scholarly journals Preemptive analgesic effect of lidocaine in a chronic neuropathic pain model

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1088-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo M. Batista ◽  
Igor M. Batista ◽  
João P. Almeida ◽  
Carlos H. Carvalho ◽  
Samuel B. de Castro-Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thermal Stimulus ◽  
Lidocaine Group ◽  
Local Infiltration ◽  
Neuropathic Pain Model ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right

Preemptive analgesia inhibits the progression of pain caused by surgical lesions. To analyze the effect of lidocaine on postoperative pain relief, we performed compression of the right sciatic nerve in Wistar rats and observed the differences on behavior between the group that received lidocaine and the group that was not treated with the local anesthetics pre-operatively. Group 1 was not operated (control); group 2 underwent the sciatic nerve ligature without lidocaine; group 3, underwent surgery with previous local infiltration of lidocaine. Group 2 showed significantly longer scratching times with a peak on day 14 post-operative (p=0.0005) and reduction in the latency to both noxious (p=0.003) and non-noxious (p=0.004) thermal stimulus. Group 3 presented significantly shorter scratching times (p=0.004) and longer latency times when compared to Group 2. Preemptive use of lidocaine 2% can potentially reduce the postoperative neuropathic pain associated with sciatic nerve compression.

scholarly journals THE USING OF POLYPRENOL-CONTAINING DRUG IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
E. I. Tsoi ◽  
E. V. Vyshlov ◽  
V. B. Trusov
Keyword(s):  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Standard Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Group 1

The article shows the results of the study using drug Ropren in the patients with acute coronary syndrome. Ropren is  a plant drug containing polyprenols — dolichol precursors which take part in dolichol phosphate pathway. The pathology in this pathway leads to disbalance and glycoprotein deficiency. This is the reason of large group of diseases. This study is randomized double blind placebo controlled (No. NCT03122340 at ClinicalTrials.gov). Patients (n=68) with ACS taking standard therapy including atorvastatin 40 mg/day were randomized into to 2 groups: group 1 (n=34) took Ropren  8 drops 3 times per day for 3 week, then 5 drops 3 times per day for 5 weeks; group 2 (n=34) took placebo in the same dose regimen. After two — month therapy there was a positive dynamic (decreasing) in the level of interleukin-6 in the study group whereas in the control group there was no statistically significant change: 4.36 (2.61, 8.95) and 5.5 (3.3; 8.4) pg/ml, respectively (p<0.05). In the group of patients taking Ropren the reduction or cessation of statin was required significantly less than in the placebo group: 3 (8.8%) vs 9 (26.5%), respectively. One patient from the first group had a side effect in the form of gravity in the right hypochondrium. That is why the administration of Ropren in addition to standard therapy is reasonable in patients with ACS.

Investigations into the mechanism of hormone release by rat steroid-producing cells

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 580-581
Author(s):  
G. G. Nussdorfer ◽  
G. Neri ◽  
C. Robba ◽  
G. Mazzocchi ◽  
M. Bortolussi
Keyword(s):  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hormone Release ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Intracellular Storage ◽  
The Right

Biochemical evidence suggests that an exocytotic mechanism underlies hormone release in steroid producing cells. However, the demonstration of secretory granules has been so far elusive, probably owing to the fact that in steroid-producing cells there is little or no appreciable intracellular storage of hormonal products. Since numerous reports indicate that microtubules play a permissive role in exocytotic mechanisms, we devised to investigate the effects of vinblastine (an antimicrotubular agent) on rat lutein and adrenocortical cells.Fifteen adult male rats were divided into 3 experimental groups. Group 1 served as a control; group 2 was given an ip. injection of 25mg/kg of vinblastine (Velban, Lilly) 2 hours before sacrifice; group 3 was treated as group 2, but in addition received an ip. injection of 20IU/kg of ACTH 1 hour before sacrifice. An analogous experiment was performed using fifteen pseudogravid prepubertal rats, except that group 3 received 250 IU of HCG 1 hour before sacrifice. The corticosterone and progesterone concentrations in male and female rats, respectively, were determined by radioimmunological methods, in both the peripheral plasma and the homogenates of the right adrenal or ovary.

