Criterios de uso y conservación de árboles en potreros basados en el conocimiento local de los ganaderos en una zona de bosque seco tropical en Colombia

Trees are attributed an important role in livestock farms, fulfilling various functions. The study documents the retention of woody species in cattle farms from local and technical knowledge in the upper part of the Magdalena river basin, Colombia. 195 semi-structured questionnaires were applied to identify the perception of producers about the classification and uses of tree forage species, based on physical, nutritional, phenological and environmental criteria, as indicators of conservation and use of species in pastures. With these indicators, indices were constructed that identified important characteristics of the species mentioned by the ranchers. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, mean comparisons, and multivariate analysis techniques. It is recognized that producers appreciate species based on criteria of use and functions related to their productive activity. Six highly valued species Gliricidia sepium, Guazuma ulmifolia, Pithecellobium dulce, Albizia guachapele, Acacia farnesiana and Albizia saman coincide with other studies of local knowledge. The study provides relevant information on twelve species associated with livestock, which have not been reported in previous studies, so it suggests deepening and complementing with scientific knowledge to recognize and assess the use of these potential species for livestock production, allowing interaction between knowledge in a concerted technological system.

Study on the Implementation of the Green City Development Program (PK2H) through Optimizing Green Open Space (RTH) in Ilir Barat I District, Palembang City

This study aims to analyze the development, utilization, supervision, and control of the green open space program in Ilir Barat I Sub-District, Palembang. This study was conducted in, Ilir Barat I Sub-District, Palembang city.October 2019 to December 2019. On this research used descriptive qualitative methods and analysis of vegetation (Anveg) by using and purposive sampling. Based on the analysis,The Sub-District of Ilir Barat I has a Green Open Space (RTH) covering an area of 101,389 m2 with a percentage of 0.51%. The area of it does not meet the minimum area of green space based on Law No. 26 of 2007 in article 29 paragraph (2) of 30% and has met the requirements of article 29 paragraph (3) of 20%. With the distribution of green open space is the Puncak Sekuning TPU with an area of 40,000 m² with a percentage of 0.20%.The green space location with the smallest area in the stadium of Bumi Sriwijaya has a green space of 1,627 m² with a percentage of 0.01%. The area of green space in the District of Ilir Barat I Palembang based on the results of the study was 101,389 m², while the area of it based on Palembang PRKP data in the Sub-District of Ilir Barat I of Palembang City was 96,166 m². Researcher measurement data has a difference of 5,223 m² with data from the Palembang City PRKP Service. Angsana tree (Pterocarpus indicus), The highest number of tree in green line (road side) is Trembesi (Albizia saman) while in median road is Tanjung (Mimusops elengi).

Pengawetan Perendaman Dingin Dan Panas Dingin Kayu Trembesi (Albizia Saman) Menggunakan Pengawet Boraks

