scholarly journals Methods and Opportunities in the Research of Bronze Age Communities : The Outcomes of the Bioarchaeological Research Programme of the Momentum Mobility Research Group (2015-2020)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-42
Author(s):  
Viktória Kiss ◽  
András Czene ◽  
Marietta Csányi ◽  
János Dani ◽  
Szilvia Fábián ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Isotope Geochemistry ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Hungarian Academy ◽  
Carpathian Basin ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Societal Changes ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Bronze Age

Although there is no textual evidence known from the Bronze Age, written sources describing migrations of later (i.e. Early Medieval) periods effecting the Carpathian Basin were interpreted as instances of cultural and population change which could be comparable with processes that took place during the Bronze Age in the Carpathian Basin. In the past two decades, Eurasian archaeological research received a new impetus to investigate the traces of migrations during prehistory, in collaboration with other disciplines such as isotope geochemistry or archaeogenetics. The current project which commenced in 2015, funded by the ‛Momentum Programme’ of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, was set out to investigate the societal changes that had taken place within the boundaries of modern-day Hungary – contemporaneous with the builders of the great pyramids of Egypt and the Greek heroes of the Mycenaean shaft graves – by analysing the settlements, cemeteries and the artefacts recovered from these archaeological sites. The project, for the first time in Hungarian Bronze Age research, employs a range of multidisciplinary methodologies in order to examine the social changes of the period. The present paper is to provide an overview of a particular aspect of this research: the outcomes of the bioarchaeological enquiries with special regards to the general health, mobility and the lifestyle of studied populations.

scholarly journals The significance of the Sun, Moon and celestial bodies to societies in the Carpathian basin during the Bronze Age

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (S260) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emília Pásztor
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Carpathian Basin ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Folk Tales ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
The Social ◽  
Celestial Bodies ◽  
Religious Systems ◽  
The Bronze Age

AbstractCelestial events often exerted a great or even decisive influence on the life of ancient communities. They may provide some of the foundations on which an understanding of the deeper meaning of mythologies, religious systems and even folk tales can be based. These influences are reflected and may be detected in the archaeological material as well. There is good evidence that celestial (especially solar and perhaps lunar) phenomena played a particularly important rôle in the worldview of prehistoric Europe. To reveal the social and ideational significance of concepts relating to the celestial bodies in the prehistory of the Carpathian Basin, complex investigations on orientations of houses and graves, prestige archaeological finds and iconography have been accomplished. The results indicate ideological and/or social changes, which developed into a likely organized ideological system in large part of Central Europe including the Carpathian Basin by the Late Bronze Age. It might also be the first period in prehistory when people became really interested in celestial phenomena.

Exploring the Bronze Age Tells and Tell-like Settlements from the Eastern Carpathian Basin. Results of a Research Project

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-96
Author(s):  
Florin Gogâltan ◽  
Alexandra Găvan ◽  
Marian A. Lie ◽  
Gruia Fazecaș ◽  
Cristina Cordoș ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Carpathian Basin ◽  
Research Project ◽  
The Bronze Age

Towards a refined chronology for the Bronze Age of the southern Urals, Russia

Antiquity ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (312) ◽  
pp. 353-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.K. Hanks ◽  
A.V. Epimakhov ◽  
A.C. Renfrew
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Bronze Age

Cultural interactions in central Russia are famously complex, but of very wide significance. Within the social changes they imply are contained key matters for Europe and Asia: the introduction of Indo-Europeans and other languages, the horse and the chariot, and the transition towards nomadism. Of crucial importance to future research is a sturdy chronological framework and in this contribution the authors offer 40 new radiocarbon dates spanning the conventional Bronze Age in the southern Urals.

scholarly journals Bronze age sickles in diverse roles

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Eszter Fejér
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Carpathian Basin ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
The People ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Special Value ◽  
The Bronze Age

Bronze sickles are among the most numerous types of artefacts discovered in Late Bronze Age assemblages in Europe, and they have been found in particularly large numbers in the Carpathian Basin. Since their form has barely changed during the last few thousand years and they are generally regarded as having a very ordinary function, for a long time they had failed to spark research interest. Nevertheless, detailed analysis of their find contexts and condition, as well as their comparison with historical, anthropological, and ethnographic observations reveal that they may have had diverse meanings, a greater significance than previously thought, and a special value for the people of the Bronze Age.

scholarly journals Transformations of Metal Supply during the Bronze Age in the Carpathian Basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-330
Author(s):  
Viktória Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Neutron Radiography ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Carpathian Basin ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Metal Artifacts ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
The Bronze Age

