scholarly journals ANALISIS RISIKO PAJANAN GAS AMMONIA (NH3) PADA PEKERJA DI BAGIAN PABRIK AMMONIA I PT PETROKIMIA GRESIK

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinda Dwi Firmansyah ◽  
Khambali . ◽  
Koerniasari .
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Respiratory Disorder ◽  
Factory Workers ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Level Of Risk

ABSTRACT PT Petrokimia Gresik is the Complete Fertilizer Manufacturer in Indonesia which produces various kinds of fertilizers and chemicals for agro-industrial solutions. Ammonia (NH3) is one of the results of chemical production at PT Petrokimia Gresik which poses a risk to the health of ammonia factory workers at PT Petrokimia Gresik. The purpose of this study is to analyze the risk of exposure to ammonia (NH3) gas in ammonia I factory workers of PT Petrokimia Gresik.This study is a descriptive survey using Environmental Health Risk Analysis approach. The data analysis method used was risk analysis to determine the risk characterization of PT Petrokimia Gresik ammonia (NH3) I workers. The level of risk is said to be safe if RQ ≤ 1, and the level of risk is said to be unsafe if RQ> 1.The results showed that the average concentration of ammonia (NH3) gas was 6.6 mg / m3, the highest concentration was 9.2 mg / m3, the lowest concentration was 4.3 mg / m3. The physical air environment obtained at an average air temperature of 36oC, the average air humidity was 43%, the average wind speed was 0.85 m / s and the wind direction when the measurements blew from the West and East. Agents at risk of causing health problems to workers at ammonia I factory of PT Petrokimia Gresik were ammonia (NH3) gas in the work environment air sourced from the ammonia (NH3) gas production process, and 57% of the ammonia I factory workers of PT Petrokimia Gresik had a history of respiratory disorder. The response dose of ammonia (NH3) gas was 5x10-1 mg / m3. All ammonia I factory workers at PT Petrokimia Gresik obtained a minimum concentration, average concentration and maximum concentration of RQ <1.From the results of the study it can be concluded that the level of risk of exposure to ammonia (NH3) gas in ammonia I factory workers of PT Petrokimia Gresik is safe and not at risk of developing respiratory tract disorders, because the concentration is minimal, average concentration and maximum concentration does not exceed risk (RQ). It is recommended that the ammonia I plant manager of PT Petrokimia Gresik keep monitoring and evaluating the air pollution control and prevention system regularly. Key words: Risk Analysis, Ammonia Gas (NH3), Workers

scholarly journals Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Paparan Gas Nitrogen Dioksida (No2) pada Petugas Parkir di Basement Plaza Andalas

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 441
Author(s):  
Muchsin Riviwanto ◽  
Fajar Mavira Sani
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Average Intake ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Not At Risk

<p>Nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>)is a gas that is poisonous reddish brown and very pungent smell like sour nitrat. Emission from vehicle of concentration NO<sub>2</sub> reach 78,8 ppm, this result means so dangerous to health, especially that emission in door, like basement. The porpuse this study was to analyze the health risks of nitrogen dioxide exposure to the parking attendant Plaza Andalas Basement. This research is a descriptive study using a health risk analysis environmental method. Analyze exposure of nitrogen dioxide on the parking attendant Plaza Andalas Basement. Samples are conditioned at Plaza Andalas Basement taken as many as five measurement points within two days, and the parking attendant amounted to 15 people. Analysis of data using univariat. Analysis of data presented in the form of a frequency distribution table and then narrated. Based on the research result the average concentration of nitrogen dioxide is 13,53 µg/Nm<sup>3</sup>, analysis of dose-respons of nitrogen dioxide is 0,02 mg/kg/day for noncarcinogen effect. The average intake of exposure nitrogen dioxide to parking attendant is 0,00006184 mg/kg/day, with an average maximum concentration acceptable of nitrogen dioxide has worked  is 13,2152 mg/Nm<sup>3</sup>. All parking attendant Plaza Andalas Basement  is not at risk of expousure of nitrogen dioxide. From the research result the conclusion is all parking attendant is not at  risk expousure of nitrogen dioxide. Recommended to the manager of Plaza Andalas Basment to increase exhaust and to the presence of nitrogen dioxide gas should keep an eye of the Plaza Andalas Basement so as not to increase.</p>

