Prospective Clinical Study on Incidence, Risk Factors and Management of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Preterm Babies Admitted in NICU, GGH, Kakinada

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vaso proliferative disorder of retina among preterm infants. Significant cause of blindness in children with increased survival of premature infants with improved neonatal care. Potential risk factors for development of ROP include low gestational age, low birth weight, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, sepsis, acidosis, oxygen therapy. Anemia as a cause for retinopathy of prematurity has been postulated but there are very few studies addressed the effect of anemia on incidence and severity of ROP. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of anemia on incidence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity and to determine other factors associated with development of retinopathy of prematurity.Methods: Retrospective descriptive study of 120 babies born premature less than 34 weeks for the development of Retinopathy of prematurity and its severity and for associated conditions. All babies screened for retinopathy of prematurity at 3 weeks of age and further followed up for progression of ROP. Factors analysed included hemoglobin levels at 3 weeks of life, number of blood transfusions, days on ventilator, gestational age, birth weight, duration of oxygen requirement, bronchopulmonary dysplasia for the development of retinopathy of prematurity. Findings described in simple descriptive manner.Results: Anemia and increased requirement for blood transfusion are associated with higher incidence and severity of ROP. Low gestational age, birth weight, prolonged oxygen requirement, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), sepsis are other risk factors.Conclusions: It is significant to screen preterm babies for ROP and to anticipate in the background of these risk factors. Minimise oxygen duration and blood loss for sampling to prevent anemia and reduce transfusions.

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Incidence, risk factors, and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity among very low birth body weight infants

Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1016/j.tjo.2012.04.001 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 60-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yu-Shu Liu ◽

Ta-Ching Chen ◽

Chang-Hao Yang ◽

Chung-May Yang ◽

Jen-Shang Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Weight ◽

Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽

Incidence Risk ◽

Birth Body Weight

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Retinopathy of prematurity in preterm babies in a local medical college and hospital

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20201343 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 1463

Author(s):

Shantisena Mishra ◽

Anjali Saji ◽

Saiprasanna Behera ◽

Sridhar Mohanty

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Multiple Gestation ◽

Maternal Risk ◽

Preterm Babies

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity is a multifactorial vasoproliferative retinal disease that increases in incidence with decreasing gestational age and is one of the leading causes of preventable childhood blindness in India. Advances in neonatology have led to dramatic increase in survival of preterm neonates and in turn, to the risk of developing ROP. Since most of the risk factors associated with ROP mentioned above arise in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) itself and most of them are avoidable, cautious monitoring of the risk factors, early screening, follow up and surgical intervention have been shown to reduce the incidence and improve the outcome of ROP.Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted for a period of 2 years. A total of 151 infants admitted in NICU /SNCU who satisfied the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. Initial and follow up screening was conducted in three phases the results were documented in proforma after ethical clearance.Results: Comparison of risk factors between eyes with and without ROP was done using Chi-square test. A p-value of<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Incidence of ROP in centre is found to be 33.8%. Among maternal risk factors, multiple gestation and PROM/PPROM is found to be significant in the development of ROP from this study. However, mode of delivery and gestational hypertension, were found to be not significant in ROP. Among neonatal risk factors, low birth weight, lower gestational age, prolonged oxygen exposure, blood transfusion, mechanical ventilation, sepsis, phototherapy was found to be significant in this study.Conclusions: ROP, being an emerging cause for potentially blinding visual disability, needs to be diagnosed early. Due to the advancements in neonatology and better survival of preterm babies, timely screening, regular follow up, early detection and intervention is mandatory. A multidisciplinary approach is required in diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Proper counselling and motivation for parents of preterm and low birth weight babies for regular follow up is also essential.

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