scholarly journals RFID-Based Microwave Biosensor for Non-Contact Detection of Glucose Solution

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 480
Author(s):  
Minjia Gao ◽  
Tian Qiang ◽  
Yangchuan Ma ◽  
Junge Liang ◽  
Yanfeng Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Response Measurement ◽  
Contact Measurement ◽  
Complementary Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
The Relationship

Due to the increasing number of diabetic patients, early monitoring of glucose levels is particularly important; therefore, glucose biosensors have attracted enormous attention from researchers. In this paper, we propose a glucose microwave biosensor based on RFID and achieve a non-contact measurement of the concentration of glucose solutions. The Reader is a complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR), and the Tag is comprised of a squared spiral capacitor (SSC). A polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic quantitative cavity with a volume of 1.56 μL is integrated on the Tag to ensure that the glucose solution can be accurately set to the sensitive area and fully contacted with the electromagnetic flux. Because the SSC exhibits different capacitances when it contacts glucose solutions of different concentrations, changing the resonant frequency of the CSRR, we can use the relationship to characterize the biosensing response. Measurement results show that bare CSRR and RFID-based biosensors have achieved sensitivities of 0.31 MHz/mg·dL−1 and 10.27 kHz/mg·dL−1, and detection limits of 13.79 mg/dL and 1.19 mg/dL, respectively, and both realize a response time of less than 1 s. Linear regression analysis of the abovementioned biosensors showed an excellent linear relationship. The proposed design provides a feasible solution for microwave biosensors aiming for the non-contact measurement of glucose concentration.

Investigating the Efficacy of Using Hand Tremors for Early Detection of Hypoglycemic Events: A Scoping Literature Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1211-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Zahed ◽  
Farzan Sasangohar ◽  
Ranjana Mehta ◽  
Madhav Erraguntla ◽  
Mark Lawley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Medium Frequency ◽  
Hand Tremor ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Scoping Literature Review ◽  
Continuous Glucose Monitors ◽  
The Relationship

Diabetes is a prevalent condition affecting millions of patients globally. Some diabetic patients suffer from a deadly condition called Hypoglycemia (sudden drop in blood glucose levels). Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGMs) have been the most pervasive tool used to track blood glucose levels but these tools are invasive and costly. While early detection of hypoglycemia has been studied, current approaches do not leverage tremors; which are a primary symptom of hypoglycemia. A scoping review was conducted to understand the relationship between tremors and hypoglycemia, and to document any efforts that utilized tremor signatures non-invasively to detect hypoglycemic events. Findings suggest that hypoglycemic tremors are a medium frequency tremor, more resistant to hypoglycemic impairment than other symptoms, and have not been fully explored yet. This paper also documents the work in progress to utilize a novel wearable device that predicts the onsets of hypoglycemia using hand tremor sensing.

scholarly journals Estimation of Glucose Levels in Blood Sample using A Biosensor

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 127-130
Author(s):  
G Manmadha Rao ◽  
Gade Chaitanya Prasad* ◽  
Pavani K. ◽  
S Lakshaman Rao ◽  
B Prasanna Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Microstrip Antenna ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Debye Model ◽  
Complementary Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
5 Ghz

This paper discusses about estimation of glucose concentration in blood using a Triple pole Complementary split ring resonator (TP-CSRR) antenna. Glucose concentration in blood is the direct indicator of Diabetes disease. The designed microstrip antenna operates in range of 2-5 Ghz and has a resonance frequency of 3.35 Ghz when simulated. When the antenna is excited, blood acts as dielectric load to it. Hence the glucose concentration of blood affects the resonant frequency and amplitude at resonant frequency of the s21 parameter of the antenna. Using this information, we can estimate the glucose concentration of blood sample. Debye model was used to model the blood. It is effective in detecting glucose concentration of Type-2 diabetes (70-120 mg/dL). The amplitude sensitivity is 0.58 dB(mg/ml) and frequency sensitivity is 583 Mhz/(mg/ml).

