Phenotypic variation for disease resistance and virulence within naturalized populations of Stylosanthes humilis and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 717 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Vinijsanun ◽  
DF Cameron ◽  
JAG Irwin ◽  
A Barnes
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Fungal Isolate ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Pathogen Virulence ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Causal Fungus ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Fourth Experiment ◽  
A Site

The extent of variation for host disease reaction and pathogen virulence was studied in naturalized populations of Stylosanthes hurnilis and Colletotrichurn gloeosporioides, the causal fungus of an anthracnose disease of Stylosanthes spp. Diseased plants (S0) were collected from the field at three sites (Townsville, Wrotham Park and Niall) in North Queensland, and first generation selfed (S1) progenies (host-lines) and single spore fungal cultures were grown for each of the collections made. Within a site, all host-lines were inoculated with each fungal isolate from that site, and a fourth experiment was conducted with representative host-pathogen combinations from each site. Sufficient seed was obtained to allow testing of 12, 10 and 8 collections from Niall, Wrotham Park and Townsville respectively. Significant variation (P < 0.01) between disease severity values for host-line means, fungal isolate means and host-line/fungal isolate interactions was found in all four experiments. Differences between fungal isolate means were the main source of variation in three of the four experiments. Both the differences in virulence within the pathogen population and the differences in resistance of the hostlines appeared to be quantitatively inherited. One host-line from Wrotham Park was significantly more resistant than the susceptible check, cv. Paterson, in two replicated experiments indicating that selection for some improvement in resistance within the naturalized populations should be possible. However, none of the host-lines from the Townsville and Niall sites were significantly more resistant than Paterson, suggesting that little natural selection for resistance has occurred within the naturalized host populations over the 10 years following the first outbreak of the disease in northern Australia.

scholarly journals High Survivorship of First-Generation Monarch Butterfly Eggs to Third Instar Associated with a Diverse Arthropod Community

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 567
Author(s):  
Misty Stevenson ◽  
Kalynn L. Hudman ◽  
Alyx Scott ◽  
Kelsey Contreras ◽  
Jeffrey G. Kopachena
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Danaus Plexippus ◽  
Monarch Butterfly ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
North Texas ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Area Of Occupancy ◽  
Predator Abundance ◽  
A Site

Based on surveys of winter roost sites, the eastern migratory population of the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) in North America appears to have declined in the last 20 years and this has prompted the implementation of numerous conservation strategies. However, there is little information on the survivorship of first-generation monarchs in the core area of occupancy in Texas, Oklahoma, and Louisiana where overwinter population recovery begins. The purpose of this study was to determine the survivorship of first-generation eggs to third instars at a site in north Texas and to evaluate host plant arthropods for their effect on survivorship. Survivorship to third instar averaged 13.4% and varied from 11.7% to 15.6% over three years. The host plants harbored 77 arthropod taxa, including 27 predatory taxa. Despite their abundance, neither predator abundance nor predator richness predicted monarch survival. However, host plants upon which monarchs survived often harbored higher numbers of non-predatory arthropod taxa and more individuals of non-predatory taxa. These results suggest that ecological processes may have buffered the effects of predators and improved monarch survival in our study. The creation of diverse functional arthropod communities should be considered for effective monarch conservation, particularly in southern latitudes.

scholarly journals Efficient Integration of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus DNA Vectors Requires a p5-rep Sequence in cis

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 5411-5421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola J. Philpott ◽  
Catherine Giraud-Wali ◽  
Carolyn Dupuis ◽  
Janette Gomos ◽  
Henry Hamilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Promoter Sequence ◽  
Inverted Terminal Repeat ◽  
Sequence Element ◽  
Adeno Associated Virus ◽  
Enhancer Element ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Site Specific Integration ◽  
Gene Therapy Vectors ◽  
A Site

