scholarly journals The Electricity Meter

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Recca Maurizio ◽  
Tasca Marzia
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Similar Case ◽  
High Court ◽  
Billing System ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The Subject

The electricity meter installed in all household utilities is the instrument used to measure the electricity consumed by users. The energy consumed is displayed on the screen in each instrument. In addition to performing the measuring function it is also used for sending the power consumption data remotely, for the subsequent issuance of the energy bill. This latter function of the electricity meter (sending data remotely) creates many problems of both technical and legal nature as the consumption shown in the display are not considered in the process of setting energy bills. These problems affect public faith and the presence of estimated data in the bill is an indicator of unreliability of the billing system. The subject is dealt with the support of the decision of the supreme judges of the European High Court in a similar case and a solution to this legal vacuum is proposed.

scholarly journals Privacy-Preserving Electricity Billing System Using Functional Encryption

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1237
Author(s):  
Jong-Hyuk Im ◽  
Hee-Yong Kwon ◽  
Seong-Yun Jeon ◽  
Mun-Kyu Lee
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Privacy Preserving ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Functional Encryption ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Billing System ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
High Resolution Power

The development of smart meters that can frequently measure and report power consumption has enabledelectricity providers to offer various time-varying rates, including time-of-use and real-time pricing plans. High-resolution power consumption data, however, raise serious privacy concerns because sensitive information regarding an individual’s lifestyle can be revealed by analyzing these data. Although extensive research has been conducted to address these privacy concerns, previous approaches have reduced the quality of measured data. In this paper, we propose a new privacy-preserving electricity billing method that does not sacrifice data quality for privacy. The proposed method is based on the novel use of functional encryption. Experimental results on a prototype system using a real-world smart meter device and data prove the feasibility of the proposed method.

CONCEPT AND CONTENT OF A RECONCILIATION AGREEMENT IN THE CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS OF UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariia Sirotkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Criminal Procedure Law ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

The article is turned out to a scientific search for the concept of "a reconciliation agreement between the victim and the suspect or accused" through the study of the essence of reconciliation and role in criminal proceedings thereof. The author notes that criminal procedural law (until 2012) had been proclaimed another approach to reconciliation between victim and suspect, not involved a dispute procedure as a conflict, the result of which can be reached by compromise and understanding through reconciliation. It is stated that one of the ways to resolve the legal conflict in committing a criminal offense was the opportunity to reach a compromise between the victim and the suspect (the accused) by concluding a reconciliation agreement between them, provided by the Code of Сriminal Procedure of Ukraine (2012). The main attention is placed on the shortcoming of the domestic criminal procedure law which is the lack of the concept of "a reconciliation agreement between the victim and the suspect or the accused", which can be eliminated only through examining the essence or legal nature of reconciliation in criminal proceedings. Taking into consideration the current legislation and modern views on the institution of reconciliation in criminal proceedings, the author's definition of the concept of "a reconciliation agreement" is proposed. Thus, “The conciliation agreement is an agreement in criminal proceedings concluded between the victim and the suspect or the accused person on their own initiative in relation to crimes of minor or medium gravity and in criminal proceedings in the form of private prosecution, the subject of which is the compensation of harm caused by wrongdoing or committing other actions not related to compensation for the damage that the suspect or the accused is obliged to commit in favor of the victim, in exchange for an agreed punishment and sentencing thereof or sentencing thereof and relief from serving a sentence with probation, as well as the statutory consequences of conclusion and approval of the agreement".

scholarly journals Goals and measures for analyzing power consumption data in manufacturing enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-82
Author(s):  
Sören Henning ◽  
Wilhelm Hasselbring ◽  
Heinz Burmester ◽  
Armin Möbius ◽  
Maik Wojcieszak
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Analyzing Power

AbstractThe Internet of Things adoption in the manufacturing industry allows enterprises to monitor their electrical power consumption in real time and at machine level. In this paper, we follow up on such emerging opportunities for data acquisition and show that analyzing power consumption in manufacturing enterprises can serve a variety of purposes. In two industrial pilot cases, we discuss how analyzing power consumption data can serve the goals reporting, optimization, fault detection, and predictive maintenance. Accompanied by a literature review, we propose to implement the measures real-time data processing, multi-level monitoring, temporal aggregation, correlation, anomaly detection, forecasting, visualization, and alerting in software to tackle these goals. In a pilot implementation of a power consumption analytics platform, we show how our proposed measures can be implemented with a microservice-based architecture, stream processing techniques, and the fog computing paradigm. We provide the implementations as open source as well as a public show case allowing to reproduce and extend our research.

Audientia sacerdotalis?—Remarks on the Legal Nature of Dispute Resolution by Ecclesiastics in Late Antiquity

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-149
Author(s):  
Marzena Wojtczak
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lower Rank ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The Subject

Abstract The problem of audientia episcopalis in late antiquity has been the subject of extensive research in the past. Previous studies have usually focussed on the legal doctrine, as well as the picture of bishop courts in the light of the literary sources. In contrast, the question of how audientia episcopalis functioned in the legal practice as shown by papyri has caused scholars much difficulty, due to the limited material available as well as the obscure nature of the institution. One could therefore ask: how is it possible that such allegedly common practice of dispute resolution by the bishops—as literary sources make us believe—is so elusive in the papyri? How to explain the simultaneous increase for that period of the papyrological attestations regarding arbitration/mediation carried out by the clergy of lower rank? Could we be dealing with some sort of audientia sacerdotalis functioning in the legal practice? How widespread was in fact the audientia episcopalis, and was this institution homogeneous or rather heterogeneous in nature? The paper presents the attempt to answer these questions by confronting the imperial law with the evidence of legal practice.

Research on the Visualization of Living Conditions from the Power Consumption Data using the ECHONET Lite Standard

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Sakai ◽  
Ryuta Imanishi ◽  
Shouma Yasuda ◽  
Hiroshi Sugimura ◽  
Masao Isshiki
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Consumption Data
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