scholarly journals Hybrid Active-and-Passive Relaying model for SWIPT-enabled 6G-IoT Greencom Networks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Gautam ◽  
Shree Krishna Sharma ◽  
Dinh-Hieu Tran ◽  
Symeon Chatzinotas ◽  
Bjorn Ottersten
Keyword(s):  
Individual Performance ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Power Splitting ◽  
Hybrid Scheme ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Time Switching ◽  
Weighted Utility ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Massive Number ◽  
Iot Devices

<div>In order to support a massive number of resource-constrained Internet of Things (IoT) devices and machine-type devices, it is crucial to design future beyond 5G/6G wireless networks in an energy-efficient manner while incorporating the network extension methodologies. To this end, this letter proposes a novel two-hop hybrid active-and-passive relaying scheme to facilitate simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) considering both the Time-Switching (TS) and Power-Splitting (PS) receiver architectures, while dynamically modelling the involved dual-hop time-period (TP) metric. An optimization problem is formulated for the joint optimization of throughput, harvested energy, and transmit power of a SWIPT-enabled system</div><div>with the proposed hybrid scheme, and is solved using a nonlinear optimizer. Our numerical results in terms of weighted utility function show the superior performance of proposed hybrid scheme over passive repeater-only and active relay-only schemes, while also depicting their individual performance benefits over the corresponding benchmark SWIPT systems with the fixed-TP.</div>

scholarly journals Hybrid Backscatter and Relaying Scheme for 6G Greencom IoT Networks with SWIPT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Gautam ◽  
Shree Krishna Sharma ◽  
Dinh-Hieu Tran ◽  
Symeon Chatzinotas ◽  
Bjorn Ottersten
Keyword(s):  
Individual Performance ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Power Splitting ◽  
Hybrid Scheme ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Time Switching ◽  
Weighted Utility ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Massive Number ◽  
Iot Devices

<div>In order to support the massive number of resource-constrained Internet of Things (IoT) devices and machine-type devices, it is crucial to design future beyond 5G/6G wireless networks in an energy-efficient manner. To this end, this letter proposes a novel two-hop hybrid backscatter-and-relaying scheme to facilitate simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) considering both the Time-Switching (TS) and Power-Splitting (PS) receiver architectures, while dynamically modelling the involved dual-hop time-period (TP) metric. An optimization problem is formulated for the joint optimization of throughput, harvested energy, and transmit power of a SWIPT-enabled system with the proposed hybrid scheme, and is solved using a nonlinear optimizer. Our numerical results in terms of weighted utility function show the superior performance of proposed hybrid scheme over backscatter-only and relay-only schemes, while also depicting their individual performance benefits over the corresponding benchmark SWIPT systems designed with the fixed-TP.</div>

scholarly journals Hybrid Active-and-Passive Relaying model for SWIPT-enabled 6G-IoT Greencom Networks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Gautam ◽  
Shree Krishna Sharma ◽  
Dinh-Hieu Tran ◽  
Symeon Chatzinotas ◽  
Bjorn Ottersten
Keyword(s):  
Individual Performance ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Power Splitting ◽  
Hybrid Scheme ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Time Switching ◽  
Weighted Utility ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Massive Number ◽  
Iot Devices

<div>In order to support a massive number of resource-constrained Internet of Things (IoT) devices and machine-type devices, it is crucial to design future beyond 5G/6G wireless networks in an energy-efficient manner while incorporating the network extension methodologies. To this end, this letter proposes a novel two-hop hybrid active-and-passive relaying scheme to facilitate simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) considering both the Time-Switching (TS) and Power-Splitting (PS) receiver architectures, while dynamically modelling the involved dual-hop time-period (TP) metric. An optimization problem is formulated for the joint optimization of throughput, harvested energy, and transmit power of a SWIPT-enabled system</div><div>with the proposed hybrid scheme, and is solved using a nonlinear optimizer. Our numerical results in terms of weighted utility function show the superior performance of proposed hybrid scheme over passive repeater-only and active relay-only schemes, while also depicting their individual performance benefits over the corresponding benchmark SWIPT systems with the fixed-TP.</div>

scholarly journals Hybrid Active-and-Passive Relaying Model for 6G-IoT Greencom Networks with SWIPT

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6013
Author(s):  
Sumit Gautam ◽  
Sourabh Solanki ◽  
Shree Krishna Sharma ◽  
Symeon Chatzinotas ◽  
Björn Ottersten
Keyword(s):  
Individual Performance ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Power Splitting ◽  
Hybrid Scheme ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Weighted Utility ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Massive Number ◽  
Iot Devices

