scholarly journals Evaluation of Neuropathic Pain in a Rat Model of Total Brachial Plexus Avulsion from Behavior to Brain Metabolism

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (22;3) ◽  
pp. E215-E224
Author(s):  
Jian-Guang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Small Animal Pet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Brachial Plexus Avulsion ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
The Right ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Approximately 30% to 80% of patients with brachial plexus avulsion (BPA) developed neuropathic pain. It is an intolerable neuropathic pain, which brings heavy burden to family and society. In addition to motor and sensory deficits, neuropathic pain can be another serious sequela that equally influences the patient. The development of a microsurgical technique has promoted the treatment and rehabilitation of brachial plexus injury, but pain relief after BPA is still a difficult problem. Objectives: The present study aimed to semi-quantify changes in the behavior, spinal cord and cerebral metabolism in a neuropathic pain model following BPA injury in rats. Study Design: Controlled animal study. Setting: Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai, China. Methods: A total of 15 Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 200 to 220 g, were randomly divided into 2 groups: experimental group (n = 10) and control group (n = 5). In the experimental group, neuropathic pain induced by BPA was established by directly avulsing the C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1 roots on the right side from the spinal cord. Rats in the control group only received openclose surgery. The autotomic behavior of biting their own digits was recorded and scored at 2 months after the surgery. Small animal positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) images after injection of a 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) tracer were acquired to evaluate glucose metabolism in pain-related brain regions before and after the surgery, respectively. Semi-quantitative values of cortical to cerebellum standardized uptake value (SUV) ratios were calculated. Then, the animals were euthanized and the cervical segments of the spinal cord were removed for detection of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in the astrocytes by immunohistochemical assay. Results: Nine of the 10 rats (90%) in the experimental group showed autotomic behavior at 2 months after the surgery. Slight autotomic behavior was noted only in one of 5 rats (20%) from the control group. The autotomic score in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (5.4 ± 1.0 vs. 0.2 ± 0.4, P < 0.05). The experimental group showed significantly higher SUV ratio in both the right and left thalamus, compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical assay demonstrated that GFAP positive astrocytes in the dorsal horn at the injured side significantly increased compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Limitations: There are differences between small animals and human beings, and the structure and function of the human brain is more complex than in rodents. Therefore, extrapolation of the present conclusion should be cautious. Conclusions: The present study reported a unique model of neuropathic pain following total BPA in rodents, which was demonstrated by a higher rate and score of autotomic behavior. More astrocytes were found activated in the spinal cord at the corresponding level of C5 and C6 spinal cord. In the small animal PET/CT imaging, significantly higher standardized glucose metabolic activity was found in both the right and left thalamus in the experimental group. The present study semi-quantified the neuropathic pain behavior in rats and explored the plastic changes in the spinal and brain metabolism. Key words: Brachial plexus avulsion, small animal PET/CT, glucose metabolism, neuropathic pain, astrocyte, 18F-FDG

Ansprechen auf eine Docetaxel-therapie im LNCaP-Prostata-karzinom-Xenograft-Mausmodell

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (04) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Souvatzoglou ◽  
T. Schuster ◽  
R. Nawroth ◽  
G. Weirich ◽  
U. Treiber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Small Animal Pet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Choline Uptake ◽  
Animal Pet ◽  
Choline Pet ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine whether [11C]choline can be used for docetaxel therapy response assessment in a LNCaPprostate cancer xenograft mouse model using [11C]choline small-animal PET/CT. Animals, methods: The androgen-dependent human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP was implanted subcutaneously into the left flanks of 17 SCID-mice, 12.5 mg testosterone platelets were implanted in the neck wrinkle. All mice were injected 4–6 weeks after xenograft implantation with 37 MBq [11C]choline via the tail vein. Dynamic imaging was performed for 60 minutes with a small-animal PET/CT scanner. After the first [11C]choline PET/CT imaging 8 mice were subsequently injected intravenously with docetaxel twice (days 1 and 5) at a dose of 3 mg/kg body weight. 8 mice were treated with PBS as a control. [11C]choline PET/CT imaging was performed on day 7, 14 and 21 after treatment. Image analysis was performed using tumor/ muscle (T/M) ratios (ROIT/ROIM = T/M ratio). Results: All LNCaP tumours could be visualized by [11C]choline PET/CT. Before treatment the mean T/M ratio was 2.0 ± 0.2 in the docetaxel-treated group and 1.9 ± 0.2 in the control group (p = 0.837). There was a reduction in the mean [11C]choline uptake after docetaxel treatment of the tumours of the LNCaP cell line as early as 1 week after initiation of therapy (T/Mmean ratio 1.5 ± 0.2 after one week, 1.3 ± 0.2 after 2 weeks and 1.4 ± 0.2 after 3 weeks). There was no decrease in [11C]choline uptake in the control group. Conclusion: Our results show that [11C]choline has the potential for use in the early monitoring of the therapeutic effect of docetaxel in a LNCaP prostate cancer xenograft animal model.