Comparison of Glycated Albumin and Hemoglobin A1cConcentrations in Diabetic Subjects on Peritoneal and Hemodialysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry I. Freedman ◽  
Rajeev N. Shenoy ◽  
Jonathan A. Planer ◽  
Kimberly D. Clay ◽  
Zak K. Shihabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Glycated Albumin ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundRelative to hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c), percentage of glycated albumin (GA%) more accurately reflects recent glycemic control in diabetic hemodialysis (HD) patients.MethodsTo determine the accuracy of glycemic assays in a larger sample including patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD), HbA1cand GA% were measured in 519 diabetic subjects: 55 on PD, 415 on HD, and 49 non-nephropathy controls.ResultsMean ± SD serum glucose levels were higher in HD and PD patients relative to non-nephropathy controls (HD 169.7 ± 62 mg/dL, PD 168.6 ± 66 mg/dL, controls 146.1 ± 66 mg/dL; p = 0.03 HD vs controls, p = 0.13 PD vs controls). GA% was also higher in HD and PD patients (HD 20.6% ± 8.0%, PD 19.0% ± 5.7%, controls 15.7% ± 7.7%; p < 0.02 HD vs controls and PD vs controls). HbA1cwas paradoxically lower in dialysis patients (HD 6.78% ± 1.6%, PD 6.87% ± 1.4%, controls 7.3% ± 1.4%; p = 0.03 HD vs controls, p = 0.12 PD vs controls). The serum glucose/HbA1cratio differed significantly between dialysis patients and controls ( p < 0.0001 HD vs controls, p = 0.002 PD vs controls), while serum glucose/GA% ratio was similar across groups ( p = 0.96 HD vs controls, p = 0.64 PD vs controls). In best-fit multivariate models with HbA1cor GA% as outcome variable, dialysis status was a significant predictor of HbA1cbut not GA%.ConclusionsThe relationship between HbA1cand GA% differs in diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease who perform either PD or HD compared to those without nephropathy. HbA1csignificantly underestimates glycemic control in peritoneal and hemodialysis patients relative to GA%.

scholarly journals Atherosclerotic disease and diabetes mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Malyn Martha Lilac Ketisha Antoine ◽  
Yancheng Xu ◽  
Dodji Kossi Djakpo
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Enzymatic Glycosylation

The macro-vascular complications (cardiovascular, neurovascular and peripheral vascular diseases) observed in diabetic patients usually develop secondary to the presence of atherosclerotic diseases. In diabetic patients chronically elevated blood glucose levels play a major role in contributing to the development of the disease; however, in addition to hyperglycaemia, other factors such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia and obesity also contribute to the development of this condition. Despite the fact that further research is required to fully establish the relationship between hyperglycaemia and the development of atherosclerotic plaques in diabetic patients, three major pathways have already been identified for the role they play in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. These pathways are identified as follows: 1. non-enzymatic glycosylation of lipids and proteins 2. oxidative stress 3.Protein kinase C. This review discusses how hyperglycaemia influences the development of atherosclerosis which further leads to the development of major vascular complications in diabetic patients. 

scholarly journals Glycated Hemoglobin Value Combined with Initial Glucose Levels for Evaluating Mortality Risk in Patients with Ischemic Stroke

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 244-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaume Roquer ◽  
Eva Giralt-Steinhauer ◽  
Georgina Cerdà ◽  
Ana Rodríguez-Campello ◽  
Elisa Cuadrado-Godia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Mortality Prediction ◽  
Glucose Measurement ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Stroke Severity ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Poor Outcome ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Hyperglycemia is a marker of poor outcome in acute ischemic stroke (IS) patients. We aimed at evaluating the effect of combined HbA1c and first glucose measurement values on 3-month mortality prediction. Methods: In a prospective analysis, 1,317 first-ever IS patients with HbA1c values were classified by first glycemia value (<155, 155-199, ≥200 mg/dl). Three-month mortality was analyzed by glycemia category in nondiabetics, diabetics with good previous glucose control (PGC) (HbA1c <7%), and diabetics with poor PGC (HbA1c ≥7.0%). Results: Mortality at 3 months was 13.1%, with no differences (p = 0.339) between non-diabetes mellitus (DM) (12.3%), good PGC-DM (12.4%), and poor PGC-DM (15.6%) patients. The unadjusted relative risk of 3-month mortality for patients with glucose ≥200 mg/dl was 3.76 (95% CI 1.48-9.56) in non-DM, 6.10 (95% CI 1.76-21.09) in good PGC-DM, and 1.44 (95% CI 0.77-2.69) in poor PGC-DM. Glycemia cutoffs most highly correlated with mortality increased as PGC declined: 107 mg/dl in non-DM, 152 mg/dl in good PGC-DM, and 229 mg/dl in poor PGC-DM patients. Glycemia correlated with stroke severity in nondiabetics and diabetic patients with good PGC, but not in those with poor PGC. Conclusions: HbA1c determination combined with first measured glucose value is useful to stratify mortality risk in IS patients: hyperglycemia is a poor prognostic marker in non-DM and DM patients with good PGC; results are inconsistent in poor PGC-DM patients. Our data suggest the relationship between hyperglycemia and poor outcome reflects stress response rather than a deleterious effect of glucose.