This paper presents recent research questions which have been raised and methods which have been used in the study of Bronze Age metallurgy in connection with available natural resources (ores) in and around the Carpathian Basin. This topic fits in the most current trends in the research on European prehistoric archaeology. Given the lack of written sources, copper and bronze artifacts discovered in settlement and cemetery excavations and prehistoric mining sites provide the primary sources on which the studies in question are based. The aim of compositional and isotope analysis of copper and tin ores, metal tools, ornaments, and weapons is to determine the provenience of the raw materials and further an understanding of the chaine operatiore of prehistoric metal production. The Momentum Mobility Research Group of the Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities studies these metal artifacts using archaeological and scientific methods. It has focused on the first thousand years of the Bronze Age (2500–1500 BC). Multidisciplinary research include non-destructive XRF, PGAA (promptgamma activation), TOF-ND (time-of-flight neutron diffraction) analyses and neutron radiography, as well as destructive methods, e.g. metal sampling for compositional and lead isotope testing, alongside archaeological analysis. Microstructure studies are also efficient methods for determining the raw material and production techniques. The results suggest the use of regional ore sources and interregional connections, as well as several transformations in the exchange network of the prehistoric communities living in the Carpathian Basin.

scholarly journals Burial Rites at the Frontovoye 3 Cemetery in the Southwest Crimea

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.Н. Свиридов ◽  
С.В. Язиков
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Burial Rites ◽  
Funerary Rites ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Percentage Ratio ◽  
Central Crimea ◽  
Burial Rite

Статья посвящена характеристике погребального обряда могильника Фронтовое 3, расположенного в 1 км к СЗЗ от с. Фронтовое Нахимовского р на г. Севастополь и полностью исследованного отрядом Крымской новостроечной экспедиции ИА РАН в 2018 г. Вскрыто 13 948 кв. м раскопано 328 погребений конца I IV в. н. э. и 4 эпохи бронзы, в т. ч. 305 подбойных могил, 12 грунтовых склепов, 7 грунтовых ям, 1 погребение в амфоре, 1 захоронение лошади и 2 собаки. Среди особенностей могильника следует выделить значительное преобладание подбойных могил, ориентировку погребенных в юго восточный сектор, присутствие особого типа кремационных погребений, а также соотношение погребальной камеры с входной ямой в грунтовых склепах. Прослеженные на памятнике обряды имеют аналогии в ряде памятников Юго Западного и Центрального Крыма, но сочетание типов обряда и их процентное соотношение во Фронтовом своеобразно. This paper reports on characteristics of funerary rites at Frontovoye 3, which is a cemetery located one kilometer north northwest of the village of Frontovoye in the Nakhimovsky district of Sevastopol which was fully examined by a team of the Crimea salvage expedition of the Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, in 2018. The area of 13,948 sq. m was excavated 328 graves dating to the end of the 1st 4th centuries and four graves of the Bronze Age, including 305 niche graves, 12 ground vaulted graves, 7 pit graves, 1 jar burial in an amphora, 1 horse grave and 2 dog graves were investigated. The cemetery is characterized by predominance of niche graves, orientation of the deceased to the southeast, presence of a special type of cremated burials and correlation between the burial chamber and the entrance pit in ground vaulted graves. The rites identified at the site have analogies in a number of sites located in the Southwest and Central Crimea however, the combination of the types of burial rite and their percentage ratio at Frontovoye is quite distinctive.

The Earliest Cremation Burials in the South-Eastern Alpine Region from the Middle Bronze Age – Signs of Intercultural Connections with the Northern Carpathian Basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-490
Author(s):  
Brina Škvor Jernejčič
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Alpine Region ◽  
Carpathian Basin ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
The South ◽  
Burial Practices ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Tisza River ◽  
The Bronze Age

AbstractThe article considers cremation graves from the site of Podsmreka near Višnja Gora (Slovenia). Based on the analysis of their pottery, it could be shown that the graves can be dated to the Middle Bronze Age period (Br B2/C1) and thus represent one of the oldest cremation burials of the Bronze Age in Slovenia. First, the ceramic finds from the radiocarbon dated settlement contexts are discussed in order to reach a more exact chronological framework for the vessel forms from graves. A synthesis of all Middle Bronze Age graves, both inhumations and cremations, from central and eastern Slovenia allows us to get a better understanding of when the change in burial practices occurred. Surprisingly, the best analogies for the vessels from graves at Podsmreka near Višnja Gora can be found in the northern Carpathian Basin, where we observe a long-standing tradition of cremation burials. The analysis of radiocarbon samples from two graves from Šafárikovo in Slovakia allowed us to verify the absolute chronology of urn amphorae vessels with particular form and decoration, which we can date between the second half of the 16th and the first half of the 15th century BC. Such astonishing correspondences in the pottery between the northern Carpathian Basin and the south-eastern Alpine region seem to indicate that the very area of the Upper Tisza river, and the territory of the Piliny Culture, played a crucial role in the transmission of new burial practices, not only to Slovenia, but also across wider areas along the Sava and Drava rivers on the distribution area of the Virovitica group.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document