scholarly journals Estimation of Glucose Levels in Blood Sample using A Biosensor

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 127-130
Author(s):  
G Manmadha Rao ◽  
Gade Chaitanya Prasad* ◽  
Pavani K. ◽  
S Lakshaman Rao ◽  
B Prasanna Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Microstrip Antenna ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Debye Model ◽  
Complementary Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
5 Ghz

This paper discusses about estimation of glucose concentration in blood using a Triple pole Complementary split ring resonator (TP-CSRR) antenna. Glucose concentration in blood is the direct indicator of Diabetes disease. The designed microstrip antenna operates in range of 2-5 Ghz and has a resonance frequency of 3.35 Ghz when simulated. When the antenna is excited, blood acts as dielectric load to it. Hence the glucose concentration of blood affects the resonant frequency and amplitude at resonant frequency of the s21 parameter of the antenna. Using this information, we can estimate the glucose concentration of blood sample. Debye model was used to model the blood. It is effective in detecting glucose concentration of Type-2 diabetes (70-120 mg/dL). The amplitude sensitivity is 0.58 dB(mg/ml) and frequency sensitivity is 583 Mhz/(mg/ml).

scholarly journals Complex Permittivity Characterization of Liquid Samples Based on a Split Ring Resonator (SRR)

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3385
Author(s):  
Jialu Ma ◽  
Jingchao Tang ◽  
Kaicheng Wang ◽  
Lianghao Guo ◽  
Yubin Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Complex Permittivity ◽  
Ring Resonator ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Debye Model ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Liquid Samples ◽  
Microwave Sensor

A complex permittivity characterization method for liquid samples has been proposed. The measurement is carried out based on a self-designed microwave sensor with a split ring resonator (SRR), the unload resonant frequency of which is 5.05 GHz. The liquid samples in capillary are placed in the resonant zone of the fabricated senor for high sensitivity measurement. The frequency shift of 58.7 MHz is achieved when the capillary is filled with ethanol, corresponding a sensitivity of 97.46 MHz/μL. The complex permittivity of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol (IPA) and deionized water at the resonant frequency are measured and calibrated by the first order Debye model. Then, the complex permittivity of different concentrations of aqueous solutions of these materials are measured by using the calibrated sensor system. The results show that the proposed sensor has high sensitivity and accuracy in measuring the complex permittivity of liquid samples with volumes as small as 0.13 μL. It provides a useful reference for the complex permittivity characterization of small amount of liquid chemical samples. In addition, the characterization of an important biological sample (inositol) is carried out by using the proposed sensor.

scholarly journals RFID-Based Microwave Biosensor for Non-Contact Detection of Glucose Solution

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 480
Author(s):  
Minjia Gao ◽  
Tian Qiang ◽  
Yangchuan Ma ◽  
Junge Liang ◽  
Yanfeng Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Response Measurement ◽  
Contact Measurement ◽  
Complementary Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
The Relationship

Due to the increasing number of diabetic patients, early monitoring of glucose levels is particularly important; therefore, glucose biosensors have attracted enormous attention from researchers. In this paper, we propose a glucose microwave biosensor based on RFID and achieve a non-contact measurement of the concentration of glucose solutions. The Reader is a complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR), and the Tag is comprised of a squared spiral capacitor (SSC). A polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic quantitative cavity with a volume of 1.56 μL is integrated on the Tag to ensure that the glucose solution can be accurately set to the sensitive area and fully contacted with the electromagnetic flux. Because the SSC exhibits different capacitances when it contacts glucose solutions of different concentrations, changing the resonant frequency of the CSRR, we can use the relationship to characterize the biosensing response. Measurement results show that bare CSRR and RFID-based biosensors have achieved sensitivities of 0.31 MHz/mg·dL−1 and 10.27 kHz/mg·dL−1, and detection limits of 13.79 mg/dL and 1.19 mg/dL, respectively, and both realize a response time of less than 1 s. Linear regression analysis of the abovementioned biosensors showed an excellent linear relationship. The proposed design provides a feasible solution for microwave biosensors aiming for the non-contact measurement of glucose concentration.

