cohesion due to plants roots, the leaf area index, the average height of plants, the storage capacity of plant cover. Several sets of parameters are considered, and the effect of differently aged vegetation covers on the stability recent volcanic deposits stability is analysed.</p>

scholarly journals Organic Matter Clogging Results in Undeveloped Hardpan and Soil Mineral Leakage in the Rice Terraces in the Philippine Cordilleras

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3158
Author(s):  
Tomoyo Kurozumi ◽  
Yasushi Mori ◽  
Hiroaki Somura ◽  
Milagros O-How
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Infiltration Process ◽  
Soil Nutrition

Rice terraces in Cordillera, Philippines, a world cultural heritage site, are threatened by the risk of collapse. It is crucial to manage these rice terraces for their conservation, while simultaneously practicing traditional farming. We examined the soil environment and investigated its effects on rice terrace conservation, by focusing on the hardpan condition; infiltration process, which is related to the collapse of rice terraces; and soil nutrition conditions in these sites. Field survey and soil analysis revealed that in areas where the hardpan was not sufficiently developed and water infiltration was effectively suppressed, organic matter content was significantly high, suggesting organic matter clogging. In these rice terraces, the amounts of P, K, Ca, and Mn were significantly low, showing the mineral leaching under reductive soil conditions. Therefore, hardpan formation, rather than organic matter clogging, is essential for the suppression of infiltration and prevention of potential terrace collapse. Because hardpan formation or organic matter clogging cannot be identified from the surface of flooded rice paddies, it is difficult to identify the influencing factor. Thus, we suggest that the hard soil layer should be checked before the planting season and drainage is allowed after the cropping season in the rainy season.

scholarly journals Influences of riverbed siltation on redox zonation during bank filtration: a case study of Liao River, Northeast China

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1478-1489
Author(s):  
Jiamei Wang ◽  
Yumeng Yan ◽  
Jing Bai ◽  
Xiaosi Su
Keyword(s):  
Pore Water ◽  
Redox Reactions ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Hydrodynamic Conditions ◽  
Floating Platform ◽  
Riverbed Sediment ◽  
A Site

Abstract The upper part of riverbed sediment is one of the key interfaces between surface water and groundwater, and biogeochemical process in this interface has a profound influence on the chemistry of infiltrated water. The lithology and permeability of bed sediment is mainly controlled by variation in river hydrodynamic conditions. However, there have been few studies of the effect of riverbed siltation on the hydrochemistry and redox reactions of infiltrated water due to the high variability in these processes and challenges associated with sampling. This study selected and examined a river channel near a site of riverbank filtration by drilling on the floating platform and conducting microelectrode testing and high-resolution sampling. The hydrodynamic and chemical characteristics of pore water in and lithologic characteristics of riverbed sediment, the siltation, and redox zone were examined and compared. Differences in hydrodynamic conditions changed the lithology of riverbed sediment, consequently affecting redox reactions during the process of river water infiltration. Variations in siltation changed the residence time of pore water and organic matter content, which ultimately resulted in differences in extension range and intensity of redox reactions. This study provides a valuable reference for understanding the effect of riverbed siltation on water quality of riverbank infiltration.

Measuring Soil Loss and Subsequent Nutrient and Organic Matter Loss on Farmland

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vito Ferro ◽  
Vincenzo Bagarello
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Rill Erosion

Field plots are often used to obtain experimental data (soil loss values corresponding to different climate, soil, topographic, crop, and management conditions) for predicting and evaluating soil erosion and sediment yield. Plots are used to study physical phenomena affecting soil detachment and transport, and their sizes are determined according to the experimental objectives and the type of data to be obtained. Studies on interrill erosion due to rainfall impact and overland flow need small plot width (2–3 m) and length (< 10 m), while studies on rill erosion require plot lengths greater than 6–13 m. Sites must be selected to represent the range of uniform slopes prevailing in the farming area under consideration. Plots equipped to study interrill and rill erosion, like those used for developing the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), measure erosion from the top of a slope where runoff begins; they must be wide enough to minimize the edge or border effects and long enough to develop downslope rills. Experimental stations generally include bounded runoff plots of known rea, slope steepness, slope length, and soil type, from which both runoff and soil loss can be monitored. Once the boundaries defining the plot area are fixed, a collecting equipment must be used to catch the plot runoff. A conveyance system (H-flume or pipe) carries total runoff to a unit sampling the sediment and a storage system, such as a sequence of tanks, in which sediments are accumulated. Simple methods have been developed for estimating the mean sediment concentration of all runoff stored in a tank by using the vertical concentration profile measured on a side of the tank. When a large number of plots are equipped, the sampling of suspension and consequent oven-drying in the laboratory are highly time-consuming. For this purpose, a sampler that can extract a column of suspension, extending from the free surface to the bottom of the tank, can be used. For large plots, or where runoff volumes are high, a divisor that splits the flow into equal parts and passes one part in a storage tank as a sample can be used. Examples of these devices include the Geib multislot divisor and the Coshocton wheel. Specific equipment and procedures must be employed to detect the soil removed by rill and gully erosion. Because most of the soil organic matter is found close to the soil surface, erosion significantly decreases soil organic matter content. Several studies have demonstrated that the soil removed by erosion is 1.3–5 times richer in organic matter than the remaining soil. Soil organic matter facilitates the formation of soil aggregates, increases soil porosity, and improves soil structure, facilitating water infiltration. The removal of organic matter content can influence soil infiltration, soil structure, and soil erodibility.