In order to support a massive number of resource-constrained Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices and machine-type devices, it is crucial to design a future beyond 5G/6G wireless networks in an energy-efficient manner while incorporating suitable network coverage expansion methodologies. To this end, this paper proposes a novel two-hop hybrid active-and-passive relaying scheme to facilitate simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) considering both time-switching (TS) and power-splitting (PS) receiver architectures, while dynamically modelling the involved dual-hop time-period (TP) metric. An optimization problem is formulated to jointly optimize the throughput, harvested energy, and transmit power of a SWIPT-enabled system with the proposed hybrid scheme. In this regard, we provide two distinct ways to obtain suitable solutions based on the Lagrange dual technique and Dinkelbach method assisted convex programming, respectively, where both the approaches yield an appreciable solution within polynomial computational time. The experimental results are obtained by directly solving the primal problem using a non-linear optimizer. Our numerical results in terms of weighted utility function show the superior performance of the proposed hybrid scheme over passive repeater-only and active relay-only schemes, while also depicting their individual performance benefits over the corresponding benchmark SWIPT systems with the fixed-TP.

scholarly journals Hybrid Active-and-Passive Relaying Model for 6G-IoT Greencom Networks with SWIPT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Gautam ◽  
Sourabh Solanki ◽  
Shree Krishna Sharma ◽  
Symeon Chatzinotas ◽  
Björn Ottersten
Keyword(s):  
Individual Performance ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Power Splitting ◽  
Hybrid Scheme ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Weighted Utility ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Massive Number ◽  
Iot Devices

In order to support a massive number of resource-constrained Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices and machine-type devices, it is crucial to design future beyond 5G/6G wireless networks in an energy-efficient manner while incorporating suitable network coverage expansion methodologies. To this end, this invited paper proposes a novel two-hop hybrid active-and-passive relaying scheme to facilitate simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) considering both the time-switching (TS) and power-splitting (PS) receiver architectures, while dynamically modelling the involved dual-hop time-period (TP) metric. An optimization problem is formulated to jointly optimize the throughput, harvested energy, and transmit power of a SWIPT-enabled system with the proposed hybrid scheme. In this regard, we provide two distinct ways to obtain suitable solutions based on the Lagrange dual technique and Dinkelbach method assisted convex programming, respectively, where both the approaches yield an appreciable solution within polynomial computational-time. The experimental results are obtained by directly solving the primal problem using a non-linear optimizer. Our numerical results in terms of weighted utility function show the superior performance of proposed hybrid scheme over passive repeater-only and active relay-only schemes, while also depicting their individual performance benefits over the corresponding benchmark SWIPT systems with the fixed-TP.

scholarly journals Joint design of beamforming and time switching/power splitting for wireless-powered multi-antenna dual-relay network

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guojie Hu ◽  
Yueming Cai ◽  
Liang Ao ◽  
Xiangdong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Superior Performance ◽  
Relay Network ◽  
Sequential Optimization ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Power Splitting ◽  
Time Switching ◽  
Joint Design ◽  
Single Antenna ◽  
Energy Constrained

Abstract In this paper, we consider a wireless-powered dual-relay network consisting of one multi-antenna source, two single-antenna energy-constrained relays and one single-antenna destination without direct source to destination link. In order to establish the communication flow, the energy-constrained relays harvest energy from the radio frequency transmitted by the source firstly, then exploit the harvested energy to forward the source information to the destination based on distributed space time coding (DSTC). Under this network architecture, three decode-and-forward (DF) technique-based relaying protocols, i.e., time switching-based relaying (TSR) protocol, power splitting-based relaying (PSR) protocol, and hybrid relaying (HR) protocol, are considered to drive the energy transfer and information transmission. To maximize the network throughput, the joint design for the optimal energy and information beamforming vectors employed at the source, the optimal time switching, and power splitting ratios under these three protocols are investigated and solved efficiently by employing simple sequential optimization approach or alternating optimization approach. Simulations are conducted to show the superior performance achieved by our proposed scheme. Moreover, we find that the TSR protocol outperforms the PSR protocol in the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region, while the latter outperforms the former in the high SNR region. And the HR protocol achieves the best performance in any SNR region. At the same time, the effect of the relays’ locations on the throughput performance of these three protocols is also investigated.

scholarly journals An efficient pruning scheme of deep neural networks for Internet of Things applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Qi ◽  
Shibo Shen ◽  
Rongpeng Li ◽  
Zhifeng Zhao ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Deep Neural Networks ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Benchmark Datasets ◽  
Iot Devices

AbstractNowadays, deep neural networks (DNNs) have been rapidly deployed to realize a number of functionalities like sensing, imaging, classification, recognition, etc. However, the computational-intensive requirement of DNNs makes it difficult to be applicable for resource-limited Internet of Things (IoT) devices. In this paper, we propose a novel pruning-based paradigm that aims to reduce the computational cost of DNNs, by uncovering a more compact structure and learning the effective weights therein, on the basis of not compromising the expressive capability of DNNs. In particular, our algorithm can achieve efficient end-to-end training that transfers a redundant neural network to a compact one with a specifically targeted compression rate directly. We comprehensively evaluate our approach on various representative benchmark datasets and compared with typical advanced convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures. The experimental results verify the superior performance and robust effectiveness of our scheme. For example, when pruning VGG on CIFAR-10, our proposed scheme is able to significantly reduce its FLOPs (floating-point operations) and number of parameters with a proportion of 76.2% and 94.1%, respectively, while still maintaining a satisfactory accuracy. To sum up, our scheme could facilitate the integration of DNNs into the common machine-learning-based IoT framework and establish distributed training of neural networks in both cloud and edge.