Complementary split ring resonator-based microstrip antenna for compact wireless applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 814-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Laila ◽  
R. Sujith ◽  
V.A. Shameena ◽  
C.M. Nijas ◽  
V.P. Sarin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microstrip Antenna ◽  
Ring Resonator ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Complementary Split Ring Resonator

scholarly journals A MINIATURIZATION OF MICROSTRIP ANTENNA USING NEGATIVE PERMITIVITY METAMATERIAL BASED ON CSRR-LOADED GROUNDFOR WLAN APPLICATIONS

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phan Duy Tung ◽  
Phan Huu Lam ◽  
Nguyen Thi Quynh Hoa
Keyword(s):  
Microstrip Antenna ◽  
Ring Resonator ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Negative Index ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Complementary Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Metamaterial Antenna ◽  
Antenna Characteristics

A microstrip antenna using negative index metamaterial based on complementary split ring resonator (CSRR)-loaded ground has been investigated in order to miniaturize the size and improve the antenna characteristics. The proposed antennas are designed on FR4 material and simulated results are provided by HFSS software. The metamaterial antenna was reduced 75 % the overall size compared to the normal microstrip antenna. Furthermore, compared with the normal microstrip antenna, the antenna characteristics of the metamaterial antenna were improved significantly.  The proposed metamaterial antenna exhibited the antenna resonate at 2.45 GHz, the gain of higher than 6.5 dB and the bandwidth of 110 MHz through the whole WLAN band.  The obtained results indicated that the proposed antenna is a good candidate for WLAN applications.

scholarly journals Shield Optimization and Formulation of Regression Equations for Split-Ring Resonator

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahir Ejaz ◽  
Hamood Ur Rahman ◽  
T. Tauqeer ◽  
Adnan Masood ◽  
Tahir Zaidi
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Quality Factor ◽  
Ring Resonator ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Ring Resonators ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Optimum Result ◽  
5 Ghz

Microwave resonators are widely used for numerous applications including communication, biomedical and chemical applications, material testing, and food grading. Split-ring resonators in both planar and nonplanar forms are a simple structure which has been in use for several decades. This type of resonator is characterized with low cost, ease of fabrication, moderate quality factor, low external noise interference, high stability, and so forth. Due to these attractive features and ease in handling, nonplanar form of structure has been utilized for material characterization in 1–5 GHz range. Resonant frequency and quality factor are two important parameters for determination of material properties utilizing perturbation theory. Shield made of conducting material is utilized to enclose split-ring resonator which enhances quality factor. This work presents a novel technique to develop shield around a predesigned nonplanar split-ring resonator to yield optimized quality factor. Based on this technique and statistical analysis regression equations have also been formulated for resonant frequency and quality factor which is a major outcome of this work. These equations quantify dependence of output parameters on various factors of shield made of different materials. Such analysis is instrumental in development of devices/designs where improved/optimum result is required.

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of Patch Antenna for C, X, Ku Band Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shantha Selvakumari R ◽  
Vishnoo Priyaa P
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Ring Resonator ◽  
Surface Current ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Complementary Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Radar Applications

Abstract This paper presents the design and simulation of patch antenna loaded with metamaterial called Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR) with increased gain and bandwidth suitable for wireless applications such as satellite, TV and radar applications. FR4 substrate with dielectric constant (εr ) of 4.4 is used. The radiating patch consists of CSRR structure fed by microstrip line to achieve triple(C, X, Ku ) band characteristics. The proposed antenna is designed and simulated using Ansys High Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS). The proposed antenna with 4 rings having a resonant frequency of 7.662, 9.8510, 10.9455, 11.8410, 12.7365 and 13.7315GHz and the bandwidth of 230, 1090, 640, 580, 620 and 2000MHz respectively. The proposed antenna with 6 rings also having a resonant frequency of 7.7615, 9.9525, 11.0450, 11.9405 and13.7315GHz and bandwidth of 160, 1130, 490, 1360 and 1480MHz are achieved. The proposed antenna is analyzed in terms of return loss, VSWR, gain and bandwidth. The electric field and surface current distribution were observed for the proposed antenna having 6 rings.

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