ABSTRACT The initial aim of this study was to combine attributes of adeno-associated virus (AAV) and adenovirus (Ad) gene therapy vectors to generate an Ad-AAV hybrid vector allowing efficient site-specific integration with Ad vectors. In executing our experimental strategy, we found that, in addition to the known incompatibility of Rep expression and Ad growth, an equally large obstacle was presented by the inefficiency of the integration event when using traditional recombinant AAV (rAAV) vectors. This study has addressed both of these problems. We have shown that a first-generation Ad can be generated that expresses Rep proteins at levels consistent with those found in wild-type AAV (wtAAV) infections and that Rep-mediated AAV persistence can occur in the presence of first-generation Ad vectors. Our finding that traditional rAAV plasmid vectors lack integration potency compared to wtAAV plasmid constructs (10- to 100-fold differences) was unexpected but led to the discovery of a previously unidentified AAV integration enhancer sequence element which functions in cis to an AAV inverted terminal repeat-flanked target gene. rAAV constructs containing left-end AAV sequence, including the p5-rep promoter sequence, integrate efficiently in a site-specific manner. The identification of this novel AAV integration enhancer element is consistent with previous studies, which have indicated that a high frequency of wtAAV recombinant junction formation occurs in the vicinity of the p5 promoter, and recent studies have demonstrated a role for this region in AAV DNA replication. Understanding the contribution of this element to the mechanism of AAV integration will be critical to the use of AAV vectors for targeted gene transfer applications.

A Model for Selecting Viticultural Sites in the Piedmont Triad Region of North Carolina

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Walter Nowlin ◽  
Rick L. Bunch
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Site Suitability ◽  
The North ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
North Carolina Piedmont ◽  
Selection For ◽  
A Site

The North Carolina wine industry is growing at a fast pace. Many new vineyards are being planted with European varieties. Vitis vinifera varieties in general are the most challenging species of grape grown, requiring considerable effort to consistently produce yields of appropriate volume and good quality. The model produced in this research was designed to help guide site selection for V. vinifera vineyards in the North Carolina Piedmont. This is accomplished using a site suitability model and predictive geophysical parameters. The area of interest is Rockingham County, North Carolina. The model consists of four sets of factors each weighted and combined into sub-model composites. These sub-model composites represent the capability/suitability of: topography, soil, land use/land cover, and climate. The four sub-model composites were weighted and combined to produce the final output that summarizes the viticultural site suitability for the study area.

scholarly journals Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu stricto Is a Pathogen of Leaf Anthracnose on Evergreen Spindle Tree (Euonymus japonicus)

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 672-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Huang ◽  
Qiu-Cheng Li ◽  
Ya Zhang ◽  
De-Wei Li ◽  
Jian-Ren Ye
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Fungal Isolate ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
Euonymus Japonicus

The genus Colletotrichum is considered the eighth most important group of plant-pathogenic fungi in the world due to its scientific and economic importance. Colletotrichum spp. cause anthracnose disease in a wide range of economically important plants. Euonymus japonicus Thunb. (Celastraceae) is a broad-leaved evergreen tree that is widely planted in the parks and landscapes of China. An anthracnose occurs on E. japonicus in China but there has been a disagreement on the identity of the fungal pathogen. In this study, the fungal isolate HYCG2-3 was determined by Koch’s postulates to be a pathogen on E. japonicus. Based on the morphological and molecular methods, isolate HYCG2-3 was identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu stricto within the C. gloeosporioides species complex.

Growing Up Queer

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
First Generation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Gender Identities ◽  
Intersecting Identities ◽  
And Gender ◽  
A Site ◽  
Teenage Sexuality ◽  
Natural Characteristics

Growing Up Queer explores what it is like being young and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and/or queer (LGBTQ) in the United States today. Using interviews and ethnographic research conducted at an LGBTQ youth drop-in center, it shows how young people understand their sexual and gender identities, their interest in queer media, and the role that family plays in their lives. The young people who participated in this research are among the first generation to embrace queer identities as kids and teens, and Growing Up Queer shows how both sexual and gender identities are formed through complicated, ambivalent processes, as opposed to the natural characteristics one is born with. In addition to showing how youth understand their identities, Growing Up Queer describes how young people navigate queerness within a culture in which being gay is the “new normal.” Using Sara Ahmed’s concept of queer orientation, it argues that being queer is not just about one’s sexual and/or gender identity but is also understood through intersecting identities including race, class, ability, and more. By showing how society accepts some kinds of LGBTQ-identified people while rejecting others, Growing Up Queer provides evidence of queerness as a site of social inequality. The book moves beyond an oversimplified examination of teenage sexuality and shows, through the voices of young people themselves, the exciting yet complicated terrain of queer adolescence.

scholarly journals INTERACTION BETWEEN NATURAL SELECTION FOR HETEROZYGOTES AND DIRECTIONAL SELECTION

Genetics ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-168
Author(s):  
Margrith Wehrli Verghese
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Directional Selection ◽  
Simple Function ◽  
Small Populations ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Selection For