Arriving at the Optimum Overlap Ratio for an Elliptical-Bladed Savonius Rotor

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Alom ◽  
Ujjwal K. Saha
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Study ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Savonius Rotor ◽  
Velocity Magnitude ◽  
Overlap Ratio

The Savonius rotor appears to be particularly promising for the small-scale applications because of its design simplicity, good starting ability, and insensitivity to wind directions. There has been a growing interest in recent times to harness wind energy in an efficient manner by developing newer blade profiles of Savonius rotor. The overlap ratio (OR), one of the important geometric parameters, plays a crucial role in the turbine performance. In a recent study, an elliptical blade profile with a sectional cut angle (θ) of 47.5° has demonstrated its superior performance when set at an OR = 0.20. However, this value of OR is ideal for a semicircular profile, and therefore, requires further investigation to arrive at the optimum overlap ratio for the elliptical profile. In view of this, the present study attempts to make a systemic numerical study to arrive at the optimum OR of the elliptical profile having sectional cut angle, θ = 47.5°. The 2D unsteady simulation is carried out around the elliptical profile considering various overlap ratios in the range of 0.0 to 0.30. The continuity, unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) equations and two equation eddy viscosity SST (Shear Stress transport) k-ω model are solved by using the commercial finite volume method (FVM) based solver ANSYS Fluent. The torque and power coefficients are calculated as a function of tip speed ratio (TSR) and at rotating conditions. The total pressure, velocity magnitude and turbulence intensity contours are obtained and analyzed to arrive at the intended objective. The numerical simulation demonstrates an improved performance of the elliptical profile at an OR = 0.15.

scholarly journals Secrecy-Oriented Optimization of Sparse Code Multiple Access for Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer in 6G Aerial Access Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Jingmin Zhang ◽  
Xiaokui Yue ◽  
Xuan Li ◽  
Haofei Zhang ◽  
Tao Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Access ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Access Networks ◽  
Spectrum Efficiency ◽  
Sparse Code ◽  
Power Splitting ◽  
Power Transfer ◽  
Sixth Generation ◽  
Successive Convex Approximation ◽  
Iot Devices

This article focuses on the simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) systems, which provide both the power supply and the communications for Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices in the sixth-generation (6G) network. Due to the extremely stringent requirements on reliability, speed, and security in the 6G network, aerial access networks (AANs) are deployed to extend the coverage of wireless communications and guarantee robustness. Moreover, sparse code multiple access (SCMA) is implemented on the SWIPT system to further promote the spectrum efficiency. To improve the speed and security of SWIPT systems in 6G AANs, we have developed an optimization algorithm of SCMA to maximize the secrecy sum rate (SSR). Specifically, a power-splitting (PS) strategy is applied by each user to coordinate its energy harvesting and information decoding. Hence, the SSR maximization problems in the SCMA system are formulated in terms of the PS and resource allocation, under the constraints on the minimum rates and minimum harvested energy of individual users. Then, a successive convex approximation method is introduced to transform the nonconvex problems to the convex ones, which are then solved by an iterative algorithm. In addition, we investigate the SSR performance of the SCMA system supported by our optimization methods, when the impacts from different perspectives are considered. Our studies and simulation results show that the SCMA system supported by our proposed optimization algorithms significantly outperforms the legacy system with uniform power allocation and fixed PS.

scholarly journals Joint Source and Relay Beamforming Design in Wireless Multi-Hop Sensor Networks with SWIPT

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqing Liu ◽  
Zhigang Wen ◽  
Dan Liu ◽  
Junwei Zou ◽  
Shan Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
The Other ◽  
Achievable Rate ◽  
Power Splitting ◽  
Amplify And Forward ◽  
Time Switching ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Convex Problem ◽  
Input Multiple Output

We consider a multiple-input multiple-output amplify-and-forward wireless multiple-hop sensor network (WMSN). The simultaneous wireless information and power transfer technology is deployed to potentially achieve an autonomous system. We investigate two practical receiver schemes, which are the power splitting (PS) and the time switching (TS). The power splitting receiver splits received signals into two streams, one for information decoding (ID) and the other for energy harvesting (EH). On the other hand, the time switching receiver only serves in ID mode or energy harvesting mode during a certain time slot. Subject to transmit power constraints and destination harvested energy constraint, we aim to obtain a joint beam-forming solution of source and relay precoders to maximize the maximum achievable rate of the WSN. In order to make the non-convex problem tractable, diagonalization-based alternating optimization algorithms are proposed. Numerical results show the convergence and good performance of the proposed algorithms under both PS and TS protocols.

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