Hepatitis B Virus (Hepadnaviridae: Orthohepadnavirus: Hepatitis B virus) among Hospitalized Mentally Disabled Patients is not transmitted by their nurses or family members

Background. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been reported to be higher in the institutionalized mentally disabled patients than that of the general population previously reported in Iran. This study aims to investigate HBV infection among nurses and families of the hospitalized mentally disabled patients.Material and methods. This study was conducted on 110 nurses and family members of the mentally disabled patients who were hospitalized in five residential care centers of Tehran. The presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) was examined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Afterwards, HBV DNA was extracted, and then propagated via a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and specific primers. Finally, a phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining method to compare virus genomes in the nurses’ serum with other isolated HBVs worldwide.Results. Out of 102 studied nurses, three (3%) were positive for HBsAg (100% female). Also, no patient was positive for the HBV genome, while eight (7.3%) nurses were positive for HBcAb including two (25%) males and six (75%) females. Genome sequencing of one DNA positive sample showed that the isolated virus from this patient contained sub genotype D1 and subtype ayw2. The results of none of the family members were positive for HBsAg, HBcAb, or HBV DNA.Conclusion. This study showed a higher prevalence of HBsAg among nurses (3%) compared to the Iranian general population (1.7–2.1%). The virus isolated from the nurses belonged to subgenotype D1 and subtype ayw2 in accordance with previous Iranian reports. Also, there was no drug-resistant or vaccine-escape mutations in the obtained viral genome. Moreover, low immune pressure on the virus in the asymptomatic chronic HBV patients might be responsible for low nucleotide divergence among the derived HBV genome.

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Development and evaluation of an in-house ELISA to detect hepatitis B virus surface antigen in resource-limited settings

Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin ◽

10.3329/bmrcb.v39i2.19644 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 65-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K Fatema ◽

S Tabassum ◽

A Nessa ◽

M Jahan

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Surface Antigen ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Health Concern ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Virus Surface ◽

B Virus ◽

Commercial Kits ◽

Checkerboard Titration

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is of global public health concern. Among various serological tests used for the diagnosis and screening of HBV infection, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) is most widely used. The present study was designed to develop and standardize a cost effective in-house ELISA for the detection of HbsAg and compare its performance with two established commercial kits. The concentrations of coating antibody, conjugates and sera were fixed by checkerboard titration. Using known HBsAg positive and negative sera, four different concentrations (1, 0.5, 0.25 and 0.125 ?g/well) of coating anti-HBs were applied. Similarly, serial dilutions of patients sera (1 in 2, 1 in 3, 1 in 5 and 1 in 9) and conjugates (1 in 2, 1 in 3, 1 in 5, 1 in 9 and 1 in 17) were evaluated by checkerboard titration. The optimal concentration of coating antibody was determined at 0.25 ?g/well and 1 in 9 dilution for both conjugates and sera. The performance comparison of our in-house ELISA showed excellent correlation with two commercial kits (Pearson 0.957, P=0.001 for monoclonal antibody coated kit and Pearson 0.929, P=0.000 for polyclonal antibody coated kit) when OD values were compared. All commercial kit proven positive samples was positive while all negative samples were negative with the in-house ELISA resulting in 100% sensitivity and specificity. The results of our study demonstrated that our inhouse ELISA for detection of HBsAg was equally as sensitive and specific as two well-known commercial kits. Thus, this system may be a useful tool for diagnostic and screening purposes, as well as outbreak investigations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v39i2.19644 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2013; 39: 65-68

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Endemic hepatitis B virus (HBV) among hospital in-patients in Bangladesh, including evidence of occult infection

10.1101/2020.03.17.20037085 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Fazle Rabbi Chowdhury ◽

Anna L McNaughton ◽

Mohammad Robed Amin ◽

Lovely Barai ◽

Mili Rani Saha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Hbv Dna ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Occult Hepatitis ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

B Virus ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Hospital Patients ◽

Surface Gene

ABSTRACTBangladesh is one of the world’s top ten burdened countries for viral hepatitis. We investigated an adult fever cohort (n=201) recruited in Dhaka, to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and to identify cases of occult hepatitis B infection (OBI). HBV exposure (anti-HBc) was documented in 72/201 (36%), and active HBV infection in 16/201 (8%), among whom 3 were defined as OBI (defined as detectable HBV DNA but negative HBsAg). Applying a target-enrichment sequencing pipeline to samples with HBV DNA >3.0log10 IU/ml, we obtained deep whole genome sequences for four cases, identifying genotypes A, C and D. Polymorphisms in the surface gene of the OBI case may account for the negative HBsAg status. We identified mutations associated with nucleos(t)ide analogue resistance, although the clinical significance in this cohort is not known. The high prevalence of HBV in this setting highlights the benefits of offering screening in hospital patients and the importance of HBV DNA testing of transfusion products to reduce the risk of transmission. In order to work towards international Sustainable Development Goal targets for HBV elimination, increased investment is required for diagnosis, treatment and prevention in Bangladesh.

