scholarly journals The passive of verbs constructed with prepositions (Das Passiv der mit Präpositionen konstruierten Verben )

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (44) ◽  
pp. 317-336
Author(s):  
Afrah Majeed Hadi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Past Participle ◽  
Passive Voice ◽  
Intransitive Verb ◽  
The Past ◽  
Main Verb ◽  
Reflexive Verbs

Verbs in German and Arabic are of two types: active and passive. Passive voice is a grammatical voice construction that is found in many languages. Out of grammatical perspective, each main verb has a form in the active and one in the passive known as a "genus verbi" (type of verb). In passive voice, both in German and in Arabic, the focus is on the action itself or on the result of the action; often the perpetrator is not mentioned. In German, to conjugate verbs in the passive voice, you must know the forms of werden (to become). German uses werden + the past participle and states it at the end of a sentence. In Arabic, the passive is formed by changing the vowels on the verb; the vowel series u-i-a occurs instead of the a-vowels. Transitive prepositional verbs originally are intransitive verb with a preposition added to the action of the sentence. In German, the prepositional group can be combined with the prepositions von or durch, while in Arabic, such a prepositional group occurs only in certain cases. In contrast to Arabic, the passive in German is impossible with reflexive verbs. In some cases, an impersonal passive in German corresponds with a personal passive in Arabic. The present paper discusses some of these verbs traced in a chart that shows the most important results when compared with their Arabic equivalents. In grammatischen Darstellung findet man für jedes Vollverb eine Form im Aktiv und eine im Passiv, es wird von „genus verbi“ (Art des Verbs) gesprochen. Im Passiv steht sowohl im Deutschen als auch im Arabischen das Geschehen selbst oder das Ergebnis der Handlung im Vordergrund; aus der Sicht der betroffenen Person oder Sache; oft wird der Täter nicht gennant. Im Deutschen wird die passivische Verbform mit dem Hilfsverb werden und dem Partizip II gebildet, während die Vokalreihe u-i-a anstelle der a- Vokale im Arabischen eintritt. Die im Aktiv mit Präpositionen verbundenen Verben bilden in beiden Sprachen ein unpersönliches Passiv. Im Deutschen kann die Präpositionalgruppe mit den Präpositionen von oder durch verbunden werden. Im Unterschied dazu tritt solche Präpositionalgruppe im Arabischen nur in bestimmten Fällen mit من قبل auf. Im Unterschied zum Arabischen ist das Passiv im Deutschen bei reflexiv Verben unmöglich. In einigen Fällen entspricht ein unpersönliches Passiv im Deutschen einem persönlichen Passiv im Arabischen.

scholarly journals TIPE VERBA BAHASA PERANCIS DAN PERWUJUDANNYA PADA KLAUSA

LITERA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roswita Lumban Tobing
Keyword(s):  
Structural Approach ◽  
French Language ◽  
Passive Voice ◽  
Transitive Verb ◽  
Language System ◽  
Indirect Object ◽  
Intransitive Verb ◽  
Main Verb ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Auxiliary Verb

This study aims to describe types of verbs and their realizations in clauses in French. The data were collected from books on the French language system. The data were analyzed using a structural approach combined with referential semantics to check the acceptability of verb uses in clauses. The results are as follows. First, an intransitive verb in a clause serves as a predicate that describes the subject action without an object. Second, a transitive verb must be followed by a direct or an indirect object which can be placed in front of the verb. Third, a dual-type verb can be a transitive verb or an intransitive verb. Fourth, in the passive voice, the construction of the main verb is ‘participe passé’ that must be accompanied by the auxiliary verb ‘etre’.

scholarly journals English Passive and the Function of Shodan in Persian

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abdollahi-Guilani ◽  
Kim Hua Tan
Keyword(s):  
Basic Structure ◽  
Original Novel ◽  
Past Participle ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Passive Voice ◽  
Library Resources ◽  
Main Verb ◽  
Animal Farm ◽  
Auxiliary Verb ◽  
Passive Verbs

<p>Although English and Persian share a basic structure in the formation of passive with the help of past participle of the main verb accompanied by “be” in English and “shodan” (i.e. become) in Persian on a syntactic basis, Persian resorts to morphological alternation, too. However, the verb shodan is not merely an auxiliary verb; it can serve as a main verb as well. In fact, Persian passives have various overlapping realizations, bearing the meaning of “possibility” and “going”, too. This study also sought out to investigate whether or not passives differed in written texts. In addition to library resources, the study made use of a comparative text analysis approach to investigate the application of passive structures in the novel <em>Animal Farm </em>(Orwell, 1956) and its Persian translation (Akhondi, 2004). The results revealed that the conventional function defined for Persian shodan as an auxiliary verb for passive structure outnumbers the passive verbs used in the original novel. Findings also indicate that passive voice is not limited to one form of shodan and past participle; in fact, transitivity alternation plays a key role, too. In addition, the combination of shodan with nouns or adjectives is twofold: it can produce both active and passive voice structures. This study was targeted at EFL learners and teachers as well as translators who will duly be provided with fundamental awareness when dealing with English and Persian in learning / teaching process and translating from English into Persian and vice versa.</p>

German children's productivity with tense morphology: the Perfekt (present perfect)

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANGELIKA WITTEK ◽  
MICHAEL TOMASELLO
Keyword(s):  
Past Participle ◽  
Present Perfect ◽  
The Past ◽  
Verb Semantics ◽  
Inflected Form ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Main Verb