scholarly journals Therapeutic trial in experimental tegumentary leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. A comparative study between mefloquine and aminosidine

2000 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Oba Galvão ◽  
Sebastião Moreira Júnior ◽  
Pedro Medeiros Júnior ◽  
Gleiser José Piantino Lemos ◽  
Nara Fabiana Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treated Group ◽  
Leishmania Amazonensis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Trial ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Group 1

One hundred and eighty-two male inbred C57/BL/6 mice were infected with 3 x 106 Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis promastigotes of the MHOM/BR/PH8 strain by means of a subcutaneous injection in the right ear. The animals were separated in three groups: 1) oral mefloquine hydrochloride treatment (16mg/kg/day/10 days), 2) intramuscular aminosidine (Paromomycin®) treatment (20mg/kg/20 days) and 3) control. Twenty six mice of each treated group were sacrificed, one at the end of treatment (nine weeks after inoculation), and one six weeks later (fifteen weeks after inoculation). Control Group animals were sacrificed at weeks six, nine and fifteen after inoculation. There was no significant difference between Group 1 (mefloquine) and Group 3 (control) subjects. Group 2 animals (aminosidine) presented the smallest differences of all, both at the end of the treatment and six weeks later. The histopato-logical parameters have shown the following findings: a) there was no significant difference between the mefloquine treated group and the control group; the group treated with aminosidine showed fewer of vacuolated macrophages than the control group, at week 9 (end of treatment). b) both at the end of treatment and six weeks later, evaluation of tissue necrosis and tissue fibrosis revealed no differences between the treated groups. It was found that six weeks after the end of treatment, mice in the control group presented significantly more severe degrees of fibrosis than mice in the other groups. It can be concluded that mefloquine showed limited therapeutic effect in this experimental model, whereas aminosidine had a significant effect. Nevertheless, neither of them resulted in cure of the lesions.

Effects of sodium selenite and amiloride on calvarial calcification in closing small cranial defects

2011 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 478-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derviş Mansuri Yιlmaz ◽  
Ersin Hacιyakupoğlu ◽  
Sebahattin Hacιyakupoğlu ◽  
Sait Polat ◽  
Hülya Özgür ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Autogenous Bone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Osteoplastic Material ◽  
The Right

Object Fresh autogenous bone graft is the most preferred osteoplastic material, whether the purpose is cosmetic, psychological, or for the protection of the brain. These grafts are not rejected and do not react immunologically. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of autogenous fat rolled with bone dust derived from the bur hole in closing small cranial defects. Additionally, the authors examined the morphological and biochemical effects of Na selenite and amiloride on calvarial calcification. Methods The study group consisted of 20 domestic pigs. These animals were randomly divided into 4 groups. A bur hole with a diameter of 10 mm was made at the right parietal region in all animals, and then the periosteum around the bur hole was cauterized following exposure of the dura mater. The dura was coagulated with bipolar cautery. Group 1 (controls): only a bur hole was opened, and it was then closed with a mixture of the bone dust that had been created during the opening of the bur hole and fat tissue that was taken from the animal's neck. Group 2 (amiloride): 1 nmol/g body weight of amiloride was applied subcutaneously within 15 minutes after closure of the bur hole with bone dust and fat, and then amiloride was applied once a day for 4 weeks. Group 3 (Na selenite): 30 nmol/g body weight of Na selenite was applied subcutaneously within 30 minutes after closure of the bur hole with bone dust and fat, and then Na selenite was applied once a day for 4 weeks. Group 4 (amiloride and Na selenite): 1 nmol/g body weight of amiloride was applied subcutaneously at 15 minutes, and 30 nmol/g body weight of Na selenite was applied subcutaneously at 30 minutes after closure of the bur hole with bone dust and fat, and these 2 injections were repeated once a day for 4 weeks. At the end of 4 weeks, the animals were anesthetized to evaluate the closure of the bur hole. Tissue samples were obtained for ultrastructural and biochemical examination. Results The defect was covered with diffuse connective tissue in the control group. Although multiple capillary vessels were present, the authors did not observe osteogenic differentiation. Histological examination of the second group revealed osteogenic changes. Although new matrix was formed, calcification was not detected. The authors observed fibroblast, collagen fibers, and dense connective tissue filled with capillary in the third group of pigs, which had undergone Na selenite application. Calcification was not detected in this group. Both connective and osteogenic tissue were observed in specimens obtained in the fourth group, which had undergone amiloride and Na selenite application. Conclusions The authors experimentally evaluated the supplementary osteogenic effects of Na selenite and amiloride by using them separately and together. The findings seem promising as a lead-in to new studies in restoring cranial defects.

