scholarly journals Study effects of the some Potanical Powders on Biology of Chinese bruchid Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) s

2019 ◽  
pp. 436-449
Author(s):  
Asma O. Freewan ◽  
Halluma M. Kerra
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Kidney Bean ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Repellent Effect ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Selection For

This research was conducted to study effect of the tested plant powders on the biology of the C. chinensis life using powder of Lantana camara leaves and powder of Melia azedarach leaves and fruits mixed with kidney bean seeds at different concentrations (0,1,2,3,4,5g powder/100g). Results showed that the powder of L. camara leaves was higher on reduction of the female's fertility to 33.27%. The percentage of reduction in the numbers of the first generation (F1) was 45.68%. While fertility was 48.2 and 53.5% and the percentage in reduction of the numbers of the first generation was 38.55 and 23.18% for M. azedarach leaves and fruits powder respectively. The tested plant powders have repellent effect on the adults. Repellency also achieved by L. Camara, M. azedarach fruits and leaves and reached 80, 73.3 and 66.6% respectively Chemotrophometer measure showed no differences on the repellent effect of the tested plant powders. The females when given free selection for eggs laying on seeds treated with 5g powder /100g seeds and untreated seeds they choose the untreated seeds to lay eggs. The powders found to have repellent effect on the insects preventing them from laying eggs. However, C. chinensis choosed untreated seeds for ovipostion. Callosobruchus chinensis (L) belongs to Order Coleoptera and family Chrysomelidae. a primary pest infests legume seeds.

Phenotypic variation for disease resistance and virulence within naturalized populations of Stylosanthes humilis and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 717 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Vinijsanun ◽  
DF Cameron ◽  
JAG Irwin ◽  
A Barnes
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Fungal Isolate ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Pathogen Virulence ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Causal Fungus ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Fourth Experiment ◽  
A Site

The extent of variation for host disease reaction and pathogen virulence was studied in naturalized populations of Stylosanthes hurnilis and Colletotrichurn gloeosporioides, the causal fungus of an anthracnose disease of Stylosanthes spp. Diseased plants (S0) were collected from the field at three sites (Townsville, Wrotham Park and Niall) in North Queensland, and first generation selfed (S1) progenies (host-lines) and single spore fungal cultures were grown for each of the collections made. Within a site, all host-lines were inoculated with each fungal isolate from that site, and a fourth experiment was conducted with representative host-pathogen combinations from each site. Sufficient seed was obtained to allow testing of 12, 10 and 8 collections from Niall, Wrotham Park and Townsville respectively. Significant variation (P < 0.01) between disease severity values for host-line means, fungal isolate means and host-line/fungal isolate interactions was found in all four experiments. Differences between fungal isolate means were the main source of variation in three of the four experiments. Both the differences in virulence within the pathogen population and the differences in resistance of the hostlines appeared to be quantitatively inherited. One host-line from Wrotham Park was significantly more resistant than the susceptible check, cv. Paterson, in two replicated experiments indicating that selection for some improvement in resistance within the naturalized populations should be possible. However, none of the host-lines from the Townsville and Niall sites were significantly more resistant than Paterson, suggesting that little natural selection for resistance has occurred within the naturalized host populations over the 10 years following the first outbreak of the disease in northern Australia.

scholarly journals Repellent Effect and Insecticidal Activities ofBridelia ferruginea,Blighia sapida, andKhaya senegalensisLeaves Powders and Extracts againstDinoderus porcellusin Infested Dried Yam Chips

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Yêyinou Loko ◽  
Obédatou Alagbe ◽  
Elie A. Dannon ◽  
Benjamin Datinon ◽  
Azize Orobiyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Management ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Fumigant Toxicity ◽  
Repellent Effect ◽  
Bridelia Ferruginea ◽  
Minimal Weight ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Synthetic Pesticide ◽  
Blighia Sapida

Dinoderus porcellusis considered as the most important pest of stored yam chips and compounds extracted from plants can be used for its control. The present study aimed to test the insecticidal and repellent activities of powders and extracts of leaves ofBridelia ferruginea,Blighia sapida, andKhaya senegalensisagainstD. porcellus. The efficacy of plant powders was compared with the synthetic pesticide Antouka (Permethrin 3 g/kg + pirimiphos 16 g/kg). The results of the experiment revealed that all plant powders were effective as repellents. Antouka was more effective as insecticidal than the plant powders and minimal weight loss was observed withB. sapidaat 2%. Among treatments, propanol extract ofK. senegalensisat 5% was found to elicit the highest repellent effect onD. porcellus. The LC50results revealed that the acetone extract ofK. senegalensisis the most toxic (0.29 μL/insect) to the pest, while the propanol extract ofB. ferrugineaat 5% exhibited strong fumigant toxicity againstD. porcellus, with 88.89% of pest mortality at 160 μL/L air. The findings from the current work proved that plant powders and extracts of the three plants are sources of botanical insecticides which may be used in the integrated management ofD. porcellus.

scholarly journals INTERACTION BETWEEN NATURAL SELECTION FOR HETEROZYGOTES AND DIRECTIONAL SELECTION

Genetics ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-168
Author(s):  
Margrith Wehrli Verghese
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Directional Selection ◽  
Simple Function ◽  
Small Populations ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Selection For

