A global system for mobile communications-based electrical power consumption for a non-contact smart billing system

<span>This paper proposes a cheap solution to be a starting point for building smart electrical power billing systems. Electrical power has many challenges issues in Iraq, one of these challenges and the most important is the Billing system. The smart power meter uses an Arduino Uno as the core for controlling the sensed data and transmits it to the electrical power unit for billing services. The system is constructed with two parts: the transmitting unit measures the current, voltage, power and power factor through the compact new sensor PZEM-004T. The data sensed and processed by the microcontroller which displayed the KWh on (2*16 LCD) display. This data also transmitted to the electrical power company unit via the global system for mobile communications (GSM) module (SIM900A) which is a dual band GSM/GPRS-</span><span>general packet radio service</span><span> modem. The receiving part is mainly dedicated for collecting the required consumed power data via the same (SIM900A) module and also can display it using (2*16 LCD) display. For the sake of saving these data, the receiver part uses SD ram for such purposes. With such proposed system the electrical power company can control and collect their fees monthly without loss and with minimum cost.</span>

RFID-Based Automated Supermarket Self-Billing System

Supermarkets are large retail stores operated on a self-service basis. They sell a range of goods from agricultural produce to electronics with tagged prices. They are coupled with numerous advantages like supporting advanced means of payment like cheques, credit cards, smart store electronic cards and mobile money, offering transportation incentives and discounts. The study aimed at coming up with an RFID-Based billing system through automation. The methods and materials used included document reviews, observational experiments, system design, implementation and testing based on current situations in the supermarket business. Findings showed that there are several weaknesses with the existing systems and the new system could ably uphold the time resource, efficiency improvement of both workers and customers, and it is secure, cost-effective, and time-saving especially from queues. The widely implemented system can improve the revenue gap and possibly rejuvenate the national or international economy to a large extent.

An Analytical Review of Existing Supermarket Billing Systems

Retail shops and stores form part of the nation’s business sector involved in selling and providing several goods and services. The main objective was to study and analyse existing supermarket billing systems and possibly identify their weaknesses and strengths. This will enable us to generate an RFID billing system that is unique and even more advantageous than the existing systems. The methodology used was qualitative involving hard and soft document reviews and observational experiments. Findings revealed that there are several billing systems which include the manual price tag system where a mini-computer (calculator) is used to sum up the total bill per customer at a time, the barcode reader system, the smart chart with store cards, and the ‘smart shopping cart. It was noted that these have the advantage of giving confidence all the items are counted, paid for, save time and are cheap to use. However, they are also associated with several weaknesses like long waiting time (queues), the systems require a lot of human effort to read the barcodes which is not efficient, barcode systems sometimes fail to read, possible human errors while entering information, possible cheating through wrongly-fed information and the desynchronization effects because of the unreliable network. This was an awareness drive about the existing supermarket billing systems in order to enhance further studies on better ones

Public Awareness Towards Value Added Tax (VAT) System in Hetauda Sub-metropolitan City Area

Value added tax (VAT) is indirect sources of revenue collection of nation. It has been the most essential choice like our developing countries, Nepal. Which leads to revenue enhancement and sustainable economic development. As VAT was an emerging concept in Nepal, a comprehensive taxpayer education program was launched to impart knowledge regarding the various aspects of VAT to parliamentarians, industrialists, businessmen, consumers as well related society. The study used descriptive and survey research design. Data were collected through questionnaires. Statistical tools were used to make a proper analysis. It is found that 20% businessmen and 33.33% consumers are not aware that the Government of Nepal is levying VAT on all kind of products, 36% consumers are not aware of the fact that you pay VAT whenever you purchase any product, 88 % of the total respondents knowledge on earning from VAT is a major source of revenue for Government, only 44 % response of respondents are in favor of billing system, 33.33% consumer are not aware about existing rate of VAT in Nepal, 44% consumers specify the other problem in the present VAT implementation except VAT collection ,VAT refund and registration. Most of them ask for tax invoice to get the authenticity of sellers. VAT must be successful and this largely depends upon the public awareness, honesty, faith and morality of tax officials and the business community. There is a need for willpower and action. It is also found that public awareness program and tax education play prime role to increase the VAT revenue in Nepal. The finding of this study is majority of Tax expert and businessmen are aware about VAT system but the training and awareness program is essential.

Dampak Kebijakan Billing System Penebusan Pupuk Subsidi di Provinsi Lampung

Billing System Penebusan Pupuk dapat dianggap sebagai kebijakan dan/atau terobosan baru dalam sistem distribusi pupuk subsidi di Provinsi Lampung. Walaupun mempunyai potensi untuk mengatasi permasalahan penyaluran pupuk subsidi, dampak aktual kebijakan tersebut belum dikaji secara ilmiah, terutama di tingkat petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan (1) bagaimanakah dampak Kebijakan Billing System pada kuantitas penggunaan dan harga pupuk subsidi di tingkat petani? dan (2) bagaimanakah dampak Kebijakan Billing System pada produksi padi petani? Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juni 2020 sampai dengan Februari 2021. Total responden berjumlah 314 orang petani padi yang disurvei secara acak sistematis di Kabupaten Lampung Timur, Kabupaten Lampung Selatan, dan di Kota Metro. Evaluasi dampak dilakukan dengan teknik Propensity Score Matching (PSM) yaitu metode kuantitatif yang kredibel untuk mengoreksi bias seleksi dan bias variabel-variabel lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Billing System secara signifikan meningkatkan penggunaan rata-rata Pupuk Urea dan menurunkan harga rata-rata harga Pupuk Urea dan SP36 di tingkat kelompok tani. Namun, Billing System belum berdampak signifikan pada rata-rata produksi padi petani. Salah satu implikasi temuan penelitian adalah Billing System memiliki berpotensi mengatasi masalah distribusi pupuk subsidi di Lampung, namun peningkatan kapasitas kelembagaan petani masih sangat diperlukan.

Internet Cafe Billing System Data Security Using RC4 Stream Cipher

In data communication, against a data security method known as cryptography (Cryptography). Cryptography is a data security method that can be used to maintain data confidentiality, data authenticity or integrity, and the authenticity of the sender. This method is intended so that important information of a limited or confidential nature sent through public telecommunications facilities cannot be known or utilized by unauthorized parties. In this case, data security is also needed at the internet cafe (internet cafe). Warnet which is a place that provides Interconnection Networking that connects computers to form a network system that covers the whole world (global). Each cafe requires a billing system that is used to determine the state of the user in using the facilities at the cafe, starting from how long it takes to use and how much it costs each user. For this reason, so that the data on the billing system cannot be manipulated or modified by unauthorized persons, it is necessary to secure data. The data security method that will be used is cryptography, especially by using the RC4 stream cipher.

IoT Based Smart Shopping Cart

Physically challenged and senior citizens find it difficult to push heavily loaded carts around the supermarket. To combat this, we have implemented an autonomous shopping cart that supersedes the existing shopping trolley. This autonomous cart can manoeuvre around without the need of pushing it by using multiple ultrasonic sensors. To avoid long queues at the billing counters and also to reduce the workload of the employees at the supermarket, we have implemented a billing system. Scanning is incorporated in the cart itself, thus reducing the time wasted by customers at the billing counter. This billing system uses RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) to scan products. Products scanned in the cart are sent to the computers installed in the supermarket using a Wi-Fi module. The Automated Shopping Cart thereby eases the shopping experience of customers and reduces the manpower employed in supermarkets. The significant benefit of using an automated cart is that customers can move swiftly through the cash counter and check out independently. Keywords: Smart Cart, RFID, Arduino, Billing System, Autonomous Drive System