Two nonce-word studies examined German-speaking children's productivity with the Perfekt (present perfect) from 2;6 to 3;6. The German Perfekt consists of the past participle of the main verb and an inflected form of an auxiliary (either haben ‘have’ or sein ‘be’). In Study 1, nonce verbs were either introduced in the infinitival form, and children (seventy-two children, aged 2;6 to 3;6) were tested on their ability to produce the Perfekt, or introduced in the Perfekt, and children were tested on their ability to produce the infinitive. In Study 2 twenty-four children aged 3;6 were given the past participle form of nonce verbs to see if they could supply the appropriate auxiliary (based mainly on verb semantics). The results were that many children as young as 2;6 used past participles productively (more than used infinitival forms productively), but all children had much difficulty in supplying both auxiliaries appropriately. The current findings suggest that mastery of the Perfekt construction as a whole does not take place before the age of four and that frequency of exposure is an important factor in determining the age at which children acquire grammatical constructions.

Why is this happened? Passive morphology and unaccusativity

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Balcom
Keyword(s):  
Argument Structure ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Past Participle ◽  
Production Task ◽  
Syntactic Rule ◽  
English Writing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Linguistic Representations ◽  
Unaccusative Verbs

Zobl discussed inappropriate passive morphology (‘be’ and the past participle) in the English writing of L2 learners, linking its occurrence to the class of unaccusative verbs and proposing that learners subsume unaccusatives under the syntactic rule for passive formation. The research reported here supports and amplifies Zobl' proposal, based on a grammaticality judgement task and a controlled production task containing verbs from a variety of subclasses of unaccusatives. The tasks were administered to Chinese L1 learners of English and a control group of English native speakers. Results show that subjects both used and judged as grammatical inappropriate passive morphology with all verbs falling under the rubric of unaccusativity. The article concludes with linguistic representations which maintain Zobl’s insights but are consistent with current theories of argument structure.

Past participles of strong verbs in Jutland Danish: A real-time study of regionalization and standardization

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben Juel Jensen ◽  
Marie Maegaard
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Past Participle ◽  
Time Study ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Status ◽  
Standardization Process ◽  
Large Corpus ◽  
Strong Verbs

The article presents a real-time study of standardization and regionalization processes with respect to the use of past participles of strong verbs in the western part of Denmark. Analyses of a large corpus of recordings of informants from two localities show that the use of the dialectalenform of the past participle suffix has been in decline during the last 30 years. Theenforms are replaced by three other forms, one of which is (partly) dialectal, one regional and one standard Danish. The study indicates that a regionalization process has taken place prior to the time period studied, but that it has now been overtaken by a Copenhagen-based standardization process. The study also shows interesting differences between the two localities, arguably due to the geographical location and size, and to the status of the different participle forms in the traditional local dialects.

scholarly journals The Role of the Passive Voice Mindset in Regulating Healthy Eating

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Senay ◽  
Muhammet Usak ◽  
Zeynep Ceren Acarturk
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Passive Voice ◽  
Active Voice ◽  
The Past ◽  
It Impacts ◽  
Unhealthy Eating

Talking about eating in the passive, as opposed to the active voice, (e.g., The cake will be eaten vs. I will eat the cake) can lead people to see the act of eating to be triggered by the food to a greater extent, leading to the continuation of past eating habits. Depending on whether or not the past habits are healthy, the motivation for healthy eating may change as a result. In study 1, writing passive sentences increased the motivation for healthy eating to the extent that people reported eating healthy in the past. Moreover, in study 2 across 127 languages spoken in 94 countries, when the acted-upons of actions (e.g., the food in the act of eating) became relatively more salient in a language, people became more likely to act on cultural habits that may be relatively healthier, decreasing unhealthy eating. The results are important for understanding the perceived role of food in starting eating as it impacts healthy eating across cultures.

scholarly journals AN ANALYSIS ON STUDENT’S ERROR OF PASSIVE VOICE IN THE SIMPLE PRESENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-209
Author(s):  
Dede Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Past Participle ◽  
Passive Voice ◽  
Regular Verb ◽  
Writing Activity

This research is aimed to analyze and to know an error of the passive voice in the simple present, passive is needed in daily speaking and writing activity. In this research, the writers use a qualitative method and took 25 students as a sample of this research. While the result of this research, among others: 1. there are 5 students who error on the use of verb, the students are looked confused to choose between Verb 2 and Also Verb 3 (Past Participle), the student cannot distinguish between irregular verb, regular verb and Verb 3 (Past Participle), 2. 4 students’ error on the use to be they can distinguish to be in the passive voice with the use to be in past tense, 3. 6 students’ error in the use to be and verb on passive voice of simple present. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengetahui kesalahan passive voice pada simple present, passive voice sangat dibutuhkan dalam kegiatan berbicara dan menulis sehari-hari. Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif dan mengambil 25 siswa sebagai sampel penelitian. Adapun Hasil penelitian ini antara lain: 1. ada 5 siswa yang melakukan kesalahan dalam penggunaan kata kerja, siswa terlihat bingung untuk memilih antara kata kerja 2 dan kata kerja 3 (Past Participle), siswa tidak dapat membedakan antara kata kerja tidak teratur, kata kerja reguler dan Kata kerja 3 (Past Participle), 2. Ada 4 siswa yang melakukan kesalahan dalam menggunakan to be, para siswa tidak dapat membedakan to be passive voice dan past tense 3. Ada 6 siswa yang salah dalam penggunaan menjadi dan kata kerja pada passive voice.

The ge- Prefix of the Past Participle

1968 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Richard K. Seymour
Keyword(s):  
Past Participle ◽  
The Past
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document