The influence of surfactant and organic matter content on wetting pattern of different non-water repellent soils

Soil Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 880
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Chaichi ◽  
Marcus Turcios ◽  
Mina Rostamza
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Wetted Area ◽  
Wetting Pattern

Non-ionic surfactants have been well researched as a tool to ameliorate water repellent conditions. However, few studies have evaluated the risks and benefits of non-ionic surfactant applications in wettable soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a surfactant in modifying the wetting pattern in soils of different textures and organic matter contents. The experimental treatments consisted of (1) four different soil textures including sandy, sandy loam, sandy clay loam and silt loam, (2) four different organic matter contents (0.2, 0.7, 1.2 and 1.7% by weight), and (3) irrigation water treatments with or without surfactant (IrrigAid Gold). The experiment was carried out in Plexiglas boxes with one drip emitter under the soil surface. The results demonstrated the superiority of surfactant application on increasing water distribution in the soil profile for all soil textural classes. Silt loam texture had the highest side wetted area and wetting depth 45min after the initiation of irrigation. Upward capillary water movement and top wetted area significantly decreased in the surfactant treatment across all soil textures except in sandy soil. As organic matter content increased, top wetted area decreased. These findings clarified the potential ability of surfactant in increasing water infiltration in non-repellent soil in an in vitro system.

scholarly journals Ecohydrological effectiveness of litter crusts in sandy ecosystem

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Zeng Cui ◽  
Ze Huang ◽  
Hai-Tao Miao ◽  
Gao-Lin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
High Water ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Desert Ecosystems ◽  
Positive Effects

Abstract. Litter crusts are integral components of the water budget in terrestrial ecosystems, especially in arid areas. This innovative study is to quantify the ecohydrological effectiveness of litter crusts in desert ecosystems. We focus on the positive effects of litter crusts on soil water holding capacity and water interception capacity compared with biocrusts. Litter crusts significantly increased soil organic matter, which was 2.4 times the content in biocrusts and 3.84 times the content in bare sandy lands. Higher organic matter content resulted in increased soil porosity and decreased soil bulk density. Meanwhile, soil organic matter can help to maintain maximum infiltration rates. Litter crusts significantly increased the water infiltration rate under high water supply. Our results suggested that litter crusts significantly improve soil properties, thereby influencing hydrological processes. Litter crusts play an important role in improving hydrological effectiveness and provide a microhabitat conducive to vegetation restoration in dry sandy ecosystem.

scholarly journals Modeling of Infiltration Characteristics by the Modified Kostiakov Method: A Case Study in Thuong River Alluvial Soil in Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-425
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Giang ◽  
Ngo Thi Dung ◽  
Nguyen Van Dung
Keyword(s):  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Available N ◽  
Characteristic Model ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Surface Horizon ◽  
Percentage Difference

The purpose of this study was to apply the modified Kostiakov method to determine the soil infiltration rate and permeated water amount of Thuong River alluvial soil for orange plantations in Lang Giang district, Bac Giang province, Vietnam. The soil particle size ranged from 0.02 to 2.00mm mainly found in the surface horizon (>77.7%). The soil was slightly acidic in the surface horizon, and highly acidic in the subsurface horizons (pHKCl from 3.42 to 4.79). The organic matter content of the surface horizon was mederate, while it was very low in the other horizons. The total nitrogen (N) content was low (0.15%) in the surface horizon and very low in the subsurface horizons (0.02-0.06%) while the available N was medium. The total phosphorus (P) content in the surface horizon was high (0.4%) and medium in the other horizons. Available P in the surface horizon was high (18.6mg per 100g soil) and decreased in lower depths to only 0.3mg per 100g soil in the deepest (5th) horizon. The total and available potassium measurements were very low. A filtration characteristic model was developed by using the modified Kostiakov method for alluvial soil. The constant values a, a, and b of the equation y = ata + b were 0.8035, 0.758, and 0.00346, respectively, which were smaller than 1. The average percentage difference between the actual and calculated values by the model was only 0.141%, indicating that the calculated values can accurately predict the actual data measurements in the field. 