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Primary Tupaia Javanica Hepatocyte Culture as an In Vitro Model for Human Hepatitis B Virus Infection

The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Digestive Endoscopy ◽

10.24871/2232021203-209 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 203-209

Author(s):

Kemal Fariz Kalista ◽

Maryati Surya ◽

Silmi Mariya ◽

Diah Iskandriati ◽

Irsan Hasan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

In Vitro Model ◽

Hbv Dna ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Primate Research ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

B Virus ◽

Vitro Model

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still one of the biggest health problems in the world, which could lead to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Treatment for HBV infection has not yet achieved a functional cure. More studies are needed to investigate human HBV (HuHBV), but the scarcity of animal models for HuHBV infection became a barrier. Recently, many studies have shown that Tupaia are suitable for the study of HuHBV. The purpose of this study was to develop a primary tupaia hepatocyte (PTH) culture from T. javanica, a species of Tupaia found in Indonesia, and to prove that HuHBV can replicate in the PTH.Method: In vitro experimental study using PTH isolated from five wild adult T. javanica in Primate Research Center, IPB University. HuHBV was taken from humans with HBsAg and HBV-DNA (+). PTH cells then were infected with HuHBV after reaching 80% confluence. Observation on PTH cells was done everyday for 20 days. Qualitative and quantitative HBsAg were measured using a CMIA while HBV-DNA and cccDNA were measured by RT-PCR.Results: A cytopathic effect was seen on day post infection (DPI)-16. HBsAg and HBV-DNA were detected from DPI-2 until DPI-18, with HBV-DNA level peaked on DPI-12. cccDNA concentration was fluctuating from DPI-2 until DPI-20 with highest level on DPI-16.Conclusion: HuHBV could infect and replicate in PTH from T. javanica can be infected with HuHBV and HuHBV can replicate in the PTH from T. javanica.

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Paternal hepatitis B virus infection with different clinical courses between siblings

10.22541/au.161081075.50219683/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yoshiaki Sasaki ◽

Hiroki Kajino

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Family Members ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Hepatitis B Virus Infection ◽

Hbv Vaccination ◽

B Virus

No countermeasures have been established against horizontal infection in non-vaccinated children. We reported about siblings with different clinical courses of HBV paternal infection. To eradicate HBV, we should encourage HBV vaccination of all children and HBV infection screening of fathers and other family members.

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Prevalence and genotyping of hepatitis B virus: a cross-sectional study conducted with female sex workers in the Marajó Archipelago, Brazil

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1177/0956462419849252 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (9) ◽

pp. 902-910 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Paula CR Frade ◽

Nairis C Raiol ◽

Luana M da Costa ◽

Luiz ML Pinheiro ◽

Gláucia C Silva-Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Sex Workers ◽

Female Sex Workers ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Hepatitis D ◽

Female Sex ◽

Hbv Genotypes ◽

B Virus

In South America, the Amazon basin is considered an endemic area of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, epidemiological studies with vulnerable groups are scarce. Female sex workers (FSWs) are highly vulnerable to sexually transmitted infections due to a combination of their sexual behavior and socio-economic conditions. Thus, this study investigated the prevalence of HBV infections and HBV–hepatitis C virus, HBV–hepatitis D virus, HBV–HIV, and HBV–human T-lymphotropic virus co-infections among FSWs in the Marajó Archipelago, northern Brazil, as well as identifying the HBV genotypes circulating in this population. A total of 153 FSWs in 5 towns and 18 riverside communities were included in the study. The HBV infection and co-infections were diagnosed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The HBV genotypes were detected by sequencing and were then analyzed phylogenetically. Most of the FSWs surveyed were single, young, heterosexual, and born locally, with low levels of education. Overall, 21 (13.7%) had been exposed to HBV, and HBV-DNA was detected in 13 (8.5%). Genotypes A (69.2%), D (23.1%), and F (7.7%) were detected. Seven cases of co-infections with other viruses were detected. These findings indicate a clear need for urgent measures to control the spread of HBV and other pathogens, and to promote the health of the local FSWs.