Cerebral 18F-FDG metabolism alteration in a neuropathic pain model following brachial plexus avulsion: A PET/CT study in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 1712 ◽  
pp. 132-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Shen ◽  
Bei-Bei Huo ◽  
Xu-Yun Hua ◽  
Mou-Xiong Zheng ◽  
Ye-Chen Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Pain Model ◽  
Brachial Plexus Avulsion ◽  
Model Following ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Neuropathic Pain Model ◽  
18F Fdg

scholarly journals Microarray Analysis of Potential Biomarkers for brachial plexus avulsion caused neuropathic pain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Wang ◽  
Jie Lao
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pain Group ◽  
Brachial Plexus Avulsion ◽  
Neurotrophin Signaling ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain remains a challenging clinical problem due to a lack of satisfactory treatment. Pain after BPA (Brachial Plexus Avulsion) is resistant to most traditional pain relief treatments due to the lack of understanding of the cellular or molecular mechanism of pain development. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of mRNA in the brachial plexus avulsion neuropathic pain model and analyze biological functions. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with complete brachial plexus avulsion. An animal behavior test was carried out to distinguish the pain group from the control group. In this study, a microarray mRNA assay and reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was conducted. The whole blood was collected from two groups for Microarray mRNA analysis. The predicted mRNA targets were studied by gene ontology analysis and pathway analysis. The PIK3CB, HRAS, and JUN genes were verified by RT-PCR. In total, differentially expressed genes(DEGs) were identified between individuals with or without neuropathic pain (case and control), and A biological processes were enriched. We identified 3 targeted mRNAs, including PIK3CB, HRAS, and JUN, which may be potential biomarkers for BPA-caused NP. The results showed that PIK3CB, HRAS, and JUN gene expression was increased in the control group but decreased in the neuropathic pain group. The PIK3CB gene was part of the Neurotrophin signaling pathway. The function of the HRAS gene was synergetic in the aspect of axon guidance and the Neurotrophin signaling pathway. The JUN gene participates in axon regeneration. These results suggest that PIK3CB, HRAS, and JUN genes might become potential biomarkers for the prediction of and new targets for the prevention and treatment of neuropathic pain after BPA. These findings indicate that mRNA expression changes in the blood may play an important role in the development of NP after BPA, which is of theoretical and clinical importance for future research and clinical-treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Preemptive analgesic effect of lidocaine in a chronic neuropathic pain model

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1088-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo M. Batista ◽  
Igor M. Batista ◽  
João P. Almeida ◽  
Carlos H. Carvalho ◽  
Samuel B. de Castro-Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thermal Stimulus ◽  
Lidocaine Group ◽  
Local Infiltration ◽  
Neuropathic Pain Model ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right

Preemptive analgesia inhibits the progression of pain caused by surgical lesions. To analyze the effect of lidocaine on postoperative pain relief, we performed compression of the right sciatic nerve in Wistar rats and observed the differences on behavior between the group that received lidocaine and the group that was not treated with the local anesthetics pre-operatively. Group 1 was not operated (control); group 2 underwent the sciatic nerve ligature without lidocaine; group 3, underwent surgery with previous local infiltration of lidocaine. Group 2 showed significantly longer scratching times with a peak on day 14 post-operative (p=0.0005) and reduction in the latency to both noxious (p=0.003) and non-noxious (p=0.004) thermal stimulus. Group 3 presented significantly shorter scratching times (p=0.004) and longer latency times when compared to Group 2. Preemptive use of lidocaine 2% can potentially reduce the postoperative neuropathic pain associated with sciatic nerve compression.