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai retensi dan keefektifan bahan pengawet Boraks (Na2B4O7.10H2O) terhadap serangan rayap tanah (Subteranean termites) pada kayu Trembesi (Albizia saman) dengan metode pengawetan dan konsentrasi bahan pengawet yang berbeda. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Biologi dan Pengawetan Kayu, Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Mulawarman Samarinda. Seluruh data diolah menggunakan pola percobaan 3 x 2 dalam rancangan faktorial acak lengkap dengan 10 kali ulangan. Parameter yang diukur adalah kadar air, Kerapatan kering udara, kerapatan kering tanur, uji retensi, dan persentase uji kehilangan berat dengan menggunakan metode perendaman dingin, perendaman panas dingin dan konsentrasi 1%, 2%, dan 4%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai rataan kadar air kering udara Trembesi adalah 11,528% dengan koefisien variasi sebesar 4,445%. Nilai rata-rata kerapatan kering udara dan kerapatan kering tanur masing-masing adalah 0,460 g/cm3 dan 0,427 g/cm3 dengan koefisien variasi masing-masing sebesar 8,500% dan 8,364%. Konsentrasi bahan pengawet Boraks dan metode pengawetan berpengaruh sangat signifikan terhadap retensi bahan pengawet, semakin tinggi konsentrasi pengawet maka semakin tinggi pula nilai retensi nya. Metode perendaman panas dingin akan menghasilkan nilai retensi lebih tinggi dibanding metode perendaman dingin. Interaksi antara faktor konsentrasi dan metode pengawetan berpengaruh sangat signifikan terhadap retensi, dimana rataan nilai retensi tertinggi dan paling memberikan pengaruh terhadap perlakuan interaksi yang lain terdapat pada konsentrasi 4% dengan metode pengawetan panas dingin sebesar 2,662 kg/m3. Konsentrasi dan interaksi menunjukan adanya pengaruh yang tidak signifikan terhadap nilai kehilangan berat, sedangkan metode pengawetan menunjukan pengaruh yang sangat signifikan dengan nilai kehilangan berat terendah yang paling berpengaruh adalah perendaman panas dingin sebesar 1,484%. Namun perlakuan pengawetan secara umum telah mampu menurunkan kehilangan berat kayu. Persentase kehilangan berat contoh uji yang dihasilkan dalam penelitian diperoleh nilai dengan kisaran 1,339-3,678% untuk contoh uji yang mendapatkan perlakuan pengawetan, sedangkan contoh uji kontrol sebesar 9,573%. Nilai tersebut apabila dibandingkan dengan SNI 01-7207-2006 tentang uji ketahanan kayu dan produk kayu terhadap organisme perusak kayu termasuk dalam kelas I (sangat tahan) sampai dengan kelas II (tahan), sedangkan untuk kontrol termasuk dalam kelas III (sedang). Sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa kehilangan berat contoh uji yang telah diberi perlakuan cukup efektif untuk pencegahan dari serangan rayap tanah.

Estimation of CO2 Absorption, Biomass, and Carbon Deposit the Trees on the Street City of Malang

Climate change increases the concentration of the greenhouse effect, this was caused by the lack of trees as a function of carbon sequestration. Therefore, this study aims to map the vegetation distribution in the streets of the city of Malang and to measure its carbon stocks. The used method was vegetation analysis, to calculate the estimation of biomass, carbon storage and CO2 absorption using the allometric equation Brown; Brown and Lugo; and Morikawa. The study was conducted at the street lots of traffic activity, there are six stations representing the city of Malang, those are Tlogomas Street, North of Ahmad Yani Street, Letjend Sutoyo Street, Panglima Sudirman Street, Sudanco Supriadi Street and Kolonel Sugiono Street. The results of this study are that the most carbon-absorbing tree is Albizia saman with a value of 287,656 kg and the region that absorbs the most carbon is Panglima Sudirman Street, that located in the middle of the city.

Utilization of whole pods of Albizia saman in diets of growing rabbits

The effect of graded levels of whole pods of Albizia saman (Rain tree) on the performance nutrient utilization and haematology of growing rabbits were studied. Four experimental diets were formulated which contained 100, 200 and 300g whole pods of A. saman of diet. Forty-eight growing hybrid rabbits with average initial weight of 828.2g were used for the experiment. They were alloted on weight equalization basis to four dietary treatments that is 12 animals per treatment. The animals were housed individually and fed ad libitum with the respective diets through the eight weeks experimental period. Data on body weight, feed intake, feed to gain ratio and protein efficiency ratio were monitored. Metabolic trials were also carried out in the course of the experiment and the digestibility of dry matter and the proximate contents of the feed were determined. Some haematological indices of the experimental animals were also assayed, these include: packed cell volume, haemoglobin, red blood cells, white blood cells, serum total protein, serum albumin and serum creatine. Results showed that the dietary treatments had significant effect (P<0.05) on body weight, feed intake, feed to gain ratio and protein efficiency ratio. Rabbits fed 100g kg-1 A. saman diet had similar performance with those on the control diet (0g kg-1 A. saman) and performed better (P<0.05) than those fed 200g kg-1 and 300g kg-1 A. saman diets. The digestibility values of dry matter and other proximate fractions of the dietary treatments were not significantly different (P>0.05). However, when only the A. saman diets were considered, rabbits fed 100g kg-1 had the highest but non-significant digestibility values for all the measurement taken. The mean values for packed cell volume, haemoglobin, serum total protein and serum albumin decreased with increasing level of inclusion of A. saman. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the values of red blood cells and serum creatine. It was concluded that inclusion of whole pods of A. saman up to 100g kg-1 level in the diets of growing rabbits gave best results with no adverse effect on performance and nutrient digestibility.