scholarly journals Impacts de l’agriculture de conservation sur les propriétés et la productivité des vertisols du Maroc Central

Afrika Focus ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachid Moussadek
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Nutrient Pool

In Morocco, intensive agriculture with deep tillage and soil inversion caused rapid soil structure deterioration with loss of soil organic matter content. This practice leads to a decrease in soil fertility, a degradation of the soil physical properties and a reduction of crop yields in different soil types, such as Vertisols. In fact, Vertisols (or Tirs as vernacular name) are among the most productive soils in Morocco, but they are also susceptible to compaction and reduced water infiltration due to intensive tillage. No-tillage (NT) is commonly promoted as a management practice capable of offsetting soil carbon depletion, improving aggregation, enriching the soil nutrient pool and enhancing crop productivity in many parts of the world. However, the influence of the NT system as compared to the conventional tillage (CT) system on physical, chemical and hydrodynamic soil properties was not yet well studied in the semi-arid environment of Morocco where rainfall ranges from 350 to 600 mm. This research focused mainly on those parameters with important agronomical or environmental impact: bulk density (Db), soil strength assessed using cone index (CI), hydraulic conductivity (K), sorptivity (S), soil water potential (SWP), soil organic carbon content or stock (SOCc or SOCs), runoff, soil loss, soil CO2 emission and crop yield. 

scholarly journals Modeling of Infiltration Characteristics by the Modified Kostiakov Method: A Case Study in Thuong River Alluvial Soil in Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-425
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Giang ◽  
Ngo Thi Dung ◽  
Nguyen Van Dung
Keyword(s):  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Available N ◽  
Characteristic Model ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Surface Horizon ◽  
Percentage Difference

The purpose of this study was to apply the modified Kostiakov method to determine the soil infiltration rate and permeated water amount of Thuong River alluvial soil for orange plantations in Lang Giang district, Bac Giang province, Vietnam. The soil particle size ranged from 0.02 to 2.00mm mainly found in the surface horizon (>77.7%). The soil was slightly acidic in the surface horizon, and highly acidic in the subsurface horizons (pHKCl from 3.42 to 4.79). The organic matter content of the surface horizon was mederate, while it was very low in the other horizons. The total nitrogen (N) content was low (0.15%) in the surface horizon and very low in the subsurface horizons (0.02-0.06%) while the available N was medium. The total phosphorus (P) content in the surface horizon was high (0.4%) and medium in the other horizons. Available P in the surface horizon was high (18.6mg per 100g soil) and decreased in lower depths to only 0.3mg per 100g soil in the deepest (5th) horizon. The total and available potassium measurements were very low. A filtration characteristic model was developed by using the modified Kostiakov method for alluvial soil. The constant values a, a, and b of the equation y = ata + b were 0.8035, 0.758, and 0.00346, respectively, which were smaller than 1. The average percentage difference between the actual and calculated values by the model was only 0.141%, indicating that the calculated values can accurately predict the actual data measurements in the field. 

scholarly journals Quantitative Assessment of Land Cover Sensitivity to Desertification in Maigatari Local Government Area, Jigawa State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1509-1517
Author(s):  
A. Ahmed ◽  
S. Abba ◽  
F. Siriki ◽  
B. Maman
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Topographic Map

Desertification alludes to land degradation in arid, semi-arid and sub-humid regions resulting from various variables, counting climatic variations  and human activities. When land degradation transpire within the world’s drylands. It regularly makes desert-like conditions. Land degradation  occurs all over, but is characterized as desertification when it occurs within the drylands. The study employed adjusted MEDALUS methodology  using eleven indicators rainfall, evapotranspiration, aridity, soil texture, soil depth, slope gradient, drainage density, plant cover, erosion protection, sensitivity desertification index and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Remote Sensing and GIS were the main techniques used in the indices computations and mapping. Thus, Shuttle Rader Topographic Map (SRTM) and Landsat 8 satellite imagery for the year 2019 with 30 meter  resolution, captured in the month of August (rainy season), covering the study area were acquired from Global Land cover Facility (GLCF) University of Maryland. The study finds that the duration and intensity of rainfall is declining especially at the edge of the desert, extreme north and western part of the area. Rain quickly drained through infiltration and surface runoff which carried the little nutrients attached to the soil. Rainfall and  climate is of arid type recording about 300-400mm of rainfall and the soil is low in organic matter content making it weak and less fertile and support only the cultivation of cereals and legumes. The study recommends that there is need to strengthen the laws and policies in controlling  desertification and land degradation, establishment of shelterbelts to control desertification and act also as wind breakers and encourage the use of  modern techniques such as drip irrigation to check the rate of infiltration and runoff. Keyword: Desertification; Sensitivity; MEDALUS; GIS; Maigatari

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