scholarly journals Exterior Artificial Pancreas Project

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Beretas C
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Level ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Artificial Pancreas ◽  
Database Table ◽  
Work Duration ◽  
Internal Database

Objective: Pump size exterior artificial pancreas that will keep the glucose between 120 – 150mg/dl. Method: The whole project based on the idea that we should already know one insulin unit how much is able to go down the glucose and one glucagons unit how much is able to increase the glucose. Less than 120 mg/dl it uses glucagons. More than 150 mg/dl it uses insulin. The pump checks the glucose automatically for every 8 minutes. The pump (which is software decision) will choose between insulin or glucagons base in an internal database table with prerequisite glucose values and the insulin or glucagons units requiring for each glucose value (adaptive database table for each diabetic). The pump (the software) is able to choose how many insulin or glucagon units it should use (that is not based on what the diabetic will eat, but base on the current glucose level that received from the sensor which is located in the human body, needle and sensor are one piece). The insulin should have a work duration of 8 minutes and works instantly. Result: I choose 120 mg/dl as the lowest allowance glucose level as this level is secure for the diabetic (there is a time to prevent big hypoglycemia). Conclusion: This project offers to diabetics insulin injections freedom, hypoglycemia prevention, run emergency tests, ideally for all ages, endocrinologists will have the software to adapt the internal database table of the pump for each diabetic needs.

Simulation Work for the Control of Blood Glucose Level in Type 1 Diabetes Using Hovorka Equations

2015 ◽  
Vol 1113 ◽  
pp. 739-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Farhana binti Mohd Yusof ◽  
Ayub Md Som ◽  
Sherif Abdulbari Ali ◽  
Aqilah Liyana binti Abdul Halim Anuar
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Artificial Pancreas ◽  
Parametric Programming ◽  
Diabetes Patient ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Time Dynamic

Recently, diabetes is known as one of non-communicable diseases that can lead to fatal if there is no further cure is to be taken especially in South-East Asia regions. An artificial pancreas is introduced to help diabetes patient controls their blood glucose level but the current device is not functioning as fully automated yet. In order to have fully automated artificial pancreas, a controller needs to be improved as the current controller is 33% less accuracy than required. This improvement will help Type 1 diabetes patient in managing their blood glucose level at recommended range. Besides, the presence of controller will help the patient to live normally as non-diabetes people. This research is done to study behaviours of variables in Hovorka model for Type 1 diabetes and to simulate the Hovorka equations. gPROMS software is used due to its speciality in real-time dynamic simulation, fast calculation in complex mathematical equations and capable to adapt multi-parametric programming and Model Predictive Control (MPC). The study is conducted using simulation software based on previous studies experimental data; focusing on the algorithm of the controller. The results illustrate the most active parameter in the model is the administration (bolus & infusion) of insulin.

scholarly journals Control of Blood Glucose Level for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus using Improved Hovorka Equations: Comparison between Clinical and In-Silico Works

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur’Amanina Mohd Sohadi ◽  
Ayub Md Som ◽  
Noor Shafina Mohd Nor ◽  
Nur Farhana Mohd Yusof ◽  
Sherif Abdulbari Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Artificial Pancreas ◽  
The Body