PSXIII-8 Effects of different sources of Zn on in vitro ruminal fermentation and digestibility of a lactation diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 466-466
Author(s):  
Angela R Boyer ◽  
Yun Jiang ◽  
Alon Blakeney ◽  
Dennis Nuzback ◽  
Brooke Humphrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
High Metal Content ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract Vistore® minerals are hydroxychloride minerals that feature high metal content and improved bioavailability. This study was conducted to compare different sources of zinc (Zn) on in vitro rumen fermentation parameters. Three ruminally-cannulated Jersey heifers were adapted to a lactation diet for two weeks before used as donors. Three sources of Zn were tested at 20 ppm: No supplemental Zn (CON), ZnSO4, Vistore Zn, and another Zn hydroxychloride (Vistore-competitor). The concentration of Zn in this study was selected from a titration study (0 to 40 ppm ZnSO4) to identify the minimum concentration of ZnSo4 affecting rumen fermentation. The lactation diet (TMR) was dried and ground to 1mm and used as substrate. Rumen fluid was collected two hours after feeding. Substrate (0.5 g) was inoculated with 100 mL of 3:1 McDougall’s buffer: ruminal flued mixture at 39ºC for 24 h. Each treatment was run in triplicate and in three runs. Data were analyzed with R 3.0. The model included fixed effect of treatment and random effect of run. ZnSO4 reduced (P &lt; 0.05) maximum gas production, DMD (54 vs. 55.9%) and cellulose (27.5 and 40.7%) digestibility. acetate to propionate ration (2.20 vs. 2.24) and NH3-N concentration (6.0 vs. 7.0 mg/dL), increased (P &lt; 0.05) propionate % (27.2 vs 26.7%) compared to control. Vistore had higher pH than control (6.44 vs. 6.40, P = 0.02) but did not affect other parameters compared to CON. Vistore-competitor reduced total VFA production compared to control, ZnSO4, and Vistore (94 vs. 102, 106 and 107 mM, respectively, P = 0.01) but did not affect other parameters. In general, Vistore Zn maintained in vitro ruminal fermentation and digestibility, while ZnSO4 had negative effects on both fermentation and digestibility and Vistore-competitor reduced total VFAs. Results indicate hydroxychloride minerals may stabilize rumen parameters versus sulfate sources but different hydroxychloride sources appear to influence rumen parameters differently.

scholarly journals PENDEKATAN METODE MARKOWITZ UNTUK OPTIMALISASI PORTOFOLIO DENGAN RISIKO EXPECTED SHORTFALL (ES) PADA SAHAM SYARIAH DILENGKAPI GUI MATLAB

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-517
Author(s):  
Umiyatun Muthohiroh ◽  
Rita Rahmawati ◽  
Dwi Ispriyanti
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Value At Risk ◽  
Expected Shortfall ◽  
Optimal Portfolio ◽  
Optimal Portfolios

A portfolio is a combination of two or more securities as investment targets for a certain period of time with certain conditions. The Markowitz method is a method that emphasizes efforts to maximize return expectations and can minimize stock risk. One method that can be used to measure risk is Expected Shortfall (ES). ES is an expected measure of risk whose value is above Value-at-Risk (VaR). To make it easier to calculate optimal portfolios with the Markowitz method and risk analysis with ES, an application was made using the Matlab GUI. The data used in this study consisted of three JII stocks including CPIN, CTRA, and BSDE stocks. The results of the portfolio formation with the Markowitz method obtained an optimal portfolio, namely the combination of CPIN = 34.7% and BSDE = 65.3% stocks. At the 95% confidence level, the ES value of 0.206727 is greater than the VaR value (0.15512).  

scholarly journals 2769. The Clinical and Economic Impact of MMR Vaccinations to Prevent Measles Importations from US Pediatric Travelers Returning from Abroad

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S976-S977
Author(s):  
Emily P Hyle ◽  
Audrey C Bangs ◽  
Amy P Fiebelkorn ◽  
Alison T Walker ◽  
Paul Gastanaduy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Primary Immunization ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Lost Work ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Immunization Series

Abstract Background Although pediatric travelers comprise < 10% of US international travelers, they account for almost half of all measles importations among returning travelers. For travelers 1–18 years with no other evidence of measles immunity, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends 2 MMR vaccine doses before departure; 1 dose is recommended for infant travelers (6 to <12 months) and does not count toward their primary immunization series. All US travelers (6 months to < 6 years) are at risk for being undervaccinated for measles because MMR is routinely given at 1 years and 4–6 years. Methods We developed a decision tree model to evaluate the clinical impact and cost per case averted of pretravel health encounters (PHE) that vaccinate MMR-eligible pediatric international travelers. We compared 2 strategies for infant (6 to < 12 months) and preschool-aged (1 to <6 years) travelers: (1) no PHE: travelers departed with baseline MMR vaccination status vs. (2) PHE: MMR-eligible travelers were offered vaccination. All simulated travelers experienced a destination-specific risk of measles exposure during travel (mean, 237exposures/10M travelers; range, 19–6,750 exposures/10M travelers); if exposed to measles, travelers were at risk of illness stratified by age and MMR vaccination status (range, 0.03–0.90). Costs include direct medical costs and lost work wages for guardians. Model outcomes included measles cases, costs, and cost per case averted. We varied inputs in sensitivity analyses. Results Compared with no PHE, PHE averted 451 measles cases at $985,000/case averted for infant travelers and 54 measles cases at $1.5 million/case averted for preschool-aged travelers (table, bottom). PHE can be cost-saving for travelers to regions with higher risk of measles exposure and if more MMR-eligible travelers are vaccinated at PHE (Figure 1). At a risk of exposure associated with European travel, PHE had better value when a measles importation led to a higher number of contacts or more US-acquired cases per importation (Figure 2). Conclusion PHE for pediatric travelers (6 months to <6 years) decreased the number of imported measles cases and saved costs, especially if targeted to travelers with higher-risk destinations, if more MMR-eligible travelers are vaccinated at PHE, or if outbreaks are larger. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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