Detection of specific antibodies of classes G and M to bovine leukemia virus in the blood serum

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is an infectious disease of cattle, causing high economic losses worldwide, especially in the field of dairy farming. There is no common vision on the problem of interspecies transmission of BLV. Therefore, a detailed study of the etiologic relationship between leukemia in cattle and other animal species is relevant. Various laboratory animal models provide insight into the pathogenesis of viral infections. The article presents the research results of two series rabbits’ intravenous infection with bovine leukemia virus (BLV) using the culture antigen FLK-BLV and the blood of rabbits with clinical, hematological and immunological signs of viral tumor growth. Blood from all animals was taken from the ear vein after 14, 21, 30 days, and then monthly for six months: to study the morphological parameters of blood and to determine the titer of antibodies to BLV. Blood serum for the presence of antibodies to BLV was examined using a diagnostic kit for the indication of animals infected with the leukemia virus in an immunodiffusion reaction produced by LLC “SRE Veterinary Medicine”, Kharkiv. It was found that the stage of the BLV provirus in the blood leukogram of infected animals was characterized by pronounced lymphocytosis on the 21st day of the experiment. The highest concentration of antibodies to BLV in the blood serum was found on the 90th day after the administration of the virus-containing material, which disappeared from the blood on the 150–180th day after infection. In experimental rabbits, after five months for thirty days, in the absence of antibodies to leukemia in the blood serum, multiple tumors of a dense consistency began to develop throughout the body. Such clinical signs and changes in the of rabbits’ blood of the experimental group are characteristic of serologically positive cows on the hematological development stage of leukemic process and correlate with the results of domestic and foreign authors. The presence of a large number of lymphoblasts, as well as leukolysis cells, in the histological preparation of lymph nodes, lungs, heart and the accumulation of lymphocytes’ immature forms around the interlobular vessels of the liver, which were found in pathohistological studies of the experimental rabbits’ organs, may indicate the development of the leukemia process on early stage in them. The results obtained indicate the ability of BLV to overcome successfully the interspecies barrier upon parenteral ingestion of heterologous individuals from infected lymphocytes and in the form of a culture antigen.

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ВМІСТ ЛІПІДІВ У СИРОВАТЦІ КРОВІ КОРІВ ЗА СПОНТАННОГО ІНФІКУВАННЯ ВІРУСОМ ЛЕЙКОЗУ ВЕЛИКОЇ РОГАТОЇ ХУДОБИ

Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.15421/nvlvet7028 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (3(70)) ◽

pp. 119-123

Author(s):

L.M. Ishchenko ◽

V.D. Ishchenko ◽

V.G. Spyrydonov

Keyword(s):

Blood Serum ◽

Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽

Plastic Material ◽

Total Phospholipid ◽

Leukemia Virus ◽

Blood System ◽

Control Group ◽

Quantitative Composition ◽

Animal Blood ◽

Lactating Cows

Lipids take part in the biological cycle of retroviruses and regulation of their expression. In particular, in the processes associated with the interaction with the lipid bilayer of the host cell (virus penetration into the cell), and budding of newly synthesized viral particles. To study the effect bovine leukemia virus on lipid metabolism in the host organism is very important for veterinary medicine, because of its effect on animal blood system. At the same time, changes in the blood system of lactating cows have a significant impact on the biochemical indicators of quantitative composition of the milk and therefore its quality, nutritional value and safety for consumers. Investigated the lipid composition of blood serum of cattle spontaneous infected with the virus leukemia. For study was formed by two groups of cows black–and–white breed in 3 years of age on 3 – 4 months of lactation, body weight were 400 – 450 kg, 6 animals in each. In the first (control) group was clinically healthy animals, free from bovine leukemia virus (according to the RID, ELISA and PCR studies), the second (experimental) was animals which infected by virus bovine leukemia. Established that in the infected animals significantly increases the content of total phospholipid by 6.0%, total and esterified cholesterol by 4.3 and 4.2%, respectively. Thus, the correlation of total cholesterol to total phospholipids was unchanged in both groups of animals. Also, in the blood serum of cows research groups noted increase of free fatty acids content by 83.3%. Thus, at the spontaneous infection the bovine leukemia virus in animals is a disturbance qualitative and quantitative composition of blood serum lipids owing to disturbance of synthetic processes in liver, caused by the necessity in the plastic material for build lipid layer of shell pathogen.

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Comparative diagnostics of Cattle leukemia by ELISA method in test kits of various constructions

Veterinary Medicine: inter-departmental subject scientific collection ◽

10.36016/vm-2019-105-6 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 32-36

Author(s):