ABSTRACT When directional selection for an additively inherited trait is opposed by natural selection favoring heterozygous genotypes a selection plateau may be reached where genetic variance is present. The amount of response when this plateau is reached is a simple function of the selection response in the first generation and the intensity of natural selection. When selection is practiced in small populations, the sizes of the initial equilibrium gene frequencies are at least as important as the intensity of natural selection in determining the probability of fixing desirable alleles.

scholarly journals The Repellent Effect of Some Indigenous Plant Extracts Against Pulse Beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis)

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-154
Author(s):  
MT Ahmed ◽  
M Begum ◽  
MW Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Repellent Effect ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Indigenous Plants ◽  
Mikania Micrantha ◽  
Pulse Beetle ◽  
Indigenous Plant ◽  
Albizia Saman ◽  
Direct Toxicity

An Experiment was conducted in the laboratory of the Division of Entomology, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh to evaluate the efficacy of four indigenous plants parts such as leaves of raintree (Albizia saman), riot lata (Mikania micrantha), pithraj (Aphanamixis polystachya) and seeds of mahogani (Swietenia macrophylla) with methanol extracts at the rates of 10.0, 7.5, 5.0 and 2.5% for their direct toxicity against the pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.). Among the four plants extracts tested, pithraj leaf showed the highest (52.28%) mean repellency effect followed by riot lata (Mikania) leaf extract (46.07%), mahogani seed extract (38.79%) and raintree leaf extract (25.13%). On the basis of mean repellency rate, it was found that mahogany seed, pithraj leaf and riot lata (Mikania) leaf extracts were in the same repellency class i.e. Class Ill and except raintree leaf (Class II).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v7i2.22224 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 7(2): 151-154 2014

Short-term Progeny Tests and Second Generation Breeding in Slash Pine

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-169
Author(s):  
E. C. Franklin ◽  
A. E. Squillace
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Major Disadvantage ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Almost All

Progeny testing is the most widely used method for intensive genetic evaluation of selected forest trees, but its major disadvantage is the length of time needed to get results. To circumvent this problem in selection for a multiproduct strain of slash pine (Pinuselliottii Engelm.), a system for short-term (3-year) progeny testing was developed. Oleoresin yields of selected second-generation 19-year-old parent trees were compared with yields of their 3-year-old offspring. Both parents and offspring showed little variation and a low offspring–parent correlation (r = 0.18), but other traits based on the same parent trees when they were 25 years old and their 3-year-old offspring showed relatively large amounts of variation and moderate to strong offspring-parent correlations: height, r =.56; volume, r = 0.43; turpentine, r = 0.71; ethanol–benzene extractives, r = 0.38; specific gravity, r = 0.43; moisture content, r = 0.34. Thus, indications are that additional gains could be made in the first generation by selecting among parent trees on a progeny performance basis in all traits except oleoresin yield. Original mass selection for oleoresin yield achieved gains of 100% improvement and apparently exploited almost all of the genetic variation in the base population. In second generation selection, progeny testing will be used primarily in screening for fusiform rust resistance. Between-family plus within-family selection will be used for other traits.

scholarly journals Models of long-term artificial selection in finite population with recurrent mutation

1986 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Hill ◽  
Jonathan Rasbash
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Finite Population ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Term Selection ◽  
Cumulative Response ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection For

SummaryThe effects of mutation on mean and variance of response to selection for quantitative traits are investigated. The mutants are assumed to be unlinked, to be additive, and to have their effects symmetrically distributed about zero, with absolute values of effects having a gamma distribution. It is shown that the ratio of expected cumulative response to generation t from mutants, , and expected response over one generation from one generation of mutants, , is a function of t/N, where t is generations and N is effective population size. Similarly, , is a function of t/N, where is the increment in genetic variance from one generation of mutants. The mean and standard deviation of response from mutations relative to that from initial variation in the population, in the first generation, are functions of . Evaluation of these formulae for a range of parameters quantifies the important role that population size can play in response to long-term selection.

Selection for crimp frequency in the wool of Merino sheep. 1. Direct response to selection

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (29) ◽  
pp. 552 ◽  
Author(s):  
GE Robards ◽  
WA Pattie
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Direct Response ◽  
Satisfactory Explanation ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Contrast Response ◽  
Large Response

Two selection flocks consisting of 100 ewes mated to five rams were established at the Agricultural Research Station, Trangie, in 1950. One flock was selected for high crimp frequency (Crimps Plus), and the other for low crimp frequency (Crimps Minus). Responses in these flocks were measured against a randomly selected control flock maintained in the same environment and with the same management. The Crimps Plus flock showed a steady increase in crimp frequency with realized heritabilities of 0.46 � 0.14 for ewes and 0.38 � 0.15 for rams, calculated over five generations of selection. In contrast, response in the Crimps Minus flock was not linear as there was a large response in the first generation but very little after that. Dam-offspring heritabilities calculated for sheep entering the flocks after the first generation were 0.40 � 0.14 for the Crimps Minus flock and 0.47 � 0.15 for the Crimps Plus flock. It is suggested that prior selection in the base population may have resulted in unequal gene frequencies, and hence the reduction of response in the Crimps Minus flock. No satisfactory explanation could be given for the large response to the first generation of selection in this flock.

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