scholarly journals Educating for Peace: The Role and Impact of International Organisations in Interwar and Post-War Danish School Experiments, 1918–1975

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-25
Author(s):  
Karen Egedal Andreasen ◽  
Christian Ydesen

In the aftermath of the two world wars, strong international networks and organisations manifested themselves with promotion of peace through education on their agenda. Danish pedagogical experiments and experimental schools were strongly influenced by these trends and played a role in subsequent school practices and policies. Drawing on the notions of “the transnational” and “trading spaces” as well as the theoretical concepts of transfer, translation, and transformation, this article addresses the following research question: How were international ideas, knowledge and practice of promoting peace through education transferred, translated, and transformed in Danish school experiments in interwar and post-war scenarios? In exploring this question, the article uses transnational and Danish archival sources as well as journals and reports linked to the Danish progressive education movement. Thus, the article contributes to our understanding of the entanglements of educational ideas and to how trends of internationalisation and globalisation work.

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-162
Author(s):  
Thomas Kleinlein

Abstract: The concept of international law underlying the Versailles Peace Treaty is marked by a complex and ambivalent combination of references to just peace and the use of the legal form. This article analyses the concept of law and the use of legal techniques and institutions in the Paris settlement, and connects it to various contemporaneous strands of ‘legalism' and to the transformation from (classical) nineteenth-century to (modern) twentieth-century international law. In a second step, the article turns to how the ambivalent legalism in the Versailles Peace Treaty impacted on the respective case law of the Permanent Court and how this case law connects to ‘modern' approaches to international law. While, in substance, the cases involving the Versailles Peace Treaty raised issues of both post-war settlement and international organisation, in doctrinal terms, the Court tentatively developed a concept of international law that squares with modern approaches. This can be demonstrated by examination of the case law, which contributed to the law of international organisations, redefined sovereignty, and developed the humanitarian dimension of international law.


1980 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore F. Wichmann

Is the Experiential Education Movement doomed to an early death like its predecessor the Progressive Education Movement? The author argues that heresies evident in the literature of the Experiential Education Movement militate against its survival.


2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samreen Ismail ◽  
Zafar Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Adeel

Organizational Justice has been considered a significant subject in the operative organizations functioning. Whereas Organizational Citizenship Behavior is important to achieve the organizational success therefore organizations encourage and facilitate the OCB in order to produce effectiveness and efficiency in organization functions. The primary aim of this research is to investigate the role of organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior in enhancing employees’ performance in academic setting. Organizational justice plays a pivotal role in shaping individual behavior and particularly extra role behavior such organizational citizenship behavior. To answer the research question, the cross sectional data were collected through a questionnaire from 190 employees working in different universities of Azad Kashmir Pakistan. Our findings reveal that there is a significant positive association among organizational justice (OJ), organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and Employees performance (EP). The results indicated that Organizational Justice and Organization Citizenship Behaviors was significant predictor of Employees performance. This research contributes to the managerial literature by identifying and applying theoretical concepts into a different sample and organizational settings.


Ekonomika ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danuta Diskienė ◽  
Vytautas Goštautas

Abstract. The importance of studies on work-related values and attitudes is obvious as values are ascribed a central role in determining the fit between individuals and the employment organization. Responding to the importance of the issue, the paper emphasizes the meaning of the individual and organizational values’ fit for the organization, its possibility to become part of strategic planning and a goal for every manager in charge. The aim of the article is to explore the theoretical concepts on values’ fit and to compare it with the empirical research findings. The research question is how the individual and organizational values’ fit is related with the job satisfaction and performance of the employees. Adapted methods of the survey of job satisfaction measuringnine different facet scales, were used, performance results were obtained from the organization, and two different variables related to quality and sales were measured. The research was conducted in the Lithuanian Telecommunication company. The findings of the research emphasize that job satisfaction has significant correlations with individual and organizational values’ fit. Employees whose job satisfaction was higher had higher fit scores. The performance of employees had no significant correlation with job satisfaction scales.Key words: individual values, organizational values, values fit, job satisfaction, performance


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-101
Author(s):  
Omar Samba ◽  
Ebrima Jatta