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Occult hepatitis B virus infection among hemodialysis patients

Journal of Biological Research - Bollettino della Società Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale ◽

10.4081/jbr.2018.7516 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 91 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Rahil Nahid Samiei ◽

Somayeh Shokri ◽

Shahab Mahmoudvand ◽

Manoochehr Makvandi ◽

Heshmatollah Shahbazian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Hbv Dna ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Hepatitis B Infection ◽

Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Occult Hepatitis ◽

B Virus ◽

The World ◽

Occult Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B virus is a major public health impasse all over the world. Recently a new form of hepatitis B infection named Occult hepatitis B Infection (OBI) has appeared globally. The OBI is defined as the presence of HBV DNA in the liver and/or blood in the absence of detectable serum HBsAg with/without anti-HBc or anti-HBs. The prevalence of OBI has been reported in hemodialysis (HD) patients in different regions of the world. Thus, this study investigated the prevalence of OBI among HD patients. The cross-sectional study was carried out on 84 HD patients. These sera were checked for HBsAg, HBc-IgG assessment using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The DNA was extracted from the sera samples and tested for HBVDNA detection using Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (Nested PCR). The liver function tests including serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were carried out for all the HD individuals. 52/84(61.9%) of HD were males and 32/84 (38.1%) were females. The patient’s age ranged from 25 to 64 with a mean age of 52.4±15.2 years. HBsAg and HBc-IgG were detected in 1(1.1%) female. 2 (2.4%; a female and a male) patients were positive for HBsAg. 14/84 (16.7%; 6 female and 8 male) HD patients were positive for anti-HBc but negative for HBsAg, among them 4(28.6%; 2 female and 2 male) cases were positive for HBV DNA, indicating the presence of OBI in HD patients. Even distribution of OBI among the HD was found in 2(2.36%) male and 2(2.36%) female (P>.0.05). In the present study the moderate rate of 4.76% OBI has been observed in HD patients. The prevalence of seropositive OBI among the gender was 2(2.36%) male and 2(2.36%) female. The seronegative OBI have not been detected in the present study but requires further investigation. In this study the affliction of OBI in HD patients is not clear.

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[480] LONGITUDINAL CHANGES IN SERUM HBV-DNA LEVELS DURING THE NATURAL COURSE OF HBeAg-NEGATIVE CHRONIC HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) INFECTION

Journal of Hepatology ◽

10.1016/s0168-8278(07)62078-9 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. S182

Author(s):

G.V. Papatheodoridis ◽

V. Sevastianos ◽

H. Panopoulou ◽

N. Chrysanthos ◽

E. Hadziyannis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Hepatitis ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Chronic Hepatitis B ◽

Hbv Dna ◽

Natural Course ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽

B Virus ◽

Negative Chronic Hepatitis

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The risk of hepatitis B virus infection by transfusion in Kumasi, Ghana

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2002-04-1084 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 101 (6) ◽

pp. 2419-2425 ◽

Cited By ~ 102

Author(s):

Jean-Pierre Allain ◽

Daniel Candotti ◽

Kate Soldan ◽

Francis Sarkodie ◽

Bruce Phelps ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Hbv Dna ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

B Virus ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Hbv Transmission

The risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission by transfusion in sub-Saharan Africa is considered to be relatively low, and testing of blood donors is often not done or is done relatively poorly. To re-examine this attitude, we identified HBV chronically infected blood donors from a major hospital in Ghana with a range of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) assays. Test efficacy was estimated using HBV DNA as a gold standard, and the risk of HBV infection in blood recipients was estimated for different testing strategies. Particle agglutination, dipstick, and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) HBsAg screening detected 54%, 71%, and 97% of HBV infectious donors, respectively. The risk of HBV transmission to recipients less than 10 years old ranged between 1:11 and 1:326 with blood unscreened and screened by EIA, respectively. For older recipients, the risk decreased a further 4-fold because of the high frequency of natural exposure to HBV. A total of 98% of HBsAg-confirmed positive samples contained HBV DNA. HBV DNA load was less than 1 × 104 IU/mL in 75% of HBsAg-reactive samples, most of them anti-HBe reactive. Approximately 0.5% of HBsAg-negative but anti-HBc-positive samples contained HBV DNA. The use of sensitive HBsAg tests is critical to prevent transfusion transmission of HBV infection to young children in a population with a 15% prevalence of chronic HBV infection in blood donors. However, this will not have much effect on the prevalence of this infection unless other strategies to protect children from infection are also advanced in parallel.

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