B. T. Stegniy ◽

A. I. Zavgorodniy ◽

S. K. Gorbatenko ◽

O. M. Kornieikov ◽

M. Yu. Stegniy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

False Positive ◽

Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽

Leukemia Virus ◽

Antibody Test ◽

Virus Antibody ◽

Specific Antibodies ◽

Test Kit ◽

Diagnostic Capacity ◽

Cattle Blood ◽

Positive Results

The purpose of the work was to carry out comparative analysis of the positive and negative on leukemia cattle blood sera in ELISA kits of different constructions. Research was carried out using “DIA®-BLV-Ab” kit, in which the reaction had been performed in the indirect ELISA, and “ID Screen® BLV Competition” kit in a competitive format. There were used 15 cattle blood sera for testing, in which antibodies to BLV were confirmed in the ID and the ELISA “Bovine leukemia virus antibody test kit” (IDEXX), as well as 10 positive cattle blood sera confirmed in ID, 10 weak positive sera tested in ID and 10 sera with a weak line of precipitate in ID, 34 negative for leukemia blood sera tested in ID, from which 24 were also tested in the ELISA “Bovine leukemia virus antibody test kit”. The “DIA®-BLV-Ab” kit and “ID Screen® BLV Competition” kit determined positive 25 blood sera with antibodies to BLV, which were positive in ID, and 15 samples were also confirmed in IDEXX test kit. When analyzing 10 sera, that were weak positive in ID, the “DIA®-BLV-Ab” kit determined 8 sera as positive and 2 samples as negative. The “ID Screen® BLV Competition” kit detected specific antibodies to all sera. When analyzing 14 sera with a weak precipitate line in ID, the “DIA®-BLV-Ab” kit determined 9 samples as positive and 5 as negative. The “ID Screen® BLV Competition” determined specific antibodies in 11 samples When analyzing 3 sera, the test result was negative in both ELISA kits. The “DIA®-BLV-Ab” kit determined as negative all 34 sera, which were negative in ID, 24 samples from them were negative in IDEXX test kit. In the “ID Screen® BLV Competition” kit 5 false positive results were received. Studies have shown that both test kits have a high diagnostic capacity and detect antibodies to BLV at different concentrations in all positive sera. The “DIA®-BLV-Ab” kit determined 34 sera as negative, in which specific antibodies were absent, and the “ID Screen® BLV Competition” kit identified 5 samples with a false positive result

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Bovine leukemia virus specific antibodies among french cattle. II. Radioimmunoassay with the major structural protein (BLV P24)

International Journal of Cancer ◽

10.1002/ijc.2910200411 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 543-550 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

D. Levy ◽

L. Deshayes ◽

A. L. Parodi ◽

J. P. Levy ◽

J. R. Stephenson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽

Leukemia Virus ◽

Structural Protein ◽

Specific Antibodies ◽

Major Structural Protein

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Bovine leukemia virus specific antibodies among French cattle. I. Comparison of complement fixation and hematological tests

International Journal of Cancer ◽

10.1002/ijc.2910190613 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 822-827 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

D. Levy ◽

L. Deshayes ◽

B. Guillemain ◽

A.-L. Parodi

Keyword(s):

Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽

Complement Fixation ◽

Leukemia Virus ◽

Specific Antibodies ◽

Hematological Tests

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Isolation of a p15 polypeptide from bovine leukemia virus and detection of specific antibodies in leukemic cattle

Virology ◽

10.1016/0042-6822(77)90475-5 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 77 (2) ◽

pp. 501-509 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Oskar R. Kaaden ◽

Bernd Frenzel ◽

Bernhard Dietzschold ◽

Frank Weiland ◽

Manfred Mussgay

Keyword(s):

Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽

Leukemia Virus ◽

Specific Antibodies

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Dissemination of Bovine Leukemia Virus-Infected Cells from a Newly Infected Sheep Lymph Node

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.00529-06 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 80 (16) ◽

pp. 7873-7884 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

B. E. Fulton ◽

M. Portella ◽

K. Radke

Keyword(s):

Lymph Node ◽

B Cells ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Leukemia Virus ◽

Immunoglobulin M ◽

Surface Glycoprotein ◽

Specific Antibodies ◽

Infected Cells

ABSTRACT To investigate the early establishment of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection, we injected BLV-infected or mock-infected allogeneic cells into the shoulder of sheep in which an efferent lymphatic duct of the draining prescapular lymph node had been cannulated. Rare mononuclear cells acting as centers of BLV infection in culture were present within 4 to 6 days in efferent lymph and within 6 to 10 days in blood. Soon after BLV injection, immunoglobulin M+ (IgM+) and CD8+ cells increased in efferent lymph and oscillated reciprocally in frequency. CD8+ blasts increased on days 4 to 6, when infectious centers increased 100-fold in lymph. On days 6 and 7, both lymph and blood were enriched with CD8+ cells that were labeled late on day 5 with an intravenous pulse of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU). Lymph, but not blood, was enriched with BrdU+ B cells on day 7. Capsid-specific antibodies became detectable in efferent lymph on days 6 to 8 and surface glycoprotein-specific antibodies on day 9, preceding their detection in serum by 9 to 14 days. Systemic dissemination of BLV-infected cells was thus accompanied by an increase in proliferating CD8+ cells and the onset of BLV-specific antibodies in lymph. Infectious centers reached maximum frequencies of 0.2% in lymph by days 11 to 13, and then their frequencies increased by 5- to 40-fold in blood cells, suggesting that many infected blood cells do not recirculate back into lymph. Beginning on days 10 to 13, a subpopulation of B cells having high levels of surface IgM increased sharply in peripheral blood. Such cells were not present in lymph. After a day 16 pulse of BrdU, recently proliferated cells that stained intensely for surface IgM appeared in blood within 15 h. Predominantly B lymphocytes contained the viral capsid protein when lymph and blood cells were cultured briefly to allow BLV expression. However, both early in lymph and later in blood, BrdU+ B cells greatly exceeded productively infected cells, indicating that new BLV infections stimulate proliferation of two different populations of B cells.

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