EFFECTS OF Albizia saman PODS SUPPLEMENTATION ON FEED INTAKE AND LIVE WEIGHT CHANGES OF WHITE FULANI CALVES

Nine weaned White Fulani Calves aged between 3 - 13 months, weighing between 28 - 71kg werte fed on ratios consisting of basal Guinea grass hay and 0, 15, 30% Albizia saman replacement for cassava waste in a concentrate ration and each period lasting 28 days feed intake and live weight changes of White Fulani Calves were determined. The DM intake increased with increased level of Albizia saman in the ration, the highest liveweight changes was recorded when the animals were fed 30% Albizia saman whole pod. The result showed that Albizia saman whole pod promotes intake and live weight changes of White Fulani calves, thus can be fed without any adverse effect on calves.

Identification and Characterization of Natural Sweeteners from “Trembesi” Fruit Pulp (Albizia saman)

Research has been carried out on the process of natural sweeteners from the pulp of the “trembesi” fruit. The purpose of this study was to identify the types of sugar (fructose, glucose, sucrose) and to determine the effect of extraction temperature on the characteristics of natural sweeteners from “trembesi” pulp. This study used a simple completely randomized design (CRD) with extraction temperature treatments (60°C, 70°C, 80°C, 90°C and 100°C). The data obtained were analyzed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) method, if there was a significant difference between treatments, it was continued with Duncan's Test (DMRT). The results of the research, it is known that the pulp of the tamarind fruit contains a total of 53.65% sugar; fructose 20.55%; glucose 12.77%; sucrose 18.21%; water content 25.739%; ash 2.771%; 1.226% protein; fat 7.028%; and carbohydrates 63.196%. The best treatment is the extraction temperature of 100°C; which produces natural sweeteners with the following characteristics: viscosity 11.71 cp; and sensories of viscosity 4.1. Total sugar in natural sweetener from pulp of the “trembesi” fruit 73.36%; fructose 26.40%; glucose 12.11%; and 25.4% sucrose.

Tratamiento de agua cruda con extractos coagulantes naturales

Se evaluaron cinco extractos coagulantes naturales en solución salina de tallos de Hylocereus cf. trigonus (Cactus), exudado gomoso de Albizia saman (Campano), corteza de Guazuma ulmifolia (Guácimo) y corteza y semilla de Moringa oleífera (Moringa), en muestras de agua cruda tomadas del río Sinú, con niveles de turbidez inicial entre 56 y 300 unidades nefelométricas de turbidez (UNT). Con ensayos de jarras, se determinó las eficiencias de remoción de turbidez, en función del porcentaje de actividad coagulante, para dosis aplicadas entre 5 mg/L a 200 mg/L. Las eficiencias de remoción variaron de 40% (con turbidez menores a 100 UNT) hasta 90% (con turbidez inicial mayor a 150 UNT) para dosis óptimas de 10 mg/L a 40 mg/L de extractos de tallos de H. cf. trigonus, exudado gomoso de A. saman, y cortezas de G. ulmifolia y de M. oleífera. El extracto de mayor eficiencia fue el obtenido de la semilla de M. oleífera, siendo más efectivo con turbidez mayor a 150 UNT, con eficiencias del 98%.