Novel Inhibitor-Based Therapies for Thyroid Cancer—An Update

Thyroid cancers (TCs) are the most common tumors of the endocrine system and a constant rise in the number of TC cases has been observed for the past few decades. TCs are one of the most frequent tumors in younger adults, especially in women, therefore early diagnosis and effective therapy are especially important. Ultrasonography examination followed by fine needle biopsy have become the gold standard for diagnosis of TCs, as these strategies allow for early-stage detection and aid accurate qualification for further procedures, including surgical treatment. Despite all the advancements in detection and treatment of TCs, constant mortality levels are still observed. Therefore, a novel generation line of targeted treatment strategies is being developed, including personalized therapies with kinase inhibitors. Recent molecular studies on TCs demonstrate that kinase inhibitor-based therapies might be considered as the most promising. In the past decade, new kinase inhibitors with different mechanisms of action have been reported and approved for clinical trials. This review presents an up-to-date picture of new approaches and challenges of inhibitor-based therapies in treatment of TCs, focusing on the latest findings reported over the past two years.

Molecular Mechanism of EGFR-TKI Resistance in EGFR-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Application to Biological Diagnostic and Monitoring

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common cancer in the world. Activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations are a positive predictive factor for EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). For common EGFR mutations (Del19, L858R), the standard first-line treatment is actually third-generation TKI, osimertinib. In the case of first-line treatment by first (erlotinib, gefitinib)- or second-generation (afatinib) TKIs, osimertinib is approved in second-line treatment for patients with T790M EGFR mutation. Despite the excellent disease control results with EGFR TKIs, acquired resistance inevitably occurs and remains a biological challenge. This leads to the discovery of novel biomarkers and possible drug targets, which vary among the generation/line of EGFR TKIs. Besides EGFR second/third mutations, alternative mechanisms could be involved, such as gene amplification or gene fusion, which could be detected by different molecular techniques on different types of biological samples. Histological transformation is another mechanism of resistance with some biological predictive factors that needs tumor biopsy. The place of liquid biopsy also depends on the generation/line of EGFR TKIs and should be a good candidate for molecular monitoring. This article is based on the literature and proposes actual and future directions in clinical and translational research.

Voice-Controlled Biped Walking Robot for Industrial Applications

Mechanical IoT is proceeding to extend from assembling and keen homes to retail, nourishment bundling, social insurance, and other use cases. For the present makers, modern IoT is quickly turning into an unquestionable requirement on creation lines for reasons of adequacy and hazard relief. Checking sensors must coordinate with generation line gear, including robots. Information streams and checking/announcing modules can give basic way data, trigger reaction conventions, and influence different exercises being followed on different modern systems. Modern IoT can expand perceivability into the states of robots in a production line, ranch, stockroom, or emergency clinic. Data about parts and gear can consistently observe to augment profitability and to decrease line personal time. Voice assistant robot takes the commands of the operator or mentor sets the functionality accordingly which is stored in the database and then execute the given task.

Pedigree Analysis: An Important Diagnostic Tool for Calculating the Risk Factor in Infertile Men of Indian Population

The problem of male infertility is widespread in the modern world and it is of utmost importance to look for risk factors and its early diagnosis so that corrective measures can be taken early on. The pedigree chart analysis is a very important tool in this regard which gives us the pictorial representation of the disease within the family. The research work was conducted in the Department of Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Cancer Hospital, and Research Center. Three-generation medical history of healthy control and infertile subjects were taken by preparing a pedigree chart in the form of pictorial representation. Physical examination was done for the Anthropometrical studies and other sexual inconvenience of the enrolled subjects. In the subjects enrolled for study the prevalence of infertility was found to be significantly high in families having a history of infertility and other habits in their generation line.

Modeling of Top Scroll Profile Using Equidistant-Curve Approach for a Scroll Compressor

Scroll profile plays a key role in determining the performance of a scroll compressor. In this study geometric and dynamic characteristics of the scroll profile are analyzed to investigate the influence of its geometric continuity on property of a scroll compressor. Firstly, scroll profiles are created to redesign the geometry of scroll wrap by using the equidistant-curve approach on the basis of a generation line consisting of involute of circle and circular arc. Subsequently, the geometric and dynamic models of the scroll compressor are established. These models are related to parameters of the generation line of scroll profile and rotation angle of a moving scroll. Lastly, some simulation examples of second-order continuity (SOC) scroll profile are compared with first-order continuity (FOC) scroll profiles and some important conclusions are obtained. Results show that SOC scroll profile is superior to FOC profile in terms of volume ratio, stability of gas force, and possible leakage loss in a scroll compressor.

Analysis and Manufacture of Skew Bevel Gears with Spherical Involute

Skew bevel gears are fundamental element of transmission system. Processing quality of skew bevel gears has impact on the performance of system. An accurate processing method of tooth surface of skew bevel gears with spherical involute is proposed. According to the space meshing theory, the meshing equation of skew bevel gears is built by the theory of coordinate transform. And the generating principle of generation line of tooth surface about skew bevel gears is studied. In terms of the formation theory of tooth surface, moving process model of milling processing is established. And the generation line is as chord of face circular cutters to cut the tooth surface. Machining of the profile of skew bevel gears is performed using three axes linkage by the method. Finally, the transmission experiment proves that this method can improve dynamics and strength characteristics.