This paper aims at finding out the national interest of China in conducting economic cooperation with the Gambia from 2016. Relying on qualitative inquiry, this research is informed by the theoretical concepts from national interest. In terms of national interest, the political aspect of the national interest of Morgenthau and the economic aspect of Donald E. Nuechterlein is used to analyze the national interest of China in the Gambia. To answer the research question: What is China’s national interest in their economic cooperation with the Gambia? The research finds out that China has political and economic interests in the Gambia. Politically, China’s interest in the Gambia is clearly stated in the joint communique signed between China and the Gambia when they were resuming their diplomatic relations in 2016. As a form of this agreement, the Gambia is supporting the One-China principle by not opening official relations with Taiwan. Finally, China retains an economic interest to secure the Gambian market for Chinese products and natural resources for Chinese manufacturing industries. Most importantly, is the port of the Gambia which has a strategic location in the west Africa region and is crucial to the China’s belt and road initiative. China has become one of the major sources of financial support for the Gambia since resuming economic cooperation in 2016. This financial support includes giving loans, grants, aid, and trade. As can be seen from the analysis of the dependency perspective, this research shows that China uses its loans and grants to monopolized the Gambia market for Chinese goods and Chinese investment which likely creates contracts for Chinese companies and provide job opportunities for Chinese citizens. Keywords: national interest, China, The Gambia, economic cooperation, one-china principle.


2016 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Konrad Matyjaszek

Wall and window: the rubble of the Warsaw Ghetto as the narrative space of the POLIN Museum of the History of Polish JewsOpened in 2013, the Warsaw-based POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews is situated in the center of the former Nazi Warsaw ghetto, which was destroyed during its liquidation in 1943. The museum is also located opposite to the Monument to the Ghetto Heroes and Martyrs, built in 1948, as well as in between of the area of the former 19th-century Jewish district, and of the post-war modernist residential district of Muranów, designed as a district-memorial of the destroyed ghetto. Constructed on such site, the Museum was however narrated as a “museum of life”, telling the “thousand-year old history” of Polish Jews, and not focused directly on the history of the Holocaust or the history of Polish antisemitism.The paper offers a critical analysis of the curatorial and architectural strategies assumed by the Museum’s designers in the process of employing the urban location of the Museum in the narratives communicated by the building and its main exhibition. In this analysis, two key architectural interiors are examined in detail in terms of their correspondence with the context of the site: the Museum’s entrance lobby and the space of the “Jewish street,” incorporated into the main exhibition’s sub-galleries presenting the interwar period of Polish-Jewish history and the history of the Holocaust. The analysis of the design structure of these two interiors allows to raise a research question about physical and symbolic role of the material substance of the destroyed ghetto in construction of a historical narrative that is separated from the history of the destruction, as well as one about the designers’ responsibilities arising from the decision to present a given history on the physical site where it took place.Mur i okno. Gruz getta warszawskiego jako przestrzeń narracyjna Muzeum Historii Żydów Polskich POLINOtwarte w 2013 roku warszawskie Muzeum Historii Żydów Polskich POLIN stanęło pośrodku terenu dawnego nazistowskiego getta warszawskiego, zburzonego podczas jego likwidacji w 1943 roku, naprzeciwko powstałego w roku 1948 Pomnika Bohaterów i Męczenników Getta; jednocześnie pośrodku obszaru dawnej, dziewiętnastowiecznej warszawskiej dzielnicy żydowskiej i powojennego modernistycznego osied­la Muranów, zaplanowanego jako osiedle-pomnik zburzonego getta. Zlokalizowane w takim miejscu Muzeum przedstawia się jako „muzeum życia”, opowiadające „tysiącletnią historię” polskich Żydów, niebędące insty­tucją skoncentrowaną na historii Zagłady Żydów i historii polskiego antysemityzmu.Artykuł zawiera krytyczną analizę kuratorskich i architektonicznych strategii przyjętych przez twórców Mu­zeum w procesie umieszczania środowiska miejskiego w roli elementu narracji historycznej, komunikowanej przez budynek Muzeum i przez jego wystawę główną. Szczegółowej analizie poddawane są dwa kluczowe dla projektu Muzeum wnętrza architektoniczne: główny hall wejściowy oraz przestrzeń „żydowskiej ulicy” stanowiąca fragment dwóch galerii wystawy głównej, poświęconych historii Żydów w Polsce międzywojen­nej oraz historii Zagłady. Analiza struktury projektowej tych dwóch wnętrz służy próbie sformułowania od­powiedzi na pytanie badawcze dotyczące właściwości fizyczno-symbolicznych materialnej substancji znisz­czonego getta w odniesieniu do narracji abstrahującej od historii jego zniszczenia oraz odpowiedzialności projektantów wynikającej z decyzji o umieszczeniu narracji historycznej w fizycznej przestrzeni, w której wydarzyła się historia będąca tej narracji przedmiotem.


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