AbstractBackgroundType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) occurs due to inability of the body to produce sufficient amount of insulin to regulate blood glucose level (BGL) at normoglycemic range between 4.0 to 7.0 mmol/L. Thus, T1DM patients require to do self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) via finger pricks and depend on exogenous insulin injection to maintain their BGL which is very painful and exasperating. Ongoing works on artificial pancreas device nowadays focus primarily on a computer algorithm which is programmed into the controller device. This study aims to simulate so-called improved equations from the Hovorka model using actual patients’ data through in-silico works and compare its findings with the clinical works.MethodsThe study mainly focuses on computer simulation in MATLAB using improved Hovorka equations in order to control the BGL in T1DM. The improved equations can be found in three subsystems namely; glucose, insulin and insulin action subsystems. CHO intakes were varied during breakfast, lunch and dinner times for three consecutive days. Simulated data are compared with the actual patients’ data from the clinical works.ResultsResult revealed that when the patient took 36.0g CHO during breakfast and lunch, the insulin administered was 0.1U/min in order to maintain the blood glucose level (BGL) in the safe range after meal; while during dinner time, 0.083U/min to 0.1 U/min of insulins were administered in order to regulate 45.0g CHO taken during meal. The basal insulin was also injected at 0.066U/min upon waking up time in the early morning. The BGL was able to remain at normal range after each meal during in-silico works compared to clinical works.ConclusionsThis study proved that the improved Hovorka equations via in-silico works can be employed to model the effect of meal disruptions on T1DM patients, as it demonstrated better control as compared to the clinical works.

scholarly journals A control of glucose level in insulin therapies for the development of artificial pancreas by Atangana Baleanu derivative

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 2639-2648
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farman ◽  
Muhammad Umer Saleem ◽  
Aqeel Ahmad ◽  
Sumaiyah Imtiaz ◽  
Muhammad Farhan Tabassum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Level ◽  
Artificial Pancreas

scholarly journals Control Limitations in Models of T1DM and the Robustness of Optimal Insulin Delivery

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 926-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Townsend ◽  
Maria M. Seron ◽  
Graham C. Goodwin ◽  
Bruce R. King
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Artificial Pancreas ◽  
Parameter Uncertainties ◽  
Optimal Input ◽  
Glucose Profiles

Background: In insulin therapy, the blood glucose level is constrained from below by the hypoglycemic threshold, that is, the blood glucose level must remain above this threshold. It has been shown that this constraint fundamentally limits the ability to lower the maxima of the blood glucose level predicted by many mathematical models of glucose metabolism. However, it is desirable to minimize hyperglycemia as well. Hence, a desirable insulin input is one that minimizes the maximum glucose concentration while causing it to remain above the hypoglycemic, or higher, threshold. It has been shown that this input, which we call optimal, is characterized by glucose profiles for which either each maximum of the glucose concentration is followed by a minimum or each minimum is followed by a maximum. Methods: We discuss the implication of this inherent control limitation for clinical practice and test, through simulation, the robustness of the optimal input to a number of different model and parameter uncertainties. We further develop guidelines on how to design an optimal insulin input that is robust to such uncertainties. Results: The optimal input is in general not robust to uncertainties. However, a number of strategies may be used to ensure the blood glucose level remains above the hypoglycemic threshold and the maximum blood glucose level achieved is less than that achieved by standard therapy. Conclusions: An understanding of the limitations on the controllability of the blood glucose level is important for future treatment improvements and the development of artificial pancreas systems.

Controller design for a fractional-order nonlinear glucose-insulin system using feedback linearization

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (13) ◽  
pp. 2372-2381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Waleed Khan ◽  
Muhammad Abid ◽  
Abdul Qayyum Khan ◽  
Ghulam Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Systems ◽  
Fractional Order ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Feedback Linearization ◽  
Controller Design ◽  
Artificial Pancreas ◽  
Glucose Regulation ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Fractional Order Model ◽  
Simulation Results

In this paper, the system of glucose regulation in a human body is discussed. Nonlinear Bergman’s minimal model representing this system is taken, and converted to fractional-order model using the Caputo definition. After that, method of feedback linearization is put forward for fractional-order nonlinear systems, and then applied to design observer based controller for an artificial pancreas for a patient with diabetes. Using FOTF toolbox in MATLAB, the designed controller, observer, and the system are simulated. Using simulation results, it is shown that the designed controller and observer are stable, and the desired level of glucose concentration is being tracked faithfully.

scholarly journals PANCREAS HORMONES- INSPIRED METHOD

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 01-09
Author(s):  
Baida'a Lala’a ◽  
◽  
Ghaleb Al-Gaphari
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
A Cell