scholarly journals An observation of the clinical efficacy of combining Riluzole with mannitol and hyperbaric oxygen in treating acute spinal cord injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan-xia Li ◽  
Jing Cui ◽  
Jing-shi Fan ◽  
Jian-zhou Tong
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Acute Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thoracolumbar Fractures ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective: To examine the clinical efficacy of combining Riluzole with mannitol and hyperbaric oxygen therapy in treating thoracolumbar vertebral fracture-induced acute spinal cord injury (ASCI). Methods: From June 2015 to May 2018, 80 patients with thoracolumbar fractures and ASCI who were treated at Baoding First Central Hospital were selected. All patients underwent posterior laminectomy and screw fixation, and they were randomly divided into two groups using a random number table method. The control group received conventional postoperative treatment, while the experimental group was treated with riluzole combined with mannitol and hyperbaric oxygen on the basis of conventional treatment. The recovery of nerve function which included motor function and sensory function, and the changes of serum IL-6, CRP, BDNF, BFGF and other factors before treatment and four weeks after treatment of the two groups of patients were observed and evaluated. Results: After treatment, the motor function scores and sensory function scores of the two groups of patients were improved compared with those before treatment (p<0.05). Compared with the control group, the experimental group improved significantly, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The levels of IL-6, BDNF and NFGF in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: For patients with thoracolumbar fractures and ASCI undergoing laminar decompression and fixation, the comprehensive treatment plan of riluzole combined with mannitol and hyperbaric oxygen has certain advantages. Compared with the conventional therapy, it may significantly improve the movement and sensory functions of patients, relieve the inflammatory response of spinal cord, and promote recovery from the injury. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.3418 How to cite this:Li H, Cui J, Fan J, Tong J. An observation of the clinical efficacy of combining Riluzole with mannitol and hyperbaric oxygen in treating acute spinal cord injury. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.3418 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Analgesic effect of paired associative stimulation in a tetraplegic patient with severe drug-resistant neuropathic pain: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selja Vaalto ◽  
Anna-Lena Nyman ◽  
Anastasia Shulga
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Motor Rehabilitation ◽  
Paired Associative Stimulation ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Right

Abstract Objectives There is no effective evidence-based non-pharmacological treatment for severe neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury (SCI). Paired associative stimulation (PAS) has been used in motor rehabilitation of patients after SCI. In the SCI-PAS protocol for tetraplegic patients, peripheral and central nerve tracts are activated with subject-specific timing, such that ascending and descending signals appear simultaneously at the cervical level. The effect on motor rehabilitation is thought to arise via strengthening of cervical upper and lower motoneuron synapses. We have observed an analgesic effect of PAS on mild-to-moderate neuropathic pain in tetraplegic patients receiving PAS for motor rehabilitation. Here, we applied PAS to a patient with severe drug-resistant neuropathic pain. Methods The patient is a 50-year-old man who had a traumatic cervical SCI three years earlier. He has partial paresis in the upper limbs and completely plegic lower limbs. The most severe pain is located in the right upper limb and shoulder region. The pain has not responded to either pharmacological therapy or repetitive-TMS therapy targeted to either primary motor cortex or secondary somatosensory cortex. PAS was targeted to relieve pain in the right upper arm. Peripheral nerve stimulation targeted the median, ulnar, and radial nerves and was accompanied by TMS pulses to the motor representation area of abductor pollicis brevis, abductor digiti minimi, and extensor digitorum communis muscles, respectively. Results Hand motor function, especially finger abduction and extension, was already enhanced during the first therapy week. Pain decreased at the end of the second therapy week. Pain was milder especially in the evenings. Numerical rating scale scores (evening) decreased 44% and patient estimation of global impression of change was 1, subjectively indicating great benefit when compared to before therapy. Quality of sleep also improved. Conclusions The SCI-PAS protocol reduced neuropathic pain in our subject. The mechanism behind the analgesic effect may involve the modulation of nociceptive and sensory neuronal circuits at the spinal cord level. The possibility to use PAS as an adjunct treatment in drug-resistant post-SCI neuropathic pain warrants further investigation and sham-controlled studies. Patients with neuropathic pain due to SCI may benefit from PAS therapy in addition to PAS therapy-induced improvement in motor function.

scholarly journals Suppression of 18F-FDG signal in the bladder on small animal PET-CT

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. e0205610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Cussó ◽  
Manuel Desco
Keyword(s):  
Small Animal ◽  
Small Animal Pet ◽  
Animal Pet ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
18F Fdg
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