ABSTRACT When directional selection for an additively inherited trait is opposed by natural selection favoring heterozygous genotypes a selection plateau may be reached where genetic variance is present. The amount of response when this plateau is reached is a simple function of the selection response in the first generation and the intensity of natural selection. When selection is practiced in small populations, the sizes of the initial equilibrium gene frequencies are at least as important as the intensity of natural selection in determining the probability of fixing desirable alleles.

scholarly journals Fashion and the femmes tondues: Lee Miller, Vogue and representing Liberation France

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-344
Author(s):  
Claire Gorrara
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Home Front ◽  
World War ◽  
War Photography ◽  
Feminine Beauty ◽  
Multiple Messages ◽  
War Experience ◽  
A Site ◽  
Second World

This article will examine representations of the Liberation of France in the war reports of Lee Miller, an accredited photographer and correspondent for American and British Vogue during the Second World War. Miller’s frontline reports framed Liberation France in idealised images of feminine beauty and elegance, making use of fashion as a primary conduit for understanding the war and occupation for readers on the home front. As this article will argue, examining Miller’s choices and perspective as a female photographer sheds new light on the intersection of fashion, war photography and the female body. In Miller’s work, fashion becomes a site for imagining liberation in ways that foreground the gendering of war experience and the legacies of conflict for women. By charting Miller’s representations of French women at the Liberation, and above all the chastised figure of the femme tondue, this article will analyse how French women function as carriers of multiple messages about war, liberation and reconstruction in Miller’s work. Unlike the sensationalist images of the femmes tondues published in the British picture press and newspapers in the summer of 1944, Miller’s war reports in Vogue construct an empathic relationship with such underprivileged female subjects. Miller’s work opens a space, therefore, for speculation on the role of fashion in shaping how the Second World War was understood by a first generation of female memory producers and consumers.

DREAMS, DOCUMENTS AND 'FETISHES': AFRICAN CHRISTIAN INTERPRETATIONS OF THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Hofmeyr
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Spiritual Gifts ◽  
African Languages ◽  
Pilgrim's Progress ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Spiritual Authority ◽  
Missionary Movement ◽  
Intellectual Traditions ◽  
Power And Powerlessness ◽  
A Site

AbstractJohn Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress, a key text of the evangelical Protestant missionary movement, was translated into eighty African languages and consequently influenced African Christian intellectual traditions. This article examines one aspect of this influence, namely the ways in which Bunyan's portrayal of literacy in The Pilgrim's Progress became a site around which African reworkings of the text cohered. For Bunyan, a first-generation literate, literacy is a source of spiritual authority but also a source of powerlessness as documents are used to persecute the poor. African Christians likewise experienced literacy as a source of power and powerlessness. This contradiction often produced the phenomenon of 'miraculous literacy' in which believers magically gain the ability to read through spiritual gifts rather than via mission or colonially controlled institutions. Documents also gain talismanic or 'fetish-like' properties, a view not far removed from evangelical theories of text that likewise invest documents with extraordinary capacities.

Short-term Progeny Tests and Second Generation Breeding in Slash Pine

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-169
Author(s):  
E. C. Franklin ◽  
A. E. Squillace
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Major Disadvantage ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Almost All

Progeny testing is the most widely used method for intensive genetic evaluation of selected forest trees, but its major disadvantage is the length of time needed to get results. To circumvent this problem in selection for a multiproduct strain of slash pine (Pinuselliottii Engelm.), a system for short-term (3-year) progeny testing was developed. Oleoresin yields of selected second-generation 19-year-old parent trees were compared with yields of their 3-year-old offspring. Both parents and offspring showed little variation and a low offspring–parent correlation (r = 0.18), but other traits based on the same parent trees when they were 25 years old and their 3-year-old offspring showed relatively large amounts of variation and moderate to strong offspring-parent correlations: height, r =.56; volume, r = 0.43; turpentine, r = 0.71; ethanol–benzene extractives, r = 0.38; specific gravity, r = 0.43; moisture content, r = 0.34. Thus, indications are that additional gains could be made in the first generation by selecting among parent trees on a progeny performance basis in all traits except oleoresin yield. Original mass selection for oleoresin yield achieved gains of 100% improvement and apparently exploited almost all of the genetic variation in the base population. In second generation selection, progeny testing will be used primarily in screening for fusiform rust resistance. Between-family plus within-family selection will be used for other traits.

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