scholarly journals Association between Glucose Levels and Intraocular Pressure: Pre- and Postprandial Analysis in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Guilherme Milesi Pimentel ◽  
Carolina P. B. Gracitelli ◽  
Leticia Sant’Ana Cardoso da Silva ◽  
Aline Katia Siqueira Souza ◽  
Tiago Santos Prata
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Glucose Testing ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Capillary Glucose ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between glucose levels and intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuation in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Seventeen nondiabetic and 20 diabetic subjects underwent a complete ophthalmic examination, capillary glucose testing, and applanation tonometry in two distinct situations: first, fasting for at least 8 hours and, second, postprandial measurements. Baseline glucose levels were higher in diabetic patients (P<0.001). Postprandial IOP was significantly higher than baseline IOP in diabetic (P<0.001) and nondiabetic patients (P=0.006). Postprandial glucose levels were significantly higher than baseline measurements in both diabetic (P=0.005) and nondiabetic patients (P=0.015). There was a significant association between glucose levels variation and IOP change in both diabetic patients (R2=0.540;P<0.001) and nondiabetic individuals (R2=0.291;P=0.025). There is also a significant association between the baseline glucose levels and IOP change in diabetic group (R2=0.445;P=0.001). In a multivariable model, the magnitude of glucose level change remained significantly associated with IOP variation even including age, baseline IOP, ancestry, and gender as a confounding factor (P<0.001). We concluded that there is a significant association between blood glucose levels and IOP variation, especially in diabetic patients.

scholarly journals Estimation of Average Blood Glucose Values Based on Fructosamine Values

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Jesuino de Oliveira Andrade ◽  
Alcina Maria Vinhaes Bittencourt ◽  
Luiz Felipe Moreno de Brito ◽  
Luis Matos de Oliveira ◽  
Gabriela Correia Matos de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Lower Case ◽  
Capillary Glucose ◽  
Average Blood Glucose ◽  
Average Glucose

Introduction: The fructosamine is originated of the glycation of plasmatic proteins, especially albumin, in addition to immunoglobulins and proteins diverse. It constitutes an alternative biomarker of glycemic control when glycated hemoglobin is not indicated for this purpose. Objective: To define the mathematical relationship between fructosamine and average glucose values. Method: The study comprised the laboratorial data collected of 1227 diabetic subjects (type 1 and type 2). Fructosamine levels obtained at the end of three weeks and measured were compared with the average glucose levels of the three previous weeks. The average glucose levels were determined by the weighted mean of the daily fasting capillary glucose results performed during the study period, and the plasma glucose taken at the time of the fructosamine. Results: A total of 9,450 glucoses were performed. Linear regression analysis between the fructosamine and average glucose levels showed that each increase of 1.0 lower case Greek mumol/L in fructosamine increase 0.5mg/dL in the average glucose levels as evidenced in the equation forward: Average glucose levels = 0.5157 x Fructosamine - 20. According to the coefficient of determination (r2 = 0.353492, P < 0.006881), making it possible to calculate the estimated average glucose according to the frutosamine values. Conclusion: Fructosamine levels can be expressed as average glucose levels for assessing the metabolic control of diabetic patients.

Glycosylated Hemoglobins and Diabetic Control Assessment

1981 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Torre ◽  
David H. Schofield ◽  
Robert A. Mangione ◽  
Alain Boisvert
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Emotional Stress ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
The Relationship

The historical development, biosynthesis, analysis, interpretation, and utilization of glycosylated hemoglobin determinations (HbA1 or HbA1c alone) are presented. The relationship between glycosylated hemoglobin determinations and assessment of diabetic control is discussed. HbA1 and HbA1c levels are elevated approximately twofold in diabetic patients. A correlation exists between abnormal fluctuations in blood glucose levels and HbA1 concentrations. The results of glycosylated hemoglobin determinations are not influenced by recent meals, physical activity, emotional stress, or inherited abnormalities. Although glycosylated hemoglobin determinations are subject to fewer variables than blood and urine glucose assessments, the clinician must be aware of the indications and limitations for their use. These indications and limitations are discussed.

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