This paper intends to formulate a new multi-objective inspired method, called Pancreas Hormones Method (PHM) for solving optimization problems. PHM is a population-based method, which based on biological nature of pancreas hormones in the maintenance of blood glucose level in the human body system. The adaptive blood glucose control system has provided useful alternatives and supplements to the types of optimization problems embodied in distributed systems. In this method, cell absorption of glucose is considered as a candidate solution; this happens when each cells' receptors in the human body bind with insulin granule, which allows utilizing glucose by a cell. The pancreas evaluates the fitness of all solutions by measure blood glucose level (BGL) in each iteration (secretion phases). Insulin granules (molecules) tend to target cells randomly and search for the optimal solutions which can get it by retard BGL to normal range. In each generation of the algorithm, the best solution is which can access the BGL to the balance point, whereas the other solutions are considered as a searcher of the search space. In this paper, PHM designed, and then it validated, tested on the bases of standard benchmarks and compared with the results of some successful algorithms. The results of PHM are promising.

An artificial pancreas provided a novel model of blood glucose level variability in beagles

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaya Munekage ◽  
Tomoaki Yatabe ◽  
Hiroyuki Kitagawa ◽  
Yuka Takezaki ◽  
Takahiko Tamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Artificial Pancreas ◽  
Novel Model

Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Measurement Using Temperature-based Approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Yap Hui Kit ◽  
Norazan Mohd Kassim
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Level ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Small Variation ◽  
Test Strip ◽  
Blood Glucose Measurement ◽  
Glucose Measurement ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Ntc Thermistor

Conventional way of measuring glucose level using finger pricking method does not only cause pain but is also costly to diabetic patients since the lancet and test strip is not reusable. Addressing to this matter, a simple metabolic heat conformation (MHC) technique was adapted in our study to measure human glucose level using non-invasive method which is harmless and capable of providing real time monitoring. This method is adapted based on the theory of glucose metabolism process which produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP function to transport energy within cells in form of heat dissipated throughout human body. Thus, temperature based algorithm was conducted using an implemented prototype circuit sensor which consist of pyroelectric detector and NTC thermistor to detect small variation of human and surrounding temperature. A total of 50 samples have been collected for analysis purposes. Results obtained from the temperature-based prototype glucose monitoring system using NTC thermistor (TPGMS-NTC) were compared with commercial automated glucose analyzer through Error Grid Analysis, and it was shown that glucose concentration is correlated to the total amount of heat dissipated from human body by 0.9125. About 90% of the samples taken are plotted within accurate range (region A) while 10% are plotted within acceptable range (region B).

scholarly journals Measurement of the Core Human Body Temperature by Means of Passive Acoustic Thermometry

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Anosov ◽  
I. S. Balashov ◽  
A. V. Erofeev ◽  
Yu. S. Zhdankina ◽  
A. A. Sharakshane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Level ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Acoustic Radiation ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
Thermal Acoustic Radiation ◽  
Acoustic Thermometry ◽  
The Core ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Passive Acoustic

The purpose of the study. To determine whether it is possible to use passive acoustic thermometry to measure the core temperature of human body regions. Materials and methods. Thermal acoustic radiation was measured by a multichannel acoustic thermograph with a threshold sensitivity of 0.3°С at an integration time of 10 s. A portable computer infrared thermograph with a sensitivity of 0.1°С was used to measure the superficial temperature. Results. Measurements of thermal acoustic radiation of the right hypochondrium of the study subject were carried out to obtain an integral temperature of the liver after intake of sugar. At the same time, blood glucose concentrations were measured. The glucose level increased from 4 to 8 mmol/l within an hour and a half; then it began to decline. The acoustic radiation temperature increased by 2°С with a half an hour delay after the increase in the glucose level. Model calculation showed that the liver temperature increased from 37 to 38°С. Conclusion. It was shown that passive acoustic thermometry can be used to measure the core temperature of different regions of the human body. The proposed method may be useful in the emergency medicine.

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