Histological assessment of nerve lesions caused by epineurial electrode application in rat sciatic nerve

1991 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 636-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Girsch ◽  
Rupert Koller ◽  
Helmut Gruber ◽  
Jürgen Holle ◽  
Christian Liegl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Sciatic Nerves ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Group 1

✓ The left sciatic nerve of 36 rats was exposed and four ring-shaped stainless steel wire electrodes were sutured to the epineurium of each nerve in the same manner as performed clinically for “carousel stimulation” in man. The rats were sacrificed 10 days (Group 1), 3 weeks (Group 2), or 3 months (Group 3) after implantation. The electrodes were excised, the nerves were embedded in Epon, and semithin sections were obtained for histological and planimetric assessment of lesions caused by the epineurially sutured electrodes. The right sciatic nerves served as controls. The total area of neural tissue within the perineurium was determined at three levels: at the site of the electrodes, 8 mm proximal, and 8 mm distal. The area of neural tissue damaged by the surgical procedure was expressed as a percentage of the total area. In Group 1, nine of 12 nerves showed lesions ranging from 0.39% to 25.39% of the total area of neural tissue, in Group 2 eight of 11 sciatic nerves showed lesions ranging from 0.24% to 13.03% of the total area, and in Group 3 five of 12 nerves showed lesions ranging from 0.21% to 4.96% of the total area. The pathologically altered areas in Groups 2 and 3 exhibited distinct signs of nerve fiber regeneration. The reasons for the decrease in damage from Group 1 to Group 3 and the clinical implications of the results for long-term electrical stimulation are discussed.

scholarly journals A tissue-engineered urinary conduit in a porcine urinary diversion model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Jundziłł ◽  
Piotr Kwieciński ◽  
Daria Balcerczyk ◽  
Tomasz Kloskowski ◽  
Dariusz Grzanka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Urinary Diversion ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Group 1

AbstractThe use of an ileal segment is a standard method for urinary diversion after radical cystectomy. Unfortunately, utilization of this method can lead to numerous surgical and metabolic complications. This study aimed to assess the tissue-engineered artificial conduit for urinary diversion in a porcine model. Tissue-engineered tubular polypropylene mesh scaffolds were used for the right ureter incontinent urostomy model. Eighteen male pigs were divided into three equal groups: Group 1 (control ureterocutaneostomy), Group 2 (the right ureter-artificial conduit-skin anastomoses), and Group 3 (4 weeks before urostomy reconstruction, the artificial conduit was implanted between abdomen muscles). Follow-up was 6 months. Computed tomography, ultrasound examination, and pyelogram were used to confirm the patency of created diversions. Morphological and histological analyses were used to evaluate the tissue-engineered urinary diversion. All animals survived the experimental procedures and follow-up. The longest average patency was observed in the 3rd Group (15.8 weeks) compared to the 2nd Group (10 weeks) and the 1st Group (5.8 weeks). The implant’s remnants created a retroperitoneal post-inflammation tunnel confirmed by computed tomography and histological evaluation, which constitutes urostomy. The simultaneous urinary diversion using a tissue-engineered scaffold connected directly with the skin is inappropriate for clinical application.

scholarly journals Kidney ischemia and reperfunsion syndrome: effect of lidocaine and local postconditioning

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 348-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
IGOR NAGAI YAMAKI ◽  
RUY VICTOR SIMÕES PONTES ◽  
FELIPE LOBATO DA SILVA COSTA ◽  
VITOR NAGAI YAMAKI ◽  
RENAN KLEBER COSTA TEIXEIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Renal Ischemia ◽  
Ischemic Postconditioning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ischemia And Reperfusion ◽  
Lidocaine Group ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the effects of blocking the regulation of vascular tone on the ischemia and reperfusion syndrome in rats through the use of lidocaine in the postconditioning technique. Methods: we randomized 35 rats into seven groups of five animals: Group 1- Control; Group 2- Ischemia and Reperfusion; Group 3- Ischemia, Reperfusion and Saline; Group 4- Ischemic Postconditioning; Group 5- Ischemic Postconditioning and Saline; Group 6- Lidocaine; Group 7- Ischemic Postconditioning and Lidocaine. Except for the control group, all the others were submitted to renal ischemia for 30 minutes. In postconditioning groups, we performed ischemia and reperfusion cycles of five minutes each, applied right after the main ischemia. In saline and lidocaine groups, we instilled the substances at a rate of two drops per minute. To compare the groups, we measured serum levels of urea and creatinine and also held renal histopathology. Results: The postconditioning and postconditioning + lidocaine groups showed a decrease in urea and creatinine values. The lidocaine group showed only a reduction in creatinine values. In histopathology, only the groups submitted to ischemic postconditioning had decreased degree of tubular necrosis. Conclusion: Lidocaine did not block the effects of postconditioning on renal ischemia reperfusion syndrome, and conferred better glomerular protection when applied in conjunction with ischemic postconditioning.

Active head movements facilitate compensation for effects of prism displacement on dynamic gait12

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Kim R. Gottshall ◽  
Michael E. Hoffer ◽  
Helen S. Cohen ◽  
Robert J. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Head Movement ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Head Motion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Study design: Four groups, between-subjects study. Objectives: To investigate the effects of exercise on adaptation of normal subjects who had been artificially spatially disoriented. Background: Many patients referred for rehabilitation experience sensory changes, due to age or disease processes, and these changes affect motor skill. The best way to train patients to adapt to these changes and to improve their sensorimotor skills is unclear. Using normal subjects, we tested the hypothesis that active, planned head movement is needed to adapt to modified visual input. Methods and measures: Eighty male and female subjects who had normal balance on computerized dynamic posturography (CDP) and the dynamic gait index (DGI), were randomly assigned to four groups. All groups donned diagonally shift lenses and were again assessed with CDP and DGI. The four groups were then treated for 20 min. Group 1 (control group) viewed a video, Group 2 performed exercise that involved translating the entire body through space, but without separate, volitional head movement, Group 3 performed exercises which all incorporated volitional, planned head rotations, and Group 4 performed exercises that involved translating the body (as in Group 2) and incorporated volitional, planned head motion (as in Group 3). All subjects were post-tested with CDP and DGI, lenses were removed, and subjects were retested again with CDP and DGI. Results: The groups did not differ significantly on CDP scores but Groups 3 and 4 had significantly better DGI scores than Groups 1 and 2. Conclusions: Active head movement that is specifically planned as part of the exercise is more effective than passive attention or head movements that are not consciously planned, for adapting to sensorimotor change when it incorporates active use of the changed sensory modality, in this case head motion.

scholarly journals Histopathological analysis of gangliosides use in peripheral nerve regeneration after axonotmesis in rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Maria Beder Ribeiro ◽  
Belmiro Cavalcanti do Egito Vasconcelos ◽  
Joaquim Celestino da Silva Neto ◽  
Valdemiro Amaro da Silva Júnior ◽  
Nancy Gurgel Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Right

PURPOSE: To analyze the action of gangliosides in peripheral nerve regeneration in the sciatic nerve of the rat. METHODS: The sample was composed of 96 male Wistar rats. The animals were anaesthetized and, after identification of the anaesthesic plane, an incision was made in the posterior region of the thigh, followed by skin and muscle divulsion. The right sciatic nerve was isolated and compressed for 2 minutes. Continuous suture of the skin was performed. The animals were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group (EG), which received subcutaneous injection of gangliosides, and the control group (CG), which received saline solution (0.9%) to mimic the effects of drug administration. RESULTS: No differences were observed between the experimental and control groups evaluated on the eighth day of observation. At 15 and 30 days the EG showed an decrease in Schwann cell activity and an apparent improvement in fibre organization; at 60 days, there was a slight presence of Schwann cells in the endoneural space and the fibres were organized, indicating nerve regeneration. At 15 and 30 days, the level of cell reaction in the CG had diminished, but there were many cells with cytoplasm in activity and in mitosis; at 60 days, hyperplastic Schwann cells and mitotic activity were again observed, as well as nerve regeneration, but to a lesser extent than in the EG. CONCLUSION: The administration of exogenous gangliosides seems to improve nerve regeneration.

Postoperative Morphine Use and Hyperalgesia Are Reduced by Preoperative but Not Intraoperative Epidural Analgesia

2003 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 1449-1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Katz ◽  
Lorenzo Cohen ◽  
Roger Schmid ◽  
Vincent W.S. Chan ◽  
Adarose Wowk
Keyword(s):  
Morphine Consumption ◽  
Gynecologic Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Epidural Administration ◽  
Blinded Manner ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
Postoperative Morphine ◽  
Group 1

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative morphine-sparing effects and reduction in pain and secondary mechanical hyperalgesia after preincisional or postincisional epidural administration of a local anesthetic and an opioid compared with a sham epidural control. Methods Patients undergoing major gynecologic surgery by laparotomy were randomly assigned to three groups and studied in a double-blinded manner. Group 1 received epidural lidocaine and fentanyl before incision and epidural saline 40 min after incision. Group 2 received epidural saline before incision and epidural lidocaine and fentanyl 40 min after incision. Group 3 received a sham epidural control (with saline injected into a catheter taped to the back) before and 40 min after incision. All patients underwent surgery with general anesthesia. Results One hundred forty-one patients completed the study (group 1, n = 45; group 2, n = 49; group 3, n = 47). Cumulative patient-controlled analgesia morphine consumption at 48 h was significantly lower (P = 0.04) in group 1 (89.8 +/- 43.3 mg) than group 3 (112.5 +/- 71.5 mg) but not group 2 (95.4 +/- 60.2 mg), although the hourly rate of morphine consumption between 24 and 48 h after surgery was significantly lower (P &lt; 0.0009) in group 1 (1.25 +/- 0.02 mg/h) than group 2 (1.41 +/- 0.02 mg/h). Twenty-four hours after surgery, the visual analog scale pain score on movement was significantly less intense (P = 0.005) in group 1 (4.9 +/- 2.2 cm) than group 3 (6.0 +/- 2.6 cm) but not group 2 (5.3 +/- 2.5 cm), and the von Frey pain threshold near the wound was significantly higher (P = 0.03) in group 1 (6.4 +/- 0.6 log mg) than in group 3 (6.1 +/- 0.8 log mg) but not group 2 (6.2 +/- 0.7 log mg). Conclusions Preincisional administration of epidural lidocaine and fentanyl was associated with a significantly lower rate of morphine use, lower cumulative morphine consumption, and reduced hyperalgesia compared with a sham epidural condition. These results highlight the importance of including a standard treatment control group to avoid the problems of interpretation that arise when two-group studies of preemptive analgesia (preincisional vs. postsurgery) fail to